Ladd, D. and J.R. Thomas. 2015. Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora for Floristic Quality Assessment. Phytoneuron 2015-12: 1-274. Published 12 February 2015. ISSN 2153 733X ECOLOGICAL CHECKLIST OF THE MISSOURI FLORA FOR FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT DOUGLAS LADD The Nature Conservancy 2800 S. Brentwood Blvd. St. Louis, Missouri 63144 dladd@tnc.org JUSTIN R. THOMAS Institute of Botanical Training, LLC 111 County Road 3260 Salem, Missouri 65560 com ABSTRACT An annotated checklist of the 2,961 vascular taxa comprising the flora of Missouri is presented, with conservatism rankings for Floristic Quality Assessment. The list also provides standardized acronyms for each taxon and information on nativity, physiognomy, and wetness ratings. Annotated comments for selected taxa provide taxonomic, floristic, and ecological information, particularly for taxa not recognized in recent treatments of the Missouri flora. Synonymy crosswalks are provided for three references commonly used in Missouri. A discussion of the concept and application of ee Quality Assessment is presented. To accurately reflect ecological and taxonomic new are validated for two distinct taxa, Dichanthelium ashei and D. werneri, and problems i in application of infraspecific taxon names within Quercus shumardii are clarified. CONTENTS Introduction Species conservatism and floristic quality Application of Floristic Quality Assessment Checklist: Rationale and methods Nomenclature and taxonomic concepts Synonymy Acronyms Physiognomy, nativity, and wetness Summary of the Missouri flora Conclusion Annotated comments for checklist taxa Acknowledgements Literature Cited Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora Table 1. C values, physiognomy, and common names Table 2. Synonymy crosswal Table 3. Wetness ratings and plant families INTRODUCTION This list was developed as part of a revised and expanded system for Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) in Missouri. FQA is a method of assessing the natural integrity and recovery potential of an area based on vegetation, and tracking management response through time (Taft et al. 1997). Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 2 Key to deployment of a Floristic Quality Assessment system is a disciplined enumeration of the vascular flora of a region, with a standardized convention for names and acronyms for each taxon. Other attributes for each taxon include whether it is introduced or native to a region, life history traits (physiognomy), degree of predilection for wetland conditions, and a conservatism ranking (C value). The conservatism ranking is an integer between 0 and 10 reflecting the degree of obligate dependence of a taxon on intact natural habitats with direct composition, site conditions, and process regime linkage to the immediate pre-Eurosettlement period. For each taxon, coefficients are assigned based on observed ecological performance, derived from collective extended field experience and empirical observations in the contemporary landscape. Factors influencing C value include disturbance tolerance, habitat affinities, and degree of dependence on intact native vegetation assemblages and their associated site conditions and process regimes. The concept of species conservatism and Floristic Quality Assessment was first developed by Wilhelm (1977), who applied it at a county level. The system was subsequently modified and expanded by Wilhelm and Ladd (1988). The first FQA system for Missouri was developed by the senior author in 1987 and refined in 1993 (Ladd 1993); this was the first application of FQA at a statewide scale. Since then, FQA systems have been developed for multiple states and provinces (e.g. Herman et al. 1997; Oldham et al. 1995; Rocchio et al. 2013). SPECIES CONSERVATISM AND FLORISTIC QUALITY In the New World, native biological systems and their component biota are under intensifying levels of stress. In midcontinental North America, since the peak of the last glacial advance some 15,000 years ago, these systems had persisted for millennia in a e stable arrays, supporting an unimaginable diversity of organisms with complex i 0 ie ted levels of habitat destruction and altered process regimes, such as fire and grazing, ie resulted in fragmented, largely degraded systems with reduced ecological function, resiliency, and diversity. These impacts have been exacerbated by the t ically new preval of a suite of introduced organisms adapted to the perturbations our sedentary urban/i tensive agriculture society has imposed on the landscape. Native species respond differently to perturbations that are novel to or exceed the magnitude and/or frequency of the post-glacial regimes to which they were attuned. Some species are more facultative and adaptable and can tolerate, significant impacts, sometimes even increasing opportunistically in response to > P t-E Other taxa are obligately restricted to the site conditions, and st 1 range of process regimes and conditions that characterized the post-glacial, pre-Eurosettlement landscape. If process regimes are altered and degrading impacts occur, these species are typically the least capable of maintaining their viability and are lost from the system. These taxa, once locally expunged from a site, are also least capable of becoming reestablished in the contemporary landscape, resulting in losses of aggregate biodiversity. These losses can further destabilize the system, resulting in cascading effects of further degradation, increasing loss of native biodiversity, and increased vulnerability to invasive species and their deleterious impacts. This pattern of organismal performance in the landscape seveals two key issues. First, certain organisms are fundamentally linked, spatially and temporally, to pr ttl tt incarnations of ecosystems and are vulnerable to loss from disturbances and perturbations. To the extent that human society considers it a priority to maintain functional, viable examples of natural systems, direct efforts are required to sustain these systems and the most sensitive components of their biota. Secondly, this conceptual spectrum of organismal response to system perturbation and d Jation can be used to assess and monitor the degree to which the t i t and human activities are maintaining or degrading system integrity and diversity, act eatasly among those organisms least able to become reestablished once lost from the system. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 3 This obligate reliance on intact native systems and process regimes prevailing prior to Eurosettlement is called species conservatism. Conservatism embodies two interrelated tenants: (1) organisms differ in their tolerance of and response to disturbance, and (2) organisms display varying degrees of fidelity to intact habitats, process regimes, and site continuity. Conservatism can be can be codified along a continuum ranging from species obligately restricted to intact natural systems and process regimes — highly conservative species — to species whose presence is completely uncorrelated, or even negatively correlated, with these factors — non-conservative species. Non- native taxa, because they have no role in native systems, cannot have conservatism and are conceptually excluded. Organismal performance along this spectrum of species conservatism can be numerically ranked and used to assess overall system condition and performance through time. Assigning an integer value to each taxon of the vascular vegetation, ranging from 0 for species with no inherent conservatism to 10 for species that are fundamentally conservative, results in a valuable tool for gleaning insights into our landscape. pe careful, disciplined assessment of the observed performance of each species in the cont it, these valuations can be assigned by experienced, botanically astute field biologists with a good sense of local ecosystems. The collective response of the components of the vegetation can then be used to derive meaningful information regarding the degree to which the system is maintaining itself, particularly its least replaceable components, through time. As an example, in Missouri Common Ragweed, Ambrosia artemisijfolia, although a native plant that can occur in our finest natural areas (albeit in low numbers), occurs in virtually any habitat, including newly cleared land and highly disturbed environments. This fundamental lack of conservatism results in a conservatism ranking (C value) of 0. At the other end of the spectrum, Epiphytic Sedge, Carex decomposita, is restricted to high quality sinkhole ponds with intact hydrological regimes and a consistent suite of obligate wetland associates; once the species and its seedbank are lost from a pond, it is unlikely to become reestablished. This obligate fidelity to intact systems with direct linkage to pre-Eurosettlement site conditions and processes results in a C value of Within this spectrum, every taxon in the vegetation can be assigned a numerical rating based solely on its observed ecological performance, but exclusive of perceptions of rarity, jurisdictional protection, end d status, apr utility to humans or wildlife, toxicity, or other extraneous factors. In essence, the mind-boggling complexity of the responses of the more than 2000 taxa of native plants comprising our local systems is distilled into 11 different types of plants representing 11 ranks of relative conservatism. Note that species conservatism is a fundamental attribute independent of natural community type. Many conservative taxa occur in multiple community types, probably at least in part because natural community classification is an attempt to create discrete types among an essential continuum by evaluating post-Eurosettlement examples, with little detailed | ledge about the positi structure, and dynamics of the original systems. A simple approach to understanding the concept of conservatism is to consider a C value to represent the degree of confidence that a given plant comes from an area with a high degree of remnant integrity. For example, if presented with a specimen of Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), although it sometimes occurs in high quality sites, one would have no assurance that the plant in hand originated from such an area, since the species also occurs as a ubiquitous weed th hout the contemr y landscape. Since no degree of assurance about the quality of the site is imputed from the presence of this plant, it would receive a C value of 0. On the other hand, if one Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 4 were presented with a specimen of Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), there would be a likelihood that it came from an area with a degree of remnant integrity, although this species is capable of surviving some disturt and even 1 suitable sites. With the potential but not certainty that the specimen was from an area with remnant native diversity and context, it would receive a middle C value, in this case 5. At the other end of the spectrum, the presence of Showy Lady’s Slipper (Cypripedium reginae) conveys near certainty of habitat integrity, resulting in a C value of 10. In practice, plants with C values of 0-3 are native weeds and disturbance-adapted plants, displaying high eae potential for occupancy of disturbed sites. These taxa are typically well adapted to the cont t outside of their pre-Eurosettlement system context. Plants with C values of 4-6 are edly matrix species in intact habits, with some limited ability to adapt to disturt and repopulate areas from which they have been expunged. Plants with C values of 7-10 are considered conservative, with high fidelity to intact habitats. Because of the complex relationships and interdependencies among biota in intact habitats, an inherent assumption of FQA is that there is a correlation between high quality systems as ranked by their vegetation and high quality and viability among other organismal groups. While this is an incompletely tested and imperfect assumption, in practice it seems to represent a fundamental attribute. In the future, similar ranking systems for nee organismal groups, particularly invertebrates, could provide additional insights into this rel FQA serves as a metric to assess and monitor natural habitats much as a temperature gauge provides information from which one can make assumptions about the function and performance of an engine. Two misdirected criticisms have been directed toward FQA. The first objects to the perceived subjectivity of the system, arising from the discomfiture of empirical assignment of C values to the flora. In theory, the same relative ranking could undoubtedly be derived in time with sufficient sampling and ordination among data sets, but in practice the expense and time in accomplishing this would be nearly prohibitive. More fundamentally, such criticism fails to account for the fact that all applied systems designed to provide feedback to guide management and conservation efforts are by definition subjective. Recently, Matthews et al. (2015) tested and confirmed the overall consistency and utility that can be derived from assigned C values. While ecological data are themselves value-neutral, the decision to manage a system for its remnant integrity or to sustain its biota requires subjective assessments as to the desired end state. In most monitoring and ts, this subjectivity is derived through determining a discrete goal in terms of structure, composition, diversity, or other attributes. An inherent fallacy of this is that we have little detailed information regarding the diversity, composition, structure, or range of dynamism in our native systems, and what data do exist are derived from sites and conditions influenced, passively or actively, by centuries of post-Eurosettlement impacts. Thus, establishing arbitrary goals for desired condition, composition, or end state based on preconceived notions of natural communities risks stressing the system beyond the constrained dynamism to which it is attuned and resilient, with corresponding losses of diversity, particularly among the least replaceable elements of the system. Another risk is that attempts to maximize rare or target species may weaken system resiliency and long term viability. In FQA, empirical information about the ecological performance of individual species in the t y tt is consistent, dispassionate, and preloaded without regard to preconceptions. In essence, it acknowledges that there are large data gaps in our knowledge of native vegetation and that all we can attempt is to carry assemblages of biota through time in self-sustaining interactive arrays, with special consideration for those elements that are most sensitive to loss and that Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 5 once lost are least able to be reestablished. Emphasizing a system-level focus as driven by the collective Tesponse of ne ie it biota ‘tainties and avoids potentially and i tably rigid goals. I ‘f FE Another criticism directed at FQA is that an emphasis on conservative species drives management actions towards maximizing conservative species presence, with the unstated corollary that this risks losses in collective system diversity and viability. In practice, the presence of a diversity of conservative organisms depends on a healthy, functional system with a full complement of diversity to ensure system function and viability. Thus, FQA-driven protocols are actually more reflective of long term synecological integrity, resiliency, and system health. Effective FQA requires incorporation of the full spectrum of an organismal group — in this case vascular vegetation — into the assessment protocol. In turn this requires experienced field practitioners who can identify to species or infraspecific level the elements of the flora at the time of sampling, whether or not they are fertile. Identification only to generic level will prevent effective use of FQA, since many genera (e.g. Carex, Dichanthelium, Rubus, Symphyotrichum) include taxa spanning the full spectrum of conservatism. Since many genera in our flora include both native and introduced taxa, generic information alone is essentially useless. To be effective, the development of C values must be conducted in an intellectually rigorous atmosphere exclusively within the region for which FQA is being developed (in this case the state of Missouri), considering the entirety of habitats and regions within the region, without taking into account the distribution and performance of the organism outside of the region. Inevitably a few anomalous examples occur when evaluating the ecological performance of each element of the flora within a state spanning multiple ecoregions. In some cases, a plant may occur as a native in one part of the state and as an introduced element in another. In these cases, the plant is regarded as native, but its disturbance tolerance and adaptability are reflected in the assigned C value. An exception to this is Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), for which there are separate entries and acronyms for native and introduced populations, as explained in the annotated comments preceding the list. In a few cases, for species with limited data regarding their presence in Missouri, or for those that are known primarily from historic data, or for taxa associated with habitats that have been wholly expunged or degraded since settlement (e.g. canebreaks, pineries, sand prairies), placeholder rankings were assigned based on existing data, sometimes with consultation from experts or field biologists from bordering regions. In practice, these taxa will seldom be encountered in assessments. APPLICATION OF FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT This checklist can be used to apply Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) to assess floristic integrity in Missouri, using several calculated parameters. The list can be accessed online as a tool for FQA calculations (Freyman & Masters 2013). Parameters derived through FQA include: Native and total diversity (species richness) Mean coefficient of conservatism (mean C value, or C), and frequency distribution among conservatism classes Floristic Quality Index (FQT) Frequency distribution among physiognomic classes Number and relative composition of native and introduced taxa Relative importance values by taxon and physiognomic class Wetness ratings Ne STD Oye Each of these parameters, and their application in assessing and monitoring natural vegetation, is discussed in the following section. e N wd + wn Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 6 NATIVE AND TOTAL DIVERSITY. Species diversity is an important aspect of system integrity and can be analyzed on multiple scales for a given site. Compiling a comprehensive list of the vascular flora of a site provides insights into the universe of taxa that can potentially participate in the vegetation of any given subunit. If quadrat-based or other quantitative sampling is also conducted at the site, some concept of per-unit-area diversity will emerge. The two values together provide coarse information about site integrity: a site with relatively high overall native diversity but very low per-quadrat diversity typically indicates past perturbation but overall in situ recovery potential. Sites with low overall diversity and low or moderate per-quadrat diversity likely have limited recovery potential without direct restoration of ex situ plant materials, unless there is significant untapped diversity in the seed bank, as occurs in some wetland soils. The presence of large numbers of introduced taxa indicates past impacts and the potential to impede recovery; in practice, high numbers of introduced taxa are also reflected by declines in native diversity, particularly among conservative taxa. MEAN C VALUE. This is derived by adding the total C values for all native taxa and dividing by the number of species, C= £C'~"/N], where N is the native species richness. This provides an indication of the degree to which the vegetation has affinities to intact remnants. In practice, a representative 10-acre tract in the majority of the Missouri landscape will have a mean C value below 3; sites with mean C values above 4 have some level of remnant integrity, and levels above 5 are of high conservation significance. FLORISTIC QUALITY INDEX. This is a weighted index of species richness obtained by multiplying the mean C value by the square root of the native diversity [FQI = C(VN)]. This provides a key indicator of vegetation integrity, since it combines both quality and richness. Forty years of tt work in Mid t have d trated that FQI values provide fundamental insights into the diversity, PolienGy, and floristic integrity of an area, and that changes in FQI values correlate with meaningful changes i in system health and diversity. In practice, increases in FQI d ited during toration efforts in remnant systems typically result from increases in diversity, since mean C values seldom shift significantly. This serves as a back door validation of the concept of conservatism, reinforcing the high fidelity of highly conservative taxa to intact sites, and their irreplaceability once lost from the system. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AMONG PHYSIOGNOMIC CLASSES. By assigning a physiognomic class to every taxon in the Missouri flora, the checklist allows assessments of vegetation by physiognomic class. This can be particularly helpful in monitoring the recovery of degraded systems with remnant floristic integrity that are undergoing restoration. For example, the ground layer of a fire-starved, overgrown woodland such as commonly occurs throughout much of the Ozark region today will have very low levels of graminoid and forb presence, and a proliferation of tolerant woody taxa. This condition strongly contrasts with information about the pre-Eurosettlement character of Ozark woodlands, which are universally described as open and largely brush free, with a prominent graminoid and forb component (Ladd 1991, 2014). With the restoration of an ecologically appropriate fire regime and resulting increased light at the ground level, many of these sites have sufficient remnant diversity to show significant increases in both diversity and presence of grasses, sedges, and forbs. NATIVE AND INTRODUCED TAXA. The checklist designates each taxon growing in Missouri as either native or introduced, allowing rapid evaluation of the proportion of a site’s flora that is native. As used here, native refers to those taxa that were a component of the vegetation of the region prior to Eurosettlement of North America, while introduced refers to those taxa that have become established in Missouri after that period. In theory, the presence of a diversity of non-native taxa is not necessarily deleterious to floristic integrity, but in practice this is invariably reflective of physical disturbance or altered process regimes and associated losses among conservative native taxa. Although the presence of introduced taxa may or may Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 7 not be directly causing impacts to native vegetation, the ability to track presence and diversity of introduced taxa through time, at both site and quadrat levels, can be a valuable metric for tracking system response, particularly when this information is correlated with other outputs from FQA. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE VALUES. A useful output from FQA is the ability to use quadrat- based or other quantitative sampling methods to assess vegetation composition and response. In addition to information regarding C values and floristic quality indices, information about relative importance provides more nuanced insights into system character and change through time. This can provide feedback about recovery of impacted areas, such as by monitoring the aggregate importance values of native versus introduced taxa, or by assessing the degree to which a few species dominate overall vegetation — usually associated with impacted systems. It should be emphasized that, given the lack of information about prevalence, cover, and dominance relationships among the flora of intact systems, care should be taken to avoid pre-determining “optimum” compositional levels. Rather, importance value data can be tracked in association with FQA and C value data and used to develop insights into the relationship — in effect letting system response tell us the range of conditions under which the collective biota, with emphasis on sustaining the least replaceable elements, can be carried through time in interactive, self-replicating arrays. WETNESS RATINGS. As described later in this work, each taxon in the checklist is assigned a wetness rating largely based on protocols developed to designate jurisdictional wetlands for regulatory purposes (Lichvar 2012). Site floristic inventory data can be used to derive mean wetness ratings for vegetation, resulting in a metric that can be used to delineate sensitive wetlands and also to track aggregate wetness through time. Experience has demonstrated that many native systems become wetter with appropriate restoration and management, as manifested by their vegetation. This presumably reflects the restoration of intact hydrological regimes associated with the increased infiltration and water holding capacity of a rhizosphere characterized by an abundance of deep-rooted perennials. a _ CHECKLIST: RATIONALE AND METHODS In establishing a user-friendly FQA system for Missouri, some unique challenges must be surmounted. The last comprehensive single-volume treatment of the Missouri flora, Julian Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri (1963), is out of print and largely unavailable to modern workers. Recent advances in taxonomy and molecular biology have rendered the nomenclature and taxonomic concepts used in this work outdated for many species and genera and even at the family level. Additionally, several hundred taxa have been added to the state’s flora since Steyermark’s time. George Yatskievych has recently completed the final volume of his epic Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri (1999, 2006, 2013), which this list attempts to follow as closely as ecological reality and nomenclatural changes will allow (see below). The intervals between volumes of Yatskievych’s work means that some of the species concepts and nomenclature applied in volume one are now outdated, although they are adhered to here unless it would impair the functionality of the application of the list for FQA. Gleason and Cronquist’s (1991) regional flora does not include the Ozark region of the state; the Flora of the Great Plains (1986) is similarly incomplete in its coverage for Missouri. This creates problems for field workers, since there is no single updated source to which they can refer for information on the identification, nomenclature, ecology, and distribution of the Missouri flora. While a simple checklist and database cannot remedy this, derivation of an updated and attributed list of the flora can be a valuable tool for a variety of field workers. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 8 NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMIC CONCEPTS In developing this list, we have attempted as much as possible to remain congruent with the nomenclature and species concepts of Yatskievych (1999, 2006, 2013). Significant deviations from this bear explanation, and are discussed below and in the annotated comments to the checklist. e Subspecific taxa are recognized only to the extent that they are clearly distinguishable in the field and provide meaningful ecological or distributional information. Use of variety versus subspecies is based on prevailing convention and does not imply judgment as to appropriate level of designated rank. The genus Panicum sensu lato (including Dichanthelium), as treated by Yatskievych (1999) and Freckmann and Lelong (2003), does not accurately reflect the morphological entities, ecological performance, and taxonomic relationships of the group in Missouri. Time and again, morphologically and ecologically distinct and consistent entities are subsumed into broad “species,” in the process disenfranchising meaningful ecological information about habitat affinities and distinctness that are of value in assessing vegetation and habitat conditions. Recent studies (e.g. Thomas 2008) and detailed field assessments support maintaining some narrower species concepts within the group. Correspondingly, two nomenclatural combinations are validated here for taxa of Dichanthelium that are distinct species from both ecological and morphological perspectives. Both were published in Mohlenbrock (2014) but lacked citation of the basionym reference, rendering them invalid according to Article 41.5 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012). We have discussed this with Bob Mohlenbrock and he has agreed to validate the names here, thus both combinations should be cited as "Mohlenbrock in Ladd & Thomas" or simply as "Mohlenbrock." Dichanthelium ashei (T.G. Pearson ex Ashe) Mohlenbrock, comb. nov. Panicum ashei T.G. Pearson ex Ashe, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 15: 35. 1898. aCe commutatum var. ashei (T.G. Pearson ex Ashe) Fernald, Rhodora 36: 83. 1934. Dichanth ar. ashei (T.G. Pearson ex Ashe) Mohlenbrock, Erigenia 6: 26. 1985. Dichantheli subsp. ashei (T.G. Pearson ex Ashe) Freckmann & Lelong, Sida 20: 169. 2002. LECTOTYPE: (Hitchcock & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 15: 301. 1910 [as “duplicate of the type”, corrected in Freckmann & Lelong, Sida 20: 169. 2002]): USA. New York. Tompkins Co.: Ithaca, Jul 1898, WW. Ashe s.n. (USI; isolectotype: MO!). Panicum ashei Pearson ex Ashe was maintained as a distinct species until Fernald (1934) included it as a variety within Panicum commutatum. Fernald’s defense in doing so rests on his finding exceptions to the characters utilized in the keys constructed by Hitchcock and Chase (1910) to distinguish between P. ashei, P. commutatum, and P. joorii. While we agree that the primary characters used to differentiate these three species have occasional exceptions, this does not invalidate them as distinct species; characters in keys being a different matter than the innate nature of the species themselves. This is one of many such groups in the genus that require a close familiarity in the field throughout their range in order to fully grasp the nature and extent of the entities within. The inability to fully describe why a particular taxon is distinct in all cases and at all times does not make it indistinct and the placement of such taxa at an infraspecific rank often detracts from their evolutionary, floristic, and ecological significance. Dichanthelium ashei typically differs from D. commutatum and D. joorii by having a more erect habit, with vernal leaves less than 12 mm wide and symmetrical leaf bases. The pubescence characters of the sheaths and internodes for sect. Commutata, long perpetuated in taxonomic keys, are not reliable and likely responsible for much of the confusion in this group. Dichanthelium ashei occurs in drier habitats than closely related species throughout its range. Several floras, including Freckmann and Lelong (2003), provide adequate keys and descriptions to these taxa, irrespective of rank. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 9 Dichanthelium werneri (Scribn.) Mohlenbrock, comb. nov., Panicum werneri Scribn., Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 3: 501. 1898. Panicum linearifolium var. werneri (Scribn.) Fernald, Rhodora 23: 194. 1921. amicus Strict subvar. werneri (Scribn.) Farw., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 44 1928. ar. werneri (Scribn.) Mohlenbr., Erigenia 6: 26. 1985. TYPE: USA. Ohio. Lake County: Banewalle 1889, WC. Werner 60 (holotype: US!) There has always been uncertainty surrounding this entity, largely stemming from a lack of field familiarity. Clarity is gained when one approaches the group with the understanding that true Dichanthelium linearifolium can be glabrous, D. werneri can be quite pubescent (including its sheaths) and aside from spikelet length, every other character of D. werneri is more similar to D. depauperatum than to D. linearifolium. This last point was also made by Hitchcock and Chase (1910) but largely ignored by subsequent authors. We discovered this odd relationship while conducting vegetation monitoring in pineland restoration sites across the southern Ozarks of Missouri. Faced with the difficult task of identifying plants in sterile condition, with trial and error we eventually found several solid field characters to distinguish what we were then calling D. depauperatum and D. linearifolium. Later, when autumnal spikelets emerged, we noted that roughly half of our putative D. depauperatum plants lacked the requisite large size and beak of D. depauperatum spikelets. Because many of these plants with small, beakless spikelets were glabrous (at least on the sheaths), they would readily key to D. linearifolium var. werneri. However, since we had become so familiar with their distinct morphological expressions, it was clear that they were distinct from both D. linearifolium and D. depauperatum. Several years of field work and verification of herbarium material has solidified our concept of D. werneri as a consistently distinct species in Missouri. Furthermore, D. werneri has more fidelity to high quality acidic woodland communities in Missouri. The following key is based on field characters of Missouri material: 1. Ligule of largest vernal leaves 3-6 times wider than its longest point and usually backed by a pilose adaxial leaf surface; all vernal leaves flattened; leaves thin, green to blue-green, and often distributed on stems above the base of the plant D. linearifolium 1. Ligule of largest vernal leaves many times wider than long (thus a short distinct line of hairs) and usually backed by a glabrate adaxial leaf surface; occasional vernal leaves with a distinct rounded “M” cross section; leaves often thicker, deeper green, and strongly basally disposed ......... D. werneri Even beyond Dichanthelium, many concepts of early authors (¢.g., Rydberg 1932) seem to reflect valid taxonomic entities with meaningful ecological distinctions. The contemporary trend to minimize the import of disciplined field work seems often to result in sterile, broadly generalized floristic treatments derived largely or exclusively from herbarium studies, with resultant loss of the essential insights that can only accrue from long familiarity with organisms in their habitats. The treatment of Rubus in Missouri has undergone a dramatic transformation between Steyermark (1963) and Yatskievych (2013). The current taxonomy better reflects the ecological ia morphological entities in the state, and recent field work has begun to elucidate an ding of the abund. tecol and distributions of these taxa. This is not to say we fully understand Rubus but that we have a much better handle on the questions. For many species in the genus, we have included annotated comments that may prove helpful. e In a few cases (e.g. Carex tribuloides, Strophostyles helvola), treatment of a species in Yatskievych (1999, 2006, 2013) obscures significant ecological and taxonomic distinctions reflected by the autecological patterns of plants within Missouri. In these instances, we recognize infraspecific taxa that seem to consistently exhibit distinct patterns of morphology, ecology and biogeography, with explanatory annotations. Few hybrids are included; their inclusion is somewhat capricious and restricted to fertile hybrids or entities whose presence at a site seems to convey information about habitat ecology or quality. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 10 This is probably somewhat related to the extent to which we have worked with various plant groups and are familiar with their constancy and performance in the field. Family assignments for each plant largely follow the concepts of Yatskievych (1999, 2006, 2013). Common names are provided for each taxon included in the list. These are an imperfect attempt to provide a standardized usage and eliminate ambiguities. Within these constraints, names are based largely on prevailing use within Missouri. Common names are not duplicated, except for a few pairs of infraspecific taxa that are not typically distinguished from one another by non-specialists. SYNONYMY Entries for each taxon in the list also include information regarding the treatment and names used in each of the following works: Steyermark (1963), USDA Plants (2014), and Yatskievych (1999, 2006, 2013). These cross-references are not taxonomic judgments or sweeping pronouncements on nomenclatural transpositions. They are simply a tool to allow the user to conceptually align names applied among different treatments encompassing the Missouri flora. The synonymy cross-reference is valid only for the individual works cited and may not be valid for the same name used by another author. An exclamation mark in a synonymy column (i.¢., !) indicates that the name in this list is the same as the name used in the reference to which the column refers. If the exclamation mark is in parentheses, this indicates that the names are congruent but that the author, while mentioning the taxon, did not attribute it to the Missouri flora. The designation “in part” in the synonymy columns indicates that the work in question includes what we consider to be multiple taxa under the name cited; typically this relates to infraspecific taxa. In some cases, recent work has revealed multiple taxa that previously would have been conceptually included under the name indicated, even though the names are not technical synonyms. ACRONYMS Each recognized taxon in the Missouri flora is assigned a standardized six-letter acronym. For species lacking multiple infraspecific taxa in the state, the acronym is usually composed of the first three letters of the genus followed by the first three letters of the specific epithet (i.e. “TAROFF” for Taraxacum officinale). In cases where multiple taxa would have the same default acronym, non- intuitive acronyms are used to prevent inadvertent recording of the wrong name in the field. Where possible, pneumonic or other aids are incorporated into non-intuitive acronyms (i.e. “ACESIL” for Acer saccharinum — Silver Maple, and “ACESUx” for various infraspecific taxa of Acer saccharum — Sugar Maple). For consistency, the few genera that have non-intuitive acronyms involving their genus names are used consistently for all members of that genus, e.g., all acronyms for Euphorbia begin with “EPH” (because of potential acronym overlap with taxa of Eupatorium), and acronyms for Physalis begin with “PHSA.” All Carex taxa have acronyms beginning with “CX” instead of the first three letters of the genus. Species with multiple infraspecific taxa occurring in the state are also coded with non- intuitive acronyms to ensure correct data entry — in most cases these are composed of the first three letters of the genus followed by the first two letters of the specific epithet and the first letter of the infraspecific taxon. Non-intuitive acronyms used in this checklist are designated with a dagger symbol: + Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 1] PHYSIOGNOMY, NATIVITY, AND WETNESS Each taxon in this list is assigned a physiognomic classification, based on its prevailing life history traits within Missouri (but not necessarily rangewide). These categories are e annual forb biennial forb perennial forb annual grass perennial grass annual sedge perennial sedge fern (including all vascular cryptogams) shrub tree woody vine Each taxon in the list is further characterized as native or adventive. Native taxa are those that were a part of the pre-Eurosettlement vegetation dynamics in the plant communities within what is now Missouri. Adventive species are those that are not part of any stable pause pele of vegetation but that have been introduced to the Missouri flora, dentally or tely, since Eurosettlement. These taxa are typically adapted to and in some cases dependent on, the process regimes and perturbations modern society imposes on the landscape. In some cases, the nativity of a taxon in Missouri is unclear. Changing climate patterns, increased vectors for dispersion, and other factors have resulted in some anomalous patterns of species behavior. These include recent discoveries of southeastern taxa not typically thought of as invasive (e.g. Cladium mariscus subsp. jamaicense, Eupatorium album), as well as recent dramatic increases in distribution of taxa previously considered conservative (e.g. Eupatorium rotundifolium, Tipularia discolor). In these instances, we have made the designations on a case-by-case basis from an analysis of their ecological performance in Missouri, largely based on field experience, as well as biogeographic patterns and literature data, particularly in light of whether a taxon has a native context or is a regular component of any native vegetation types. A few North American weeds, particularly from areas to the west, may have been introduced to Missouri by Native Americans immediately prior to actual Eurosettlement, but these taxa are typically coded as adventive where they clearly demonstrate the obligate synecological patterns of introduced taxa. Where concepts of nativity in this list differ from Yatskievych (1999, 2006, 2013), explanatory annotation are provided. Every taxon in the list is assigned one of 5 wetness coefficients, based on Lichvar (2012, 2013) and Lichvar et al. (2014). Wetness coefficients are expressed numerically in odd integers ranging from -5 through 0 to +5; each category has a named designation, as shown below on a scale of decreasing wetness. -5 OBL obligate wetland 3 FACW facultative wetland 0 FAC facultative 3 FACU facultative upland 5 UPL upland For wetland delineation purposes, Lichvar (2012) has divided the continental USA into seven regions. Wetness ratings are assigned to individual taxa within each region. Missouri comprises parts of three of these regions: (1) Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain (AGP); (2) Eastern Mountains and Piedmont (EMP); and (3) Midwest (MW). The assigned wetness designations for each of these Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 12 regions are provided in Table 3 in ALL CAPS. In instances where a designation was not provided for a taxon in a given region, the wetness designation is provided in small case. Generally, for undesignated entries across all three regions encompassing Missouri, the default rating is upland. For taxa where there is an assigned wetness rating in one or two of the three regions, a default rating is assigned to the other region(s) for consistency. The final wetness column in Table 3 provides a recommended statewide wetness rating based on each taxon’s overall ecological pattern in Missouri. Where different regions encompassing parts of Missouri have different wetness ratings for the same taxon, field knowledge of the plant’s habitat proclivities and degree of obligate fidelity to wetlands was used to assign the rating. If this assigned rating falls outside of the range of federally provided ratings for the individual regions, it is included within [brackets]. In these cases the ecological performance for a taxon is notably and consistently different from that provided by its regional wetness rating(s). Wetness designations often differ inexplicably among adjacent regions, and in Missouri- involved regions some of the recent adjustments to ratings (Lichvar 2013, Lichvar et al. 2014) have not been improvements over the original ratings of Lichvar (2012). For example, Camassia scilloides, the comely wild hyacinth of our glades and woodlands, is variously rated as facultative or facultative wetland for the regions that include parts of Missouri, despite its seemingly obligate predilection for uplands throughout its Missouri range. In an even more egregious example, depending on the region within Missouri, Andropogon gyrans, a characteristic species of xeric sterile uplands throughout the state, is variously rated upland, facultative, or obligate wetland! One would think that wetness ratings differing so markedly in adjacent regions would trigger skepticism and further inquiry, but such is not the case. Figure 1. Wetness distribution of Missouri flora, as proportion within native and adventive cohorts @ Native % of cohort m Adventive OBL FACW FAC FACU UPL Wetness categfory (> decreasing wetness) Proportional wetness distribution of the flora, sorted by national wetland rating categories, is shown in Figure 1. This clearly demonstrates the increased wetland affinities among our native flora. Nearly half (43.5%) of the native flora is rated facultative or wetter, whereas only 16% of the adventive component of our flora is similarly adapted to wetland environments. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 13 SUMMARY OF THE MISSOURI FLORA Of the 2,961 vascular taxa comprising the Missouri flora, 906 (30.6%) are considered to be non-native. The physiognomic profile of the native and adventive components of the flora is shown in Figure 2. These data reveal starkly distinct physiognomic patterns between the native and adventive components of the flora. Our native flora, reflecting millennia of constrained dynamism that characterized the post-glacial, pre-Eurosettlement period, is overwhelmingly dominated by perennials: 80% of the flora is composed of woody plants or herbaceous perennials, while only 20% is annual or biennial. On the other hand, fully 50% of the adventive flora consists of annual or biennial herbaceous taxa, reflecting the opportunistic nature of these plants, which are typically adapted to frequent and/or intense disturbance. The most striking difference between native and adventive components of the flora is the disparity in perennial sedges, with proportionally ten times as many native perennial sedges as there are adventives with this physiognomy. Figure 2, Physiognomic distribution of the Missouri flora by native and adventive cohorts Native Adventive Physi ic Class # % of cohort # % of cohort Annual Forb 300 14.6 336 37.1 Annual Grass 43 pal 65 ae Annual Sedge 30 1.5 7 0.8 Biennial Forb 44 2.1 46 5.1 Perennial Forb 904 44.0 239 26.4 Perennial Grass 159 V7 64 7. Perennial Sedge 204 9.9 10 : Ferm 73 3.6 gs 2 hrub 114 a 77 Bs ree 145 71 47 52 Woody Vine 39 1.9 13 1.4 Totals 2,055 906 Distribution of C values among the Missouri flora are depicted in Figure 3. Nearly half of the flora (45%) can be categorized as conservative, with a C value of 7 or more. pystems woh good representation of these taxa are highly restricted in both area and abund in the fi 1, highly disturbed contemporary landscape, although they presumably were dominant in the pre- Eurosettlement period. The 19% of the flora consisting of plants with low C palace We 3), the mie weeds and disturbance-adapted plants, are collectively abundant and di our modern vegetation, reflecting the frequency and severity of impacts and ecologically el disturbances that prevail today. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 14 Figure 3. C value distribution of the Missouri Flora (n=2,055) Number of Taxa C value CONCLUSION An annotated, ecologically-focused checklist of the Missouri flora provides a readily accessible, comprehensive account reflecting the performance of the state’s vascular plants in the contemporary landscape. The assignment of C values to each element of the flora allows application of Floristic Quality Assessment tools to inform site assessments, habitat surveys, vegetation studies, and land management decisions. ANNOTATED COMMENTS FOR CHECKLIST TAXA This section includes comments and discussions for the individual taxa that are included in the checklist presented in Tables 1-3. Entries are arranged alphabetically by taxon and are referenced in Table 1 by a superscripted triangle (*) following the species name. Acer rubrum var. trilobum - Distinguished by small, prominently three-lobed leaves with rounded bases; typically occurring as small multi-coppiced trees in upland gravel washes in the southeastern Ozarks and often defining the community type. Achillea millefolium - Although considered to be introduced in earlier versions of this work, recent evidence indicates that local populations are mostly part of a complex native to North America, although some of our material may be represent Old World escapes. Agrostis perennans vars. aestivalis and perennans - Var. aestivalis is taller than var. perennans, with fewer stems per plant and a lax inflorescence. The spikelets are up to 2 mm long, on pedicels that are 1-3 times longer than the spikelets (in var. perennans the spikelets are 2-3 mm long on pedicels no longer than the spikelets). Var. aestivalis occurs in high quality shaded wetlands in the Ozarl Agrostis stolonifera - This plant is problematic, inasmuch as European strains are widely planted in turf grass mixtures and escape to a broad range of disturbed sites and moisture conditions. However, some of our finest fens and seepage wetlands along streams and spring branches have populations of a smaller, more lax variant of this species, which we are at times inclined to regard as potentially native. It might be more accurate in the future to recognize two elements within in the group, but further study is needed. Allium canadense and A. mutabile - In our experience, Allium mutabile is a distinctive species of high quality xeric rocky areas and is characterized by an expanded inflorescence of well-developed Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 15 pink flowers and a lack of asexual bulblets. This is in stark contrast to A. canadense, which is common in more mesic disturbed/weedy sites and primarily reproduces by asexual bulblets. Amaranthus blitoides - Although Yatskievych (2006) has suggested this species is native in Missouri, it is not part of any native habitat or vegetation assemblage. All of our populations are associated with severely disturbed sites and are likely introduced from further west. 4 ofl - Although Yatskievych (2006) has implied that this taxon is native in Missouri, various authors regard it as either native or introduced from Tropical America. In Missouri, the plant is almost certainly an introduced weed, occurring only in areas with recent severe disturbance and never found in areas with any level of remnant integrity, in contrast to our native weeds such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Anemone acutiloba and A. americana - Although we have followed the prevailing nomenclatural fad, we would strongly prefer using the genus Hepatica for A. acutiloba and A. americana, there are strong morphological reason for doing so, and the original subsumption under Anemone (Hoot et al. 1994) reveals paraphyletic relationships that are unresolved by their data. Hepatica remains a distinct morphological and molecular lineage, and retention of the genus would more accurately reflect evolutionary and morphological reality. 4 fovth Ff - This entity performs ecologically as a distinct species and is perhaps better treated as A. medium Greene. It often forms large colonies in woodlands. Apocynum cannabinum - See notes under A. sibiricum. Apocynum sibiricum - Although subsumed under A. cannabinum by Yatskievych (2006) and others, this taxon is distinctive in its sessile to nearly sessile, broadly cordate, subcoriaceous lower leaves, and a predilection for prairie regions, as opposed to the narrower, petiolate leaves and woodland affinities of A. cannabinum. Unfortunately, taxonomic concepts in this group have been obfuscated by a predominance of herbarium specimens with only the upper portions of the plant that lack the diagnostic lower leaves. Both Weakley (2011) and Swink and Wilhelm (1994) consider this taxon distinct. y Press es ia vars. hastata and serpentaria - Although regarded as a “trivial variant" by Yatskievych (2006), in Missouri this element is dramatically distinct, with larger, narrowly lanceolate leaves and broadly hastate bases; it appears to be restricted to southeastern Missouri. Aristolochia serpentaria is sometimes searenaied as the genus Endodeca. Asclepias speciosa - Yatskievych (2006) has speculated that the single St. Louis county record of this western species may be native, but it is adventive in the Chicago region (Wilhelm 1994) and likely also in Missouri, especially as far eastward as St. Louis. Aureolaria flava var. calycosa - Although subsumed under A. flava by Yatskievych (2013), we consider this element to be distinct; it has a larger stature, with narrower, less dissected leaf segments and larger corollas than the typical variety. Var. calycosa is the most common element of the species in Missouri, occurring in dry and dry mesic wooded uplands on acidic substrates in the eastern and southern portions of the Missouri Ozarks. Aureolaria flava var. flava - This taxon is apparently restricted to somewhat mesic, often deeply shaded, dlands in the southeastern Missouri Ozarks. It has a smaller stature, slightly smaller corollas, and wider, more abundantly dissected leaves than does var. calycosa. Baptisia sphaerocarpa - While Yatskievych (2013) has suggested that some Missouri populations of this attractive and sometimes cultivated native of the south central USA may be native, others are known introductions. It seems more prudent to regard all Missouri material as introduced, as did Steyermark (1963). Bidens aristosa and B. polylepis - Although Yatskievych (2006) included Bidens polylepis within B. aristosa, we believe that the two elements are sufficiently distinct that some may wish to recognize Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 16 them as separate species: B. polylepis with 12 or more coarsely ciliate, often curled, outer involucral bracts usually exceeding the inner bracts, with smaller achenes; B. aristosa with typically less than 10 weakly ciliate outer involucral bracts shorter than the inner bracts, with larger achenes. Although they have similar ecologies, B. polylepis is the common element in the state, B. aristosa appears to be uncommon except in eastern Missouri. Bidens comosa and B. connata - Yatskievych (2013) united these taxa within B. tripartita, but locally it seems useful to recognize two entities, both distinct from the European B. tripartita, which has white-pubescent outer involucral bracts, as opposed to the glabrate to sparsely ciliate bracts of our native material. Bidens connata has 5-lobed, deep golden disk flowers with exserted stamens and achenes with bumpy or hairy midribs; B. comosa has 4-lobed, pale yellow disk flowers with included stamens and achenes with smooth midribs. Calamovilfa longifolia - Missouri records are historical from a few counties along the Missouri River and likely represent introductions from immediately to the west; see Thieret (1966). Carex aureolensis - As contrasted with the caespitose Carex frankii, with setiform pistillate and staminate scales, C. aureolensis is a rhizomatous plant with narrowly ovate, awned scales. Carex aureolensis is fairly well restricted to forested wetlands in the southeastern quarter of the state. Carex frankii is much more common and found in a very wide variety of mostly degraded, wet or moist habitats throughout the eastern United States. Carex cumberlandensis - This species occurs in southeastern Missouri, growing in mesic woodlands along streams and on lower slopes. It would probably key to C. abscondita in Yatskievych (1999) but differs in having distichously arranged perigynia and drooping lower spikes, as contrasted with the spirally arranged perigynia and erect lower spikes of C. abscondita. Carex frankii — See comments under C. aureolensis. Carex laxiculmis vars. copulata and laxiculmis - Although Yatskievych (1999) did not recognize infraspecific taxa in this species, the two varieties traditionally segregated have distinct morphologies and ecologies. Var. /axicuimis is strongly glaucous, with slightly broader leaves (to ca. 12 mm); var. copulata is green, with leaves to ca. 8 mm wide. Both taxa occur in high quality mesic woodlands in southern Missouri, but the typical variety seems to be more restricted to sandy floodplains and acidic seeps in the eastern sectors. Carex missouriensis - This species of prairie swales and wet prairies in the glaciated plains sections of Missouri would key to C. bicknellii var. opaca (= C. opaca) in Yatskievych (1999) but differs in the acuminate or awned tips of the scales, which are whitish or brownish and membranaceous, with the midvein becoming obscure distally; in C. opaca the scales are blunt to acuminate, with firm herbaceous tips and prominent midveins extending to the tips. Carex reznicekii - This species is very similar to C. wnbellata, to which it would key in Yatskievych (1999). It differs from C. umbellata in its lack of basal solitary pistillate spikes. Carex reznicekii differs from the similar C. nigromarginata in its subequal fertile culms and narrower leaves no more than 2.5 mm wide. It is known from a few mesic to dry-mesic wooded slopes in southeastern Missouri, but it may be overlooked in the state. Carex timida - Known from recent collecti from dolomite glades in southern and southwestern Missouri, this species would key to C. jamesii in Yatskievych (1999) but differs in having staminate scales more than 1.9 mm long and basal sheaths with reddish purple tinges. The beaks of the perigynia are smaller in relation to the body in C. timida as compared to the longer beaks of C. jamesii. Carex tribuloides vars. sang is and - In addition to the typical variety, which is common in moist woodlands, especially on floodplains, and has elongate perigynia three or more times longer than wide, there is a distinctive taxon, C. tribuloides var. sangamonensis, with perigynia ay Pee Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 17 less than three times longer than wide and in tighter heads, that occurs in slightly drier habits than the typical variety and has a more southwestern distribution, though there is significant range overlap. Carya glabra and c. uals = ‘alslaeyyeh (1999) has synonymized Carya ovalis with C. glabra. While some young livid or te specimens can be difficult to determine, there are two clear entities in Missouri: C. glabra, ‘with tight bark, persistent or partially splitting husks, and leaves consistently 5-foliolate; and C. ovalis with scaly or platey bark, fully dehiscent husks, and leaves consisting of seven leaflets. Carya ovalis is a characteristic tree of dry acidic woodlands in the Ozarks, growing on sterile ridges and upper slopes, while C. glabra tends to occur in somewhat more mesic habitats on lower and midslopes and occasionally along streams. Carya ovalis — See comments under C. glabra. Cenchrus spinifex - Although only recently documented in Missouri, this is a native component of the sand regions of the Sikeston Ridge in southeastern Missouri, growing in sand prairies and disturbed sandy areas. Although apparently a perennial, it can flower the first season. It is distinguished from C. longispinus by the 40 or fewer broad-based spines of the bur, as opposed to the 45 or more acicular spines of the burs of C. /ongispinus. Ch dis icola - Yatskievych (2006) has considered this species to be introduced in Missouri, but ic is likely that some of our sand prairie populations are native. Recent treatments in Illinois, Ohio, and Ontario regard this taxon as native. Cladium mariscus subsp. jamaicense - Although it is tempting to classify the Missouri population as native, we are tentatively considering it to be a recent introduction; see Namestnik et al. (2012). Cornus amomum subsp. obliqua - This taxon is probably better treated as a distinct species: C. obliqua Raf. Cornus foemina subspp. foemina and racemosa - Although we are following Yatskievych’s (2006) treatment of these taxa as subspecies, they seem sufficiently distinct to be treated as species: Cornus foemina Mill. and C. racemosa Lam. Crataegus collina - Included conceptually here is C. spes-aestatum, which Lance (2014) regards as a hybrid possibly involving C. collina. Crataegus schuettei - Local reports of C. macrosperma are tentatively referred here; see discussion on p. 912 of Yatskievych (2013). Cuscuta obtusiflora var. glandulosa - This dodder would key to C. gronovii in Yatskievych (2006) but differs in the smaller (to 2 mm long) flowers, as opposed to the 2-4 mm long flowers of C. gronovii. It is known from moist sites along streams in the Ozarks, growing on a variety of hosts including Cephalantt identalis and Justicia americana. Dichanthelium angustifolium - Absent from both Steyermark (1963) and Yatskievych (1999), this primarily coastal plain species occurs occasionally in dry sandstone habitats of prairies in the western and southwestern Missouri. While D. angustifolium is sometimes treated as a subspecies of D. aciculare, it is sufficiently distinct in morphology and habitat to warrant its treatment as a species. It grows in small clumps with long-linear leaves equally distributed along the vernal culm. The spikelets are 2.2-2.5 mm long, blunt tipped (like a small D. oligosanthes), with slightly attenuate primary glumes. It is most distinct when the previous year’s stem can be located because the density and extent to which the nodes fasciculate surpasses any other species in our flora. Dichanthelium ashei - This is a new combination addressed in the text of this paper. It replaces the name D. commutatum var. ashei. Dichanthelium bicknellii - We are using this name in the sense that Steyermark (1963) used Panicum bicknellii and Yatskievych (1999) has used Panicum boreale. Apparently this morpho-entity arises from hybrid events between members of Dichanthelium sect. Linearifolia and D. dichotomum or D. ashei. Those familiar with the combinations can readily place the parentage, though none of them Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 18 have ever been validly published. Thus, the name D. bicknellii is being used to cover an elaborate and undescribed breeding system until said system gains some element of taxonomic resolution and stability. Dichanthelium boreale is a traditional species that occurs outside Missouri’s boundaries. Dichanthelium columbianum - This species is thus far restricted to the sand prairie/woodland communities of the lower Mississippi floodplain in Missouri, where it often occurs as a dominant species. It is one of several species that are found along the Mississippi River as well as the coastal plain of the south, southeast, and the beach/dune communities of the Great Lakes. It is superficially similar to the D. lanuginosum complex but grows in much more dense clumps, has a ligule approximately one millimeter long, and lacks pubescence along the central third of the adaxial leaf surfaces of the vernal leaves. Dichanthelium dichot var. b - This variety is by far the more common of the two in Missouri. It can be distinguished by the presence of sparse to dense downward pointed hairs just above the nodes of the vernal stem (bearded nodes). It is very common in upland acidic woodlands and forests. The typical variety is extremely rare in Missouri, has wider leaves, lacks bearded nodes, and occurs in mesic to wet mesic habitats. There is little to no justification for maintaining them as varieties of the same species; they are clearly distinct entities. Dichanthelium Ce ga var. yadkinese - This taxon would be better treated as a distinct species: Iki (Ashe) M brock. It differs from the other varieties of D. dichotomum in havin yellow dots along the sheaths and its larger stature. It was only known from a single location in Missouri, which was destroyed by the Taum Sauk dam failure in 2005. Dichanthelium implicatum - Steyermark (1963) included this taxon in Missouri as a variety within the Panicum lanuginosum complex, while Yatskievych included it in his broad circumscription of P. var. i It differs from both D. lanuginosum and D. acuminatum in having a smaller stature, smaller (narrower and shorter) leaves with a long-villous pubescence along the adaxial surface, a very unique reflexed curvature to the vernal stem leaves in late summer and fall, smaller spikelets, and an affinity to high quality acidic upland woodlands and glades. There is no evidence supporting its inclusion in a broad concept of D. lanuginosum or D. acuminatum, and doing so obscures the ecological and evolutionary significance of each. Dichanthelium joorii - This has been a largely overlooked species in Missouri. Because of its intermediate morphology, it initially appears to represent hybridization or introgression between D. ashei and D. commutatum. However, it forms distinct populations with unique characters throughout eastern, southern, and southeastern North America. It has an erect habit with more evenly distributed leaves than either D. ashei or D. commutatum. It also tends to branch more and has leaves that are nearly symmetrical at the base and taper to a nearly acuminate tip. Plants tend to be lighter green than D. ashei or D. commutatum and occur in more mesic habitats than D. ashei. Field familiarity with this species alleviates impressions of morphological intermediacy between D. ashei and commutatum and brings resolution to the group. Dichenthelim lanuginosum - This species is what Steyermark (1963) referred to as Panicum var. Yatskievych (1999) utilized a broad concept of the Panicum acuminatum complex, the subordinates of which are all treated as species in the present work. Extensive unpublished research by the second author demonstrates that P. acuminatum, in the strict sense, is restricted to the coastal plain of the southeastern United States and that Dichanthelium lanuginosum, without varietal designation, is the most appropriate name for this very common species. It is found statewide in most habitats, with a particular affinity to disturbed old fields, woodland clearings, and prairies, where it can become dominant. Dichanthelium lindheimeri - This species is morphologically similar to D. lanuginosum but is glabrous throughout except for a few cilia on the margins of the leaf bases. Ecologically, it occurs in much wetter habitats than D. lanuginosum, where it can be confused with D. longiligulatum. Dichanthelium longiligulatum differs in having smaller leaves, a general lack of cilia on the leaf Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 19 margins, smaller spikelets, and a string-of-pearls fasciculation effect along the stem in the autumnal form. See also notes under D. longiligulatum. Dichanthelium longiligulatum - This species is usually found along the draw-down zone of ephemeral wetlands and pond margins. It appears to have a proclivity for acidic, sandy and clayey soils, where it grows in densely spaced clumps, with minimal competition from other plants. Being a morphological diminutive within the D. acwninatum complex, it is proportionally smaller than other related taxa in most regards. See also notes under D. lindheimeri. Dichanthelium perlongum - This is best treated as a distinct species in Missouri. It is found in high quality prairie and glade communities throughout the state and can be distinguished from other members of sect. Linearifolia by its large, blunt spikelets and often ascending inflorescence branches. Dichanthelium polyanthes - This is better treated as a distinct species instead of as a variety of P. sphaerocarpon as in Yatskievych (1999). It is a much larger plant with longer, stiffer leaves, and a denser inflorescence. Dichanthelium praecocius - This is better treated as a distinct species rather than any of the several lumpings to which it has been relegated within sect. Lanuginosa. It can be identified by its short habit, distinctly ascending leaves, precocious axillary inflorescence, and dark, stiff, villous pubescence. It is morphologically most similar to D. implicatum and D. villosissimum. It differs from D. implicatum in having longer spikelets (1.8—2.0 vs. 1.3—-1.6 mm) and is restricted to quality prairie remnants (D. implicatum is primarily a woodland species). It differs from D. villosissimum in having a shorter stature, narrower leaves, shorter spikelets, and a ligule longer than 2 mm. Dichanthelium villosissimum - This is a fairly common element of high quality acidic woodland and savanna communities in Missouri. It is readily identified by its densely villous pubescence and is also the largest member of sect. Lanuginosa. It superficially resembles D. praecocius but it is taller, has wider more spreading leaves, and a minute ring of ligule hairs that are visible under magnification. Dichanthelium werneri - This is a new combination addressed above. It replaces the name D. linearifolium var. werneri. Dichondra carolinensis - Despite Yatskievych's (2006) assertion that some Missouri populations are native, there is no supporting ecological evidence to indicate that this recent addition to the flora is anything but a weed spreading from the southeastern states. Weakley (2011) has mentioned the weedy tendencies of this plant throughout its USA range and characterized occurrences north of the region from Florida to Arkansas and Texas as adventive. Dirca palustris - Yatskievych (2013) recognizes a second taxon in Missouri, D. decipiens, supposedly characterized by pubescent twigs, persistently sessile or subsessile flowers, and distinctly lobed (as opposed to scalloped and undulate) calyx margins. We have been unable to reliably distinguish this element, and D. palustris is quite variable in this regard, so we consider all Missouri material to be referable to D. palustris. Echinacea angustifolia - This taxon was considered introduced in previous versions of this list, but a recent collection from a high quality loess hill prairie in northwestern Missouri appears to be native. The original St. Louis record cited in Steyermark (1963) and Yatskievych (2006) is still considered to be an introduction. Eleocharis compressa vars. acutisquamata and compressa - These two varieties of E. compressa are distinct and warrant ti Misunderstanding of the distinct infraspecific variants within this species and the £. tenuis complex may be the cause of confusion. Eleocharis compressa var. compressa has distinctly flattened culms whereas 7 var. acutisquamata has narrower, subterete culms that are slightly if at all ie 1. Variety appears to be a species of mesic to wet- mesic prairies in the Glaciated Plains of northern Missouri, Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 20 Eleocharis engelmannii - This complex of somewhat weedy tufted annual spike rushes was lumped into E. obtusa by Yatskievych (1999), with considerable discussion of the segregates. We are following Smith et al. (2002) and recognizing three species in the complex. The following key will facilitate determination of material in this section in Missouri. 1. Achenes appearing truncate, widest at or near summit, the tubercle broader than high and about as broad as the achene. 2. Tubercle a low deltoid, to 25% as tall as achene; the summit of the achene curving cular and + confluent with tubercle base 2. Tubercle nearly an equilateral triangle, >35% as tall as achene; the summit of the achene incurved under the tubercle base E. obtusa 1. Achenes broadly ovate, broadest well below summit, the tubercle higher than broad and notable narrower than the achene. 3. Tubercles to 0.5 mm wide; scales of spikelet obtuse to subacute oie E. ovata 3. Tubercles >0.5 mm wide; scales of distal half of spikelet acute E.1 lat Additionally, Eleocharis obtusa var. jejuna occurs in Missouri and is included here under E. obtusa; it is characterized by its diminutive size, capillary culms and small achenes. Eleocharis obtusa — See comments under E. engelmannii. Eleocharis ovata - See comments under E. engelmannii. Fy. | eee L ya — See comments under E. xyridiformis. Eleocharis tenuis var. atrata - While we are unsure of the precise nomenclature for the entity, there is a small-stemmed Eleocharis in the prairie regions of Missouri that is notably larger, with more longitudinal edges on the culm and darker achenes than E. verrucosa. Eleocharis xyridiformis - Included under most authors’ concepts of E. BCG aE this is a distinctive large spike rush with more robust and more i 1 culms than those of E. macrostachya. While the exact relationship to E. macrostachya is unknown, the entity merits recognition (Smith et al. 2002), which is currently available only at the species rank. Elymus churchii - This is a rare species in Missouri and is endemic to the Interior Highlands. It is superficially similar to E/ymus hystrix, but it has a nodding inflorescence, reflexed lemma awns, and well-developed glumes. It is found in calcareous woodlands in the White River Hills. Elymus curvatus - Both Steyermark (1963) and Yatskievych (1999) have used the name submuticus for this taxon (Steyermark as a species and Yatskievych as a variety of E. virginicus). However, when it is used at the rank of species the name E. curvatus has priority over E. submuticus. This is a very distinct member of the E. virginicus complex. It is morphologically distinct in having nodding, usually partially exerted inflorescences and short awn on the lemmas. It tends to occur in open, somewhat weedy/disturbed habitats. Elymus glabriflorus - We are puzzled that this species continues to be maintained as a variety of E. virginicus by many contemporary authors despite the vast morphological, ecological, and phenological differences between them. Elymus glabriflorus has a larger, fuller inflorescence that becomes fully exerted from the terminal sheath. The inflorescence of E. virginicus is almost always at least partially included in the terminal sheath and has shorter awns on the lemmas. Elymus glabriflorus is found in xeric to dry-mesic woodlands, prairies and old fields. Elymus virginicus is fairly restricted to mesic floodplain forests and woodlands. Lastly, E. glabriflorus blooms a week or two later than E. virginicus, which makes it three or more weeks later than E. macgregorii, with which it is also sometimes confused (see notes under E. macgregorii). Elymus jejunus - The recent treatment of Elymus in the Flora of North America (Barkworth et al. 2007) revives this name as a variety of E. virginicus. Once we understood its distinct morphology Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 2] and habitat in Missouri’s prairies, we began to question its reduction to varietal status under EF. virginicus. Morphologically, this taxon most closely resembles E. virginicus and E. glabriflorus. It differs from E. virginicus in having exerted inflorescences and a preference for upland, fully exposed habitats. It differs from E. glabriflorus, with which it is often syntopic, in its smaller stature and strongly two-ranked inflorescence with appressed spikelets, where E. glabriflorus is larger and has more open/bushy inflorescences. Elymus macgregorii - The description of this new species (Campbell 2000) and the subsequent treatment of E/ymus in the Flora of North America (Barkworth et al. 2007) have significantly clarified the Elymus virginicus complex. Elymus macgregorii is a common species which superficially resembles both E. virginicus and E. glabriflorus. It differs from E. virginicus in blooming two weeks earlier, with glaucous leaves and culms and inflorescences fully exerted from the terminal leaf. The inflorescence is also wider due to the longer spreading awns of the lemmas. Both occur commonly, and often together, in mesic wooded floodplains. Elymus glabriflorus blooms latest, has exerted inflorescences, and occurs in drier, more open habitats. Eupatorium album - This southern species has recently been collected in a pine restoration area in the southeastern Missouri Ozarks. It would likely key to E. semiserratum in Yatskievych (2006) but differs in the long acuminate phyllaries, as opposed to the obtuse phyllaries of E. semiserratum. While Missouri populati could bl represent recent introductions, it seems equally plausible that they are remnants from the more open pine woodlands that formerly characterized migeticany portions of the Ozarks. - Some recent collections from dlands in southeastern Missouri differ from typical E. iyssop foliain, to which they would key in Yatskievych (2006), in being coarser plants with larger leaves at least 5 mm broad, with well-developed marginal teeth, as contrasted with the entire to obscurely and weakly dentate, narrower leaves (to 5 mm) of typical EB. hyssopifolium. While these may be of hybrid origin, Weakley (2011) provides a good rationale for recognizing certain putative hybrids in this genus as functional species. It is not known with certainty whether Missouri populations are natives or recent introductions, but at this point we are tentatively considering them to be native. The anomalous Wayne County population discussed under EF. hyssopifolium by Yatskievych (2006) is included here. Euphorbia ouachitana - This recently described species is known only from extreme southwestern Missouri, and our understanding of its ecology and conservatism is minimal. It has recently been from E. (Mayfield 2013), from which it differs by its annual (versus biennial) habit and deeply pitted seeds remaining dark brown and lustrous at maturity. hapkorbia serpyllifolia - Although Yatskievych (2006) considers one of the Missouri populations “presumably native,” there is no evidence to indicate that this plant of open disturbed ground is anything other than an adventive from the Great Plains. Fraxinus p - Although these varieties were not secoenived a eeaeety (20 a we feel te merit : segregation. Var. subintegerrima, with glabrous twigs, petioles, and rachises, is the common, weedy, silt-tolerant ash along streams and in disturbed floodplains and ruderal areas throughout the state. Var. pennsylvanica, with finely pubescent branches, petioles, and rachises, is restricted to higher quality sites mostly in northern Missouri, growing in moist woodlands. Fraxinus smallii - This tree appears to be common in mesic woodlands, and in Missouri much of what has traditionally been referred to as F. americana is probably this species; see Nesom (2010). Gaura spp. - Despite the current trend of subsuming Gaura within Oenothera, we are reluctant to submerge such a distinctive, naturally coherent genus, which differs so much from typical Oenothera, and for the present are retaining traditional generic concepts in this group Helianthus petiolaris - Although Yatskievych (2006) considers this species to be native in Missouri, it is likely a recent introduction from further west. While it seems a bit of a stretch to regard our Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 22 annual sunflowers as native, as least in the case of H. annuus there is a long history of Native American domestication and use in the region prior to Eurosettlement. The case for nativity is weaker for H. petiolaris. Despite Yatskievych’s (2006) comments that both of these weedy annual sunflowers occur in prairies, these almost certainly reflect early label data when prairie vegetation was more widely distributed in the state and even the verges of roadsides and railroads could be considered to be prairie. Neither plant is a component of any stable native assemblage or habitat, and both require intensive ongoing disturbance to persist. Helianthus strumosus - We think this entity is a well-defined species of intact wet areas and seepages, possibly persisting as a glacial relict. Much of the confusion discussed by Yatskievych (2006) devolves from the broad morphological variability within H. hirsutus. True H. strumosus is taller and broader leaved than H. hirsutus, and it most often has glaucous adaxial leaf surfaces. Note that we have revised the wetness values to accurately reflect the performance of this species in Missouri; these differ greatly from those assigned by Lichvar (2012). Heliopsis helianthoides vars. helianthoides and scabra - We find these two elements to be well distinguished both morphologically and ecologically, with the typical variety more of a prairie and open grassland taxon, and var. scabra found in fens, wooded seeps, and other moist shaded areas in the Ozarks. Heliotropium procumbens - Although Yatskievych (2013) implies that this plant is native in Missouri by not stating otherwise, it is known only from a single recent collection from disturbed open ground and is here regarded as an introduction. Houstonia longifolia vars. longifolia and tenuifolia - Due to a simple architecture upon which a high degree of morphological plasticity is expressed, the genus Houstonia can be taxonomically difficult. Steyermark (1963) added to the confusion by asserting that H. Jongifolia is the common element, dismissing the findings of Terrell (1959), who included all Missouri material in H. tenuifolia. However, based on Steyermark’s key, the vast majority of our material falls within var. tenuifolia, and the typical variety is quite rare. Ipomoea coccinea - Although Yatskievych (2006) considered Missouri occurrences to be native, local populations are probably introductions. The species is not part of any high quality natural ity, and all populations we have seen are in highly disturbed areas, including weedy thickets along streams, disturbed roadsides and paths, and moist shaded clearings. The plant often becomes preemptively dominant in these sites, much as any invasive weed. It readily spreads from cultivation and becomes naturalized. Juncus filipendulus - Recently collected in a seepy dolomite glade in Taney County, this species would key in Yatskievych (1999) to J. marginatus, but it differs in habitat and in being a small plant with a strict, congested inflorescence and the perianth segments much exceeding the capsules. Leersia virginica vars. ovata and virginica - We see two distinct ecological and morphological entities within Leersia virginica. Var. virginica is a somewhat sprawling to weakly erect plant with smooth to minutely pubescent lemmas; common in moist areas of wooded uplands and other shaded wet places. Var. ovata is a more robust, strongly erect plant with bristly ciliate margins on the lemma. It is apparently restricted to wet depressions in high quality woodlands in southeast Missouri. Lepidium densiflorum - Although Yatskievych (2006) regarded this taxon as native, it invariably occurs only in ruderal or highly disturbed areas, with no native context whatsoever, unlike the closely related L. virginicum, which, while also weedy, also occurs in sites with remnant natural integrity. The origins of the plant are unclear and best summarized by Swink and Wilhelm (1994): "The origin of this plant is uncertain; most authors consider it introduced from Eurasia ... and Mulligan (1961) regards it as native to the prairie provinces of Canada." Regardless of its origin, our plants behave ecologically like introduced weeds, and are regarded as such here. Lespedeza frutescens — See comments under L. prairea. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 23 Lespedeza prairea - In high quality mesic to dry-mesic prairies in the Osage Plains, we regularly encounter a distinctive Lespedeza that is evocative of L. frutescens but is more lax, more foliose and more highly branched. This element appears to be restricted to high quality prairies, and to accommodate it we are resurrecting L. prairea (Mack. & Bush) Britt., as applied by Rydberg (1932). The leaves of L. prairea are often distichously ranked on a strongly leaning stem, with all leaf surfaces directed upward. The leaflets are obovate, as opposed to the broadly oblong leaflets of L. frutescens. In L. prairea, the infloresence is more lax, with short calyx lobes typically less than a fourth as long as the pods. Lindernia dubia vars. anagallidea and dubia - Many modern authors do not recognize L. dubia var. anagallidea as distinct from var. dubia, but the two taxa are easily distinguished and appear to have different ecologies in Missouri. Var. anagallidea, with the pedicels (except the lowest) far exceeding the subtending leaves, is the common, weedy element in wet muddy or sandy areas statewide. Var. dubia, with most of the pedicels shorter than the subtending leaves, is less common and more likely to occur in better quality habitats, particularly sinkhole wetlands; it often has smaller flowers and thinner leaves that are somewhat rhombic. Listera australis - Recently discovered by the second author in a moist, springy woodland in southeastern Missouri, this species would key imperfectly to Pogonia in Yatskievych (1999) but has a small pair of opposite leaves at midstem, with a loose terminal raceme of greenish purple flowers, each with a lower lip split into two elongate narrow lobes. Some authors place this species in the genus Neottia. Ludwigia grandiflora - Although Yatskievych (2013) suggest this species is native in Missouri because of the lack of evidence to the contrary on collection labels, it is highly likely the plant is an introduction: USDA (2014) considers all occurrences in the United States to be introductions. Melica mutica - Recently discovered in a mesic woodland in southern Missouri, this species has spikelets with two fertile lemmas and glumes of similar size and shape, as opposed to M. nitens, with each glume in a pair being markedly different, and three fertile lemmas per spikelet. Monarda punctata var. arkansana - Yatskievych (2013) suggests that this taxon may be introduced in Missouri. It is known only from an 1884 collection in the lower Meramec River valley. On the other hand, the Missouri Department of Conservation (2015) lists it as a species of conservation concern. While it may indeed be an early railroad introduction, we are tentatively retaining it as native, although with no great confidence. Myriophyllum sibiricum - Yatskievych (2013), while acknowledging the recent migration of this species into the state, regards it as native inasmuch as the putative dispersal vector was “natural,” i.e., waterfowl. However, in the ecological sense, and as applied in this work, elements of the flora that have become established in the state post-Eurosettlement are regarded as introductions. These taxa are not part of the stable assemblage of interacting biota that characterized the pre-Eurosettlement landscape and as such have the potential to exert destabilizing impacts on native biota. Additionally, it becomes counterproductive to attempt to segregate certain post-Eurosettlement vectors as “natural,” given the pervasive alterations and disruptions that have afflicted all aspects of our environment in the past three centuries. Waterfowl populations, behaviors, and movement patterns have been profoundly altered by the myriad artificial ponds, loss of native wetlands, predator changes, and other impacts, and are no more “natural” than other dispersion vectors in the modern environment. Panicum gattingeri - Yatskievych (1999) included this as a synonym under P. philadelphicum. While dwarfed plants are often difficult to discern (Steyermark 1963), there is considerable difference between these species ecologically and morphologically. Panicum gattingeri is actually more similar in overall habit to P. capillare in its sprawling habit and wide, densely pubescent leaves. The habit of P. philadelphicum is more similar to P. flexile in its erect habit, with long narrow leaves that, although densely hairy, are not conspicuously so. Panicwm gattingeri is found in more mesic Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 24 disturbed sites like flooded fields and gravel bars. Panicum philadelphicum is a species of upland habitats ranging from disturbed fields and roadsides to high quality glades and woodlands. Panicum longifolium - This addition to the Missouri flora has been treated as a subspecies or variety of Panicum rigidulum. Typical P. rigidulum is common in Missouri, growing in disturbed, open, seasonally wet areas and often forming extensive populations with other weedy species. While P. longifolium is morphologically similar to P. rigidulum, it is smaller, has a more open inflorescence, and is only found in high quality wetlands with other species indicative of stable, often relictual, communities. Parthenium hispidum - Although Yatskievych (2006) relegates this to a variety of P. integrifolium, the two taxa are quite distinct in Missouri, both ecologically and morphologically. Problems as discussed by Yatskievych emanate primarily from attempting to study material only in herbaria and not in the field. Parthenium hispidum is a characteristic species of carbonate glades and woodland openings in circumneutral soils. It is strongly rhizomatous, forming dense stands of stout, low stems. The leaves often are somewhat broader in relation to their length compared to those of P. integrifolium. Parthenium integrifolium occurs as scattered individuals in a wide array of shaded to open dry sites. The somewhat lustrous, dark green leaves are widely scattered along the tall, erect culms. Penstemon cobaea vars. cobaea and purpureus - Although these two elements may be, as Yatskievych (2013) states, “trivial color forms,” they display distinctive ecological affinities. Variety purpureus is restricted to carbonate glades, growing on dolomite and limestone in southwestern Missouri. Variety cobaea is a prairie species of the Great Plains, barely extending into the prairies of western Missouri. Phragmites australis subspp. americanus and australis - Both a native element and an aggressive Old World element of Phragmites australis occur in Missouri. The native subsp. americanus is characterized by ligules more than 0.4 mm long and first glumes of the larger spikelets more than 4.5 mm long; the culms are typically tingled purplish. This element occurs in wetlands, coexisting with other wetland species. The weedy subsp. australis has ligules to 0.4 mm long, with the larger first glumes seldom exceeding 4.5 mm; the culms are greenish to yellowish. This is the tall, aggressive weed that forms dense monocultures in disturbed wet areas, especially in acidic or saline sites such as strip mine spoils, ditches along slated roads, and industrial areas. Polygonum ramosissimum vars. prolificum and ramosissimum - Yatskievych (2013) discusses in detail some of the taxonomic and distribution issues regarding var. prolificum, a species of saline seeps characterized by a blue-green cast and smaller, narrower leaves. We regard this element as sufficiently distinct, both morphologically and ecologically, to warrant recognition. Portulacca oleracea - Long considered an Old World weed, recent works (e.g. Matthews 1993) suggest that this species was used by Native Americans in the pre-Eurosettlement era. Matthews (1993) noted that Nuttall reported this species from Missouri “before settlers could have transported it from the east.” Despite this, in Missouri this plant displays the classic attributes of an introduced weed and is not part of any native community phase, including naturally disturbed areas favored by our native weeds. Potentilla simplex - Although we have decided reluctantly not to segregate it at this point, a distinct phase of this species occurs in our prairies and can be segregated as var. argyrisma. It is characterized by striking, appressed, silvery pubescence on the undersides of the leaves and long spreading hairs on the stems. Proboscidea louisiana - This species of the southern plains has been cultivated as a garden curiosity for centuries, and it is far more likely that Missouri populations, which are uncommon an evanescent, are garden escapes rather than some native range extension carried by bison, as some have speculated. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 25 Prunus hortulana - The subsumption of Prunus munsoniana under P. hortulana is baffling and seems predicated solely on herbarium analyses by those unfamiliar with the species in the wild. In Missouri the two are distinct and consistent, and regardless of the putative hybrid origins of P. munsoniana, it occurs as an ecologically and morphologically distinct entity with strong prairie affinities, forming clonal thickets, as opposed to the more ubiquitous and somewhat weedy P. hortulana, which typically grows as a small tree in old pastures and weedy brush rows. The leaf characters described in Steyermark (1963) are also useful for distinguishing the two. Prunus munsoniana — See comments under P. hortulana. Quercus rubra - What we refer to as Quercus rubra has two expressions throughout its range. In more acidic soils and at higher elevations Q. rubra often grows straighter, has grayer bark, deeper lobes, and pubescent tips on buds. These trees can be difficult to distinguish from Q. coccinea (especially in the White River Hills). This is what authors have variously referred to as var. ambigua, var. borealis, and even Q. borealis. Virtually every key that has been used to separate the two uses proportions of the acorn cap as the primary character, which is ineffective. By comparison, typical Q. rubra occurs on more basic soils, has a subtly sinuous trunk with contrasting black and white furrows on the bark, has shallower leaf lobes, and lacks pubescence on the tips of buds. Because we are uncertain as to whether these differences constitute clinal variation or actual segregates of separate breeding systems, both entities are subsumed under Q. rubra. Quercus shumardii var. acerifolia - The epithet acerifolium was long applied to an element thought to be endemic to the region near Magazine Mountain, Arkansas. But even on Magazine Mountain many of the trees include foliage that has both well-defined maple-like leaves as well as leaves more traditionally associated with what has been referred to as Q. shumardii var. schneckii and even typical Q. shumardii. Also, the extreme morphologies found on Magazine Mountain have recently been found on calcareous glades throughout the Missouri Ozarks, where they clearly grade into what has long been called Q. shwnardii var. schneckii. It seems clear that there is a single taxon of the upland variant of Q. shumardii, and some individuals of this element have a predilection to reduced, maple- like leaves, particularly on dwarfed trees of exposed upland sites. This convoluted relationship prompted the second author to compare the morphology of the type specimen of Q. schneckii Britton with specimens collected in the field. He was surprised to find that the type specimen of Q. schneckii is clearly Q. texana and not a member of the Q. shumardii complex sensu stricto (the type of Q. schneckii can be viewed on tropicos.org). Thus, the epithet “schneckii” has been misapplied for decades. The next available name for the entity in question is var. acerifolia. So, in a strange twist of irony, in finding little evidence to support the maintenance of Q. shumardii var. acerifolia as a distinct taxon, we now must broaden the name to include everything that has been erroneously called Q. shumardii var. schneckii. Rhynchospora scirpoides - Recently discovered in a sinkhole pond in Shannon County, this species would key to Rhynchospora in Yatskievych (1999) but would not be determinable to species, since it lacks perianth bristles. It is a tufted annual with only a single empty scale in each many-flowered spikelet; this species was formerly placed in the genus Psilocarya. Robinia pseudoacacia - Although distinctions are not typically made for taxa that have both native and introduced populations in the state, in part because it can be difficult to determine with certainty the origins of a particular population. However, an exception is made in the case of Robinia pseudoacacia. Throughout the state, introduced populations of this plant are aggressive introduced weeds, forming dense clonal groves to the virtual exclusion of other vegetation. It can be a problematic weed once established in areas with remnant natural quality. On the other hand, native populations of this species occur at the northeastern edge of their range in extreme southwestern Missouri. Here Robinia grows as innocuous understory trees scattered in dry rocky woodlands, with such associates as Sapindus saponaria, and displays no tendencies to form thickets or become Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 26 aggressive. It would be illuminating to study the genetics of this species in Missouri — our native material may differ significantly from the ubiquitous weedy genotype. Rosa carolina subspp. carolina and subserrulata - The Rosa carolina complex is poorly understood locally and seems to be bafflingly confounded with R. arkansana. Ozark populations in particular are hypervariable and appear to display varying degrees of introgression with other species, perhaps R. foliolosa. These Ozark populations are clearly distinct from the low rose that is frequent in remnant prairies in the Osage Plains and Central Tallgrass Prairie regions of the state; they may represent an endemic taxon. Rubus ablatus - The only way this species makes sense in the field is if it and the name R. argutus are switched in Yatskievych’s (2013) keys. Rubus ablatus appears to be a small to medium blackberry that, in open areas, grows high—arching canes up to 2.0 meters tall. However, in forested habitats it arches low on very wiry stems. Plants of intermediate forms are common. This morphological plasticity in varying degrees of shade makes it difficult to gain a field concept of this taxon. We have also found it to root at the tip, which makes us wonder if we are not actually dealing with R. recurvans instead. It is rather distinct in its narrowly elliptic leaves that taper to the tips and taper, or are rounded, at the bases (not subcordate as in the similar R. argutus). This does not appear to be very common throughout the state. The distribution maps of R. argutus in Yatskievych seem to match it as well. Rubus alumnus - This is a common species in the Ozarks and can be readily identified by the presence of glandular hairs on the flower and leaf stalks and by the ovate terminal primocane leaves. Caution should be employed because the less common R. rosa also has this combination of features, although it is much more glandular and has very large, nearly rotund, leaflets. Rubus argutus - As stated under R. ablatus, this taxon only makes sense if its name has been switched with R. ablatus in Yatskievych’s (2014) keys. This is the most common blackberry in the state. It can occur in a large range of habitats but is most often found in disturbed old fields, the margins of gravel roads, and heavily burned woodlands/forests. It forms very large patches that often exceed 2 meters tall. It lacks glandular pubescence and the terminal leaflet of the primocane leaves, which is usually broadest at or above the middle, is cordate to subcordate at the base. It is most similar to R. Jaudatus, which differs in having a strongly acuminate terminal leaflet and a propensity to dry a tobacco-brown color. Rubus celer - This dewberry is very similar to R. ens/enii but differs in its preference for slightly more mesic sites, more rounded leaflets with more uniform marginal teeth, its tendency to grow as large multi-stemmed plants, and to occasionally form very large tangled populations. Rubus curtipes - This is typically the most diminutive species of Rubus in our flora. The stems of this dainty dewberry often grow in a hoop-like form, with the tip rooting. The primocane leaflets are subtly pubescent beneath as compared to the glabrate leaflets of R. enslenii and the densely felty leaflets of R. meracus and R. roribacus. The floricane leaflets are small and round—tipped and are evocative of Potentilla canadensis (although there are only three leaflets). It appears to be fairly common, with an affinity to old fields with other native vegetation. Rubus enslenii - This is the most common dewberry in the woodlands and forests of the Ozarks. The flowers tend to occur in solitary inflorescences, but robust plants can break this rule. It is also a common component of both the glaciated and unglaciated prairie regions in Missouri. It can be recognized by its glabrate lower surfaces of the leaflets, elliptic terminal leaflets, and a tendency to be very low arching to fully procumbent. Characteristic habitats include xeric to dry-mesic woodlands, forests and prairies, as well as old fields and disturbed open areas. See also notes under R. plicatifolius. Rubus flagellaris - This species is common in the prairie regions of the state and occasional in the Ozarks. The keys in Yatskievych (2013) indicate that it is not pubescent on the lower surfaces of the primocane leaflets. However, there is a tremendous amount of variation in this character and many Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 27 specimens will not key by this character. It is typically a low, sprawling dewberry with thick, heavily armed stems that often develop five large leaflets on the primocane leaves. The terminal leaflet is often rotund to broadly ovate and comes to an abruptly acuminate tip. The base of the terminal leaflet is either rounded or subcordate. The leaflets are often coriaceous and longitudinally undulate along the secondary veins. Rubus frondosus - After R. argutus, this appears to be the most common blackberry in the state. It is similar to R. argutus except for the broadly ovate terminal leaflets of the primocane leaves. They are widest at or just below the middle of the leaf, where R. argutus is typically widest above the middle. Rubus frondosus also tends to be a softer plant in terms of thinner and more softly pubescent leaves. Its habitat is the same as R. argutus. Rubus laudatus - This species is similar to R. argutus but it has more uniformly serrate teeth on its primocane leaves, shorter acuminate tips of the terminal leaflet of the primocane leaves, and a propensity to dry a tobacco-brown color. Having only found it in fens in the Ozarks and along shrubby swales in the prairie regions of the state, it appears to prefer mesic to wet soils. Rubus meracus - We are finding a tremendous amount of variation in what keys to both R. meracus and R. roribaccus. The variation is so rampant that it appears that there are several species encompassed by these two names. Specimens that key to these two names in Yatskievych (2013) should do so because they are softly pubescent with felt-like hairs on the lower leaf surfaces. Specimens that are merely pubescent, but not felt-like softly pubescent, should be keyed under the “not pubescent” lead. Rubus missouricus - This species has only been found in average to high quality prairies in Missouri. It is easily identified by its small stature (typically waist high or lower) and its propensity for plants to occur as individual floricane-primocane pairs, each separated by a meter or more within what can be quite extensive colonies. It usually produces small blackberries that are not very flavorful. Rubus mollior - This is a frequent to locally common species in the Ozarks. It is more lax in growth form than most blackberries. It often forms loose mounds of tangled canes. The terminal leaflet of the primocane leaves range from round to obovate with a strongly acuminate tip. The stems and abaxial leaf surfaces often appear subtly glaucous. The inflorescences are short leafy racemes. Rubus plicatifolius - This species was not officially included in the flora of Missouri by Yatskievych (2014), although he mentions a possible historic record. Recently, several separate investigators working in prairies in the unglaciated region of Missouri began noticing a dewberry that consistently had too many flowers per inflorescence and with the leaf margins too jagged to be R. enslenii. The leaves of this dewberry were too elliptic-leaved to be R. flagellaris and not sufficiently pubescent to fit into the R. meracus/roribaccus group. Because this entity had conspicuously plicate primocane leaflets and otherwise matched the description, the name R. plicatifolius was adopted for it. It is superficially similar to R. ens/enii and the two often grow syntopically with R. flagellaris. To date, it has only been found in the glaciated and unglaciated prairie regions of Missouri. Rubus roribaccus - See notes under R. meracus. Rubus satis - This is another species name that likely encompasses multiple cryptic taxa in Missouri. Though R. satis is technically included in the dewberries (sect. Flagellares) because of its ability to root at the tip, it has several features that make it different from all other members of the section. For example, plants achieve the size and arching height of blackberries. The mature floricanes turn a reddish mahogany color and have sparsely distributed tiny prickles. In the southeastern Ozarks, R. satis has deep green, nearly rugose, primocane leaflets with somewhat revolute margins. In the northern Ozarks as well as prairie regions it more closely resembles an erect-arching R. flagellaris. The reddish stem with small prickles and short inflorescences seem to unite these otherwise hypervariable morphologies. Rudbeckia bicolor - Rudbeckia bicolor, long considered synonymous with R. hirta, appears to us to be a distinct species of xeric acidic sites in southern Missouri. It is a taprooted annual without basal Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 28 leaves, usually growing as a small, single-stemmed plant with no to a few, short, ascending branches. The culm leaves are spatulate to narrowly obovate and apically obtuse, with notably stiffer hairs. In Missouri, R. hirta, while capable of flowering the first year and functioning as an annual, is typically a short-lived perennial and has distinct tufts of basal leaves and ovate, apically acute culm leaves. Rudbeckia fulgida vars. sullivantii and umbrosa - Campbell and Seymour (2013) have recently completed a preliminary revision of this group; they recognize var. sullivantii as a distinct species, and our var. umbrosa is referable to their R. palustris. Additionally, there is a third taxon in Missouri, which Campbell and Seymour call R. speciosa [not fully synonymous with R. fulgida var. speciosa of Steyermark (1963), much of which is actually referable to R. fulgida var. sullivantii as applied in this list]. We have little direct knowledge of this third element, even as to whether it is native or introduced, so are not including it on the list at this point. It is characterized by earlier flowering (ca. midsummer), with narrower, less distinctly petiolate leaves that are softly pubescent, as opposed to the late summer to autumnal flowering and broader, distinctly petiolate, coarsely pubescent leaves of the other two members of the complex. A smaller leaved plant with more and shallower teeth on the leaves that is closely related to R. speciosa, R. tenax C.L. Boynt and Beadle, may be what has appeared with newly installed gravel associated with the remediation of the reservoir failure at the power generation facility on Taum Sauk mountain; it is not yet known whether this will persist as an element of the flora. Rudbeckia hirta — See comments under R. bicolor. Schizachyri ium - The tion of this archetypical tallgrass prairie species into a separate genus from other bluestems, while widely accepted, seems inappropriate and unsupported. The generic delimitation is essentially based on the sole character of a single raceme at the peduncle summit, as opposed to two or more in Andropogon, despite the compelling morphological Simm laritits in the distinctive spikelets of the complex. Indeed, the morphological diff A, gerardii from other local members of the genus exceed the degree of difference between Schizachyrium scoparium and our other species of Andropogon. While we are bowing to convention for the convenience of the user, given the tenuous supporting data for this segregation, we recall Hans Christian Andersen’s 1837 work: “But the emperor isn’t wearing anything at all Scirpus rubricosus - Although included within Scirpus cyperinus by most authors, this taxon appears quite distinct in Missouri. It is characterized by larger, more abundant, pedicillate spikelets on exposed leggy infl branches. E lly it is very much like S. cyperinus, with which it can be syntopic, but is often found is higher quality wetlands. Solidago altissima - The common weedy goldenrods remain conceptually confused. The most common weedy form throughout the state appears to be S. canadensis var. hargeri, despite the implication by the range maps in Yatskievych (2006) that it is less common than S. altissima, although both taxa are often common components of old fields, pastures, and other moderately disturbed sites. Solidago aitissima var. gilvocanescens, which has more affinities to prairie vegetation, would seem to be better treated as a subspecific taxon within S. canadensis. Solidago canadensis — See comments under S. altissima. Solidago nemoralis vars. nemoralis and longipetiolata - In addition to the characters used to distinguish the two infraspecific elements discussed in Yatskievych (2006), var. longipetiolata consistently blooms ca. two weeks earlier than the typical subspecies, has longer spatulate leaves, larger flower heads, and is a taller plant. Because var. /ongipetiolata is a fertile polyploid that does not backcross to the parental S. nemoralis var. nemoralis, one wonders why these are not treated as distinct species. Not doing so calls into question the purported commitment to a biological species concept over a morphological one. Solidago speciosa var. rigidiuscula - This appears to be the common form in prairies, whereas the typical variety has woodland affinities. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 29 Stenosiphon linifolius - As with Gaura, we cannot bring ourselves to embrace the nomenclatural trend to subsume this distinctive taxon within Oenothera, and so are retaining this species in Stenosiphon. Strophostyles helvola vars. helvola and missouriensis - Two elements within this species seem sufficiently distinctive morphologically to merit segregation at the varietal level: var. helvola, with the leaflets typically lobed or with their margins irregularly incurved and asymmetrical, and var. missouriensis, with unlobed, longitudinally symmetrical leaflets and larger fruits and seeds. The latter variety is less common and has often been confused in the field with S. wnbellata and/or Amphicarpaea bracteata. Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pringlei - Although many authors recognize only a single variable element within this species, in addition to the hairy weed that is ubiquitous in disturbed areas throughout the state, there is a smaller, thinner-stemmed, more delicate plant with narrow glabrous leaves that occurs in disturbed areas of rocky wooded uplands, such as along logging roads and skid landings. With absolutely no confidence as to taxonomic accuracy, we are segregating this distinctive element as var. pringlei. Vernonia baldwinii - Note that Yatskievych (2006) has transposed the characters in the key to infraspecific taxa; thus in his keys, subsp. interior would key as subsp. baldwinii, and vice versa. Viola nephrophylla - As applied in Missouri, this concept seems to encompass two entities — one a common weed of shaded lawns, low picnic areas, and moist disturbed woodlands, and the other a conservative taxon restricted to fens, seeps, and other high quality minerotrophic or phreatic wetlands, but further study is needed to clarify this issue. Taxonomy of the weedy blue violets affiliated with the . sororia complex remains a tangled mess. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to the many people who have shared their floristic knowledge and provided insights, comments and suggestions since the first iteration of an FQA system for Missouri in 1987; doubtless some have been omitted from this list, for which we apologize. For their insights, comments, and suggestions, we extend our appreciation to Kelly Allred, Randy Arndt, Mike Arduser, Keith Bennett, Daniel Boone, Mike Currier, Carol Davit, Dan Drees, Henry Eilers, Susan Farrington, Craig Freeman, Kanchi Gandhi, John George, Jenny Grabner, Rick Gray, Greg Gremaud, Jacob Hadle, Jack Harris, Hilary Hayley, Blane Heumann, Rex Hill, Nels Holmberg, Mike Homoya, Randy Jensen, Deborah Ladd, Ron Lance, Mike Leahy, Paul Mackenzie, Ken McCarty, Linda Masters, Elizabeth Middleton, Robert Mohlenbrock, Nancy Morin, Caleb Morse, Tom Nagel, Scott Namestnik, Paul Nelson, Guy Nesom, Tim Nigh, Paul Redfearn, Anton Reznicek, Larry Rizzo, Bruce Schuette, Mike Skinner, Tim Smith, Bill Summers, John Taft, Dana Thomas, James Trager, the late Joanna Turner, Malissa Underwood, Allison Vaughn, the late Ed Voss, Alan Weakley, Amy Hepler Welch, Theo Witsell, and Josh Wibbenmeyer. Special thanks are extended to Gerry Wilhelm for three decades of ongoing collaboration and discussion regarding his concept of species conservatism and FQA; Gerry has been instrumental in our development of the 1987, 1993, and current versions of the Missouri database. George Yatskievych has unstintingly shared his expertise and assisted with myriad queries regarding nomenclatural, taxonomic, and distributional issues; his books provide the modern foundation upon which this work is based. Rex Hill developed software applications for earlier versions of the list, and has been helpful throughout the process. We extend our deep appreciation to Cindy Pessoni for her years of assistance with this project and her consummate skills in editing, organizing, and managing data and spreadsheet analyses. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 30) LITERATURE CITED Barkworth, M.E., J.J.N. Campbell, and B. Salomon. 2007. Elymus. Pp. 288-343 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds.). 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. 24. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Campbell, J.J.N. 2000. Notes on North American E/ymus species (Poaceae) with paired spikelets: I. E. macgregorii sp. nov. and E. glaucus subsp. mackenzii comb. nov. J. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 61: 88-98. Campbell, J.J.N. and W.R. Seymour. 2013. Towards a revision of the Rudbeckia fulgida complex (Asteraceae), with description of a new species from the blacklands of southern USA. Phytoneuron 2013-91: 1-27. Fernald, M.L. 1934. Realignments in the genus Panicum. Rhodora 36: 61-87. Freckmann, R.W. and M.G. Lelong. 2003. Dichanthelium. Pp. 406-450 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds.). 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. 25. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Freyman, W.A. and L.A. Masters. 2013. The Universal Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) Calculator [Computer program]. Available at http://universalFQA.org. Gleason, H.A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (ed. 2). New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx. Great Plains Flora Association (eds.). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Univ. Press of Kansas, Lawrence. Herman, K.D., L.A. Masters, M.R. Renskar AA. peace G.S. Wilhelm, and W.W. Brodowicz. 1997. "Floristic quality t: D pment and application in the state of Michigan (USA). Nat. Areas J. 17: 265-279. Hitchcock, A.S. and A. Chase. 1910. North American species of Panicum. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 15: 1-396. Hoot, 8.B., A.A. Reznicek, and J.D. Palmer. 1994. Phylogenetic relationships in Anemone (Ranuncluaceae) based on morphology and chloroplast DNA. Syst. Bot. 19: 169-200. Ladd, D. 1991. Reexamination of the role of fire in Missouri oak woodlands. Pp. 67-80 in Proc. Oak Woods Management Workshop. Charleston, Illinois. Ladd, D. 1993. Coefficients of conservatism for the Missouri vascular flora. The Nature Conservancy, St. Louis. Ladd, D. 2014. Ecologically appropriate fire in the Missouri landscape: A 35 year reflection. Missouri Natural Areas Newsletter 14: 31-34. Lance, R. 2014. Haws - A Guide to Hawthorns of the Southeastern United States. Published by the author, Mills River, North Carolina. Lichvar, R.W. 2012. The National Wetland Plant List. ERDC/CRREL TR-12-11. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire. Lichvar, R.W. 2013. The National Wetland Plant List: 2013 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2013-49: 1-241. Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 update of wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41: 1-42. Matthews, J.F. 1993. The biology and taxonomy of the Portulacca oleracea L. (Portulaccaceae) complex in North America. Rhodora 95: 166-183. Matthews, J.W., G. Spyreas, and C.M. Long. 2015. A null model test of Floristic Quality Assessment: Are plant species’ coefficients of conservatism valid? Ecological Indicators 52: 1-7. Mayfield, M.H. 2013. Four new annual species of Euphorbia section Tithymalus (Euphorbiaceae) from North America. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7: 633-647. MeNeill, J., F.R. Barrie, W.R. Buck, V. Demoulin, W. Greuter, D.L. Hawksworth, P.S. Herendeen, S. Knapp, K. Marhold, J. Prado, W.F. Prud’homme van Reine, G.F. Smith, JH. Wiersema, and Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 3] N.J. Turland (eds.). 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Liechtenstein [Regnum Vegetabile 154]. Missouri Department of Conservation. 2015. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Mohlenbrock, R.H. 2014. Vascular Flora of Illinois: A Field Guide, 4" edition. Southern Illinois Univ. Press, Carbondale. Mulligan, G. A. 1961. The genus Lepidium in Canada. Madrofio 16: 77-90. Namestnik, S.A., JR. Thomas and B.S. Slaughter. 2012. Two recent plant discoveries in Missouri: Cladium mariscus subsp. j 1 (Cyp and Utricularia minor (Lentibulariaceae). Phytoneuron 2012-92: 1-6. Nesom, G.L. 2010. Fraxinus biltmoreana and Fraxinus smallii (Oleaceae), forest trees of the eastern United States. Phytoneuron 2010-51: 1-30. Oldham, M.J., W.D. Bakowsky, and D.A. Sutherland. 1995. Floristic quality assessment for southern Ontario. Natural Heritage Information Center, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Ontario. Rocchio, F.J. and R.C. Crawford. 2013. Floristic quality assessment for Washington vegetation. Washington State Department of Natural Resources Natural Heritage Report 2013-03. Rydberg, P.A. 1932. Flora of the Prairies and Plains of Central North America. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Smith, S.G., J.J. Bruhl, M.S. Gonzalez-Elizondo, and F.J. Menapace. 2002. Eleocharis. Pp. 60-160 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (eds.). 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. 23. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Steyermark, J.A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames. Swink, F. and G. Wilhelm. 1994, Plants of the Chicago Region (ed. 4). The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. Taft, J.B., G.S. Wilhelm, D.M. Ladd, and L.A. Masters. 1997. Floristic quality assessment for vegetation in Illinois, a method for assessing vegetation integrity. Erigenia 15: 3-95. Terrell, EE. 1959. A revision of the Houstonia purpurea group. Rhodora 61: 157-180; 188-207. Thieret, J.W. 1966. Synopsis of the genus Calamovilfa (Graminaea). Castanea 31: 145-152. Thomas, J.R. 2008. A morphological investigation of Dichanthelium section Lanuginosa (Poaceae). Unpubl. M.S. thesis, Miami Univ., Oxford, Ohio. USDA, NRCS. 2014. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, North Carolina. <http://plants.usda.gov> Accessed through 30 December 2014. Weakley, A.S. 2011. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Working draft of 15 May 2011. Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Wilhelm, G.S. 1977. Ecological assessment of open lands in Kane County, Illinois. Kane County Urban Development Commission, Geneva, Illinois. Wilhelm, G.S. and D. Ladd. 1988. Natural area assessment in the Chicago Region. Trans. 53rd North American Wildl. & Nat. Res. Conf: 361-375. Yatskievych, G. 1999. Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri. Vol. 1, revised ed. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. Yatskievych, G. 2006. Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri. Vol. 2. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Yatskievych, G. 2013. Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri. Vol. 3. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. TABLE 1. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora ECOLOGICAL CHECKLIST OF THE MISSOURI FLORA Scientific and common names, acronyms, C values, and physignomy for the Missouri flora, arranged alphabetically by scientific name. See discussion in text for more information. Scientific names for introduced taxa are rendered in ALL CAPS and have an asterisk in the C value (“C”) column. Non intuitive acronyms are designated with a dagger (+). Taxa designated with a superscripted triangle Cc) following the scientific name are discussed in the annotated comments in the text above. Table 1 ACRON ABUTHE ACAANG ACADEA ACAGRA ACAMON ACAOST ACARHO ACAVIR ACEGIN ACENEG ACERUD! ACERUR' ACERUT! ACESIL' ACESUFt ACESUN! ACESUG! ACESUCT ACHMIL ACHPTA ACHIAP ACMOPP ACMAME ACOUNC ACOCAL ACTPAC ACTRAC ACTCHI ADICAP ADIPED ADOANN AEGCYL SCIENTIFIC NAME ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI Acaciella angustissima Acalypha deamti Acalypha gracilens Acalypha monococca Acalypha ostryifolia Acalypha rhomboidea Acalypha virginica ACER GINNALA Acer negundo Acer rubrum var. drummondii Acer rubrum var. rubrum Acer rubrum var. trilobum * Acer saccharinum Acer saccharum subsp. floridanum Acer saccharum subsp. nigrum Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum Acer saccharum subsp. schneckii Achillea millefolium“* ACHILLEA PTARMICA ACHYRANTHES JAPONICA Acmella oppositifolia Acmispon americanus Aconitum uncinatum ACORUS CALAMUS Actaea pachypoda Actaea racemosa PHYSIOG Ad A-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB ACTINIDIA CHINENSIS var. DELICIOSA Ad W-VINE Adiantum capillus-veneris Adiantum pedatum ADONIS ANNUA AEGILOPS CYLINDRICA Nt FERN Nt FERN Ad A-FORB Ad A-GRASS COMMON NAME Velvetleaf Prairie Acacia Large-Seeded Mercury Slender Mercury One-Seeded Slender Mercury Three-Seeded Mercury Rhombic Copperleaf Virginia Mercury Amur Maple Box Elder Drummond's Maple Red Maple Trident Maple Silver Maple Southern Sugar Maple Black Maple Sugar Maple Velvety Sugar Maple Yarrow Sneezewort Japanese Chaff Flower Spilanthes Clement's Prairie Trefoil Southern Monkshood Sweet Flag White Baneberry Black Cohosh Dwarf Kiwi Venus-Hair Fern Maidenhair Fern Blood Drops Goat Grass 32 Table 1 ACRON AESIND AESRUD AESGLGt AESGLT! AESPAV AGAASP AGAAUR AGAFAS AGAGAT AGAHET AGAPUR AGASKI AGATEN AGAVIR AGANEP AGASCR AGEALT AGECON AGRGRY AGRPAR AGRPUB AGRROS AGRCRI AGRGIT AGRCAP AGRELL AGRGIG AGRHYE AGRPEAt AGRPEP! AGRSTO AILALT AIRCAR AIRELE AJUREP AKEQUI ALBJUL ALCROS ALIGRA a * * * * fe) SCIENTIFIC NAME AESCHYNOMENE INDICA AESCHYNOMENE RUDIS Aesculus glabra var. glabra Aesculus glabra var. arguta Aesculus pavia Agalinis aspera Agalinis auriculata Agalinis fasciculata Agalinis gattingeri Agalinis heterophylla Agalinis purpurea Agalinis skinneriana Agalinis tenuifolia Agalinis viridis Agastache nepetoides Agastache scrophulariifolia Ageratina altissima AGERATUM CONYZOIDES Agrimonia gryposepala Agrimonia parviflora Agrimonia pubescens Agrimonia rostellata AGROPYRON CRISTATUM AGROSTEMMA GITHAGO AGROSTIS CAPILLARIS Agrostis elliottiana AGROSTIS GIGANTEA Agrostis hyemalis Agrostis perennans var. aestivalis™ Agrostis perennans var. perennans* AGROSTIS STOLONIFERA * AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA ATRA CARYOPHYLLEA ATRA ELEGANS AJUGA REPT ANS AKEBIA QUINATA ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN ALCEA ROSEA Alisma gramineum Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora PHYSIOG Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-GRASS Ad A-FORB Ad P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Ad TREE Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad P-FORB Ad W-VINE Ad TREE Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB ww Ww COMMON NAME Indian Jointvetch Zigzag Jointvetch Ohio Buckeye Ohio Buckeye Red Buckeye Rough False Foxglove Eared False Foxglove Fascicled Agalinis Round-Stemmed False Foxglove Prairie False Foxglove Purple False Foxglove Pale False Foxglove Slender False Foxglove Green False Foxglove Yellow Giant Hyssop Purple Giant Hyssop White Snakeroot Ageratum Tall Agrimony Swamp Agrimony Soft Agrimony Beaked Agrimony Crested Wheat Grass Corn Cockle Rhode Island Bent Awned Bent Grass Redtop Tickle Grass Lowland Bent Grass Upland Bent Grass Creeping Bent Grass Tree Of Heaven Silver Hair Grass Hair Grass Common Bugle Chocolate Vine Mimosa Hollyhock Grass-Leaved Water Plantain Cc = * a 0 Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Alisma subcordatum Alisma triviale ALLIARIA PETIOLATA Allium burdickii Allium canadense“* ALLIUM CEPA Allium cernuum Allium mutabile* ALLIUM SATIVUM Allium stellatum Allium tricoccum ALLIUM TUBEROSUM ALLIUM VINEALE ALNUS GLUTINOSA Alnus serrulata Alopecurus aequalis Alopecurus carolinianus ALOPECURUS PRATENSIS ALYSSUM ALYSSOIDES ALYSSUM DESERTORUM Amaranthus albus AMARANTHUS ARENICOLA AMARANTHUS BLITOIDES* AMARANTHUS BLITUM var. EMARGINATUS AMARANTHUS CAUDATUS AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS Amaranthus hybridus AMARANTHUS HYPOCHONDRIACUS AMARANTHUS PALMERI AMARANTHUS POWELLII AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS* AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR Amaranthus tuberculatus AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS AMBROSIA ACANTHICARPA Ambrosia artemistifolia Ambrosia bidentata PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad TREE Nt SHRUB Nt P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB COMMON NAME Common Water Plantain Large-Flowered Water Plantain Garlic Mustard Ramps Wild Garlic Wild Onion Nodding Wild Onion Glade Onion Garlic Prairie Onion Wild Leek Chinese Chives Field Garlic European Alder Smooth Alder Tufted Foxtail Annual Foxtail Meadow Foxtail Pale Alyssum Alyssum Tumbleweed Torrey's Amaranth Creeping Amaranth Salad Amaranth Purple Amaranth Red Amaranth Green Amaranth Prince's Feather Careless Weed Tall Amaranth Rough Amaranth Thorny Amaranth Chinese Spinach Tall Water Hemp Slender Amaranth Annual Bursage Common Ragweed Southern Ragweed Ww 4 * NA DWN HW mH OC Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 35 SCIENTIFIC NAME Ambrosia psilostachya AMBROSIA TOMENTOSA Ambrosia trifida Amelanchier arborea AMELANCHIER HUMILIS Amianthium muscitoxicum Ammannia coccinea Ammannia robusta AMMI MAJUS AMMOSELINUM BUTLERI Amorpha canescens Amorpha fruticosa Amorpha nitens Ampelopsis arborea AMPELOPSIS BREVIPEDUNCULATA Ampelopsis cordata FR ROR ee 1 Amphicarpaea bracteata AMSINCKIA LYCOPSOIDES AMSINCKIA MENZIESII AMSINCKIA TESSELLATA Amsonia ciliata var. filifolia Amsonia illustris Amsonia tabernaemontana var. salicifolia Amsonia tabernaemontana var. tabernaemontana ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS Anagallis minima ANAPHALIS MARGARITACEA ANCHUSA AZUREA ANCHUSA OFFICINALIS Andrachne phyllanthoides Andropogon gerardii Andropogon gyrans Andropogon ternarius Andropogon virginicus Androsace occidentalis Anemone acutiloba“ Anemone americana * Anemone canadensis PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt TREE Ad SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt W-VINE Ad W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Western Ragweed False Ragweed Giant Ragweed Shadbush Low Shadbush Fly Poison Common Toothcup Grand Toothcup Bishop's Weed Sand Parsley Lead Plant Indigo Bush Shining Indigo Bush Pepper Vine Porcelain Berry Raccoon Grape Broom Snakeroot Hog Peanut Fiddleneck Menzies Fiddleneck Devil's Lettuce Ciliate Blue Star Shining Blue Star Blue Star Blue Star Scarlet Pimpernel Chaffweed Pearly Everlasting Showy Bugloss Common Bugloss Glade Buckbrush Big Bluestem Elliott's Broom Sedge Splitbeard Bluestem Broom Sedge Rock Jasmine Sharp-Lobed Hepatica Round-Lobed Hepatica Meadow Anemone Table 1 ACRON ANECYL Cc ~ * * * Ov OA WW wm Rw # x FO =) Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 36 SCIENTIFIC NAME Anemone caroliniana Anemone cylindrica Anemone quinquefolia Anemone virginiana ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS Angelica venenosa ANODA CRISTATA Antennaria neglecta Antennaria parlinii ANTHEMIS ARVENSIS ANTHEMIS COTULA ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM ANTHRISCUS CAUCALIS ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS APERA INTERRUPTA APERA SPICA-VENTI APHANES AUSTRALIS APHANOSTEPHUS SKIRRHOBASIS Apios americana APIUM GRAVEOLENS Aplectrum hyemale Apocynum * floribundum“ Apocynum androsaemifolium Apocynum cannabinum* Apocynum sibiricum * Aquilegia canadensis Arabidopsis lyrata ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA Arabis hirsuta ARACHIS HYPOGAEA ARALIA ELATA Aralia nudicaulis Aralia racemosa Aralia spinosa ARCTIUM MINUS ARENARIA SERPYLLIFOLIA ARGEMONE ALBIFLORA ARGEMONE MEXICANA Argyrochosma dealbata PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-GRASS Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt B-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad TREE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Ad B-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt FERN COMMON NAME Carolina Anemone Thimbleweed Wood Anemone Tall Anemone Dill Wood Angelica Crested Velvetleaf Field Cat's Foot Pussy's Toes Corn Chamomile Dog Fennel Sweet Vernal Grass Chervil Snapdragon Italian Wind Grass Loose Silky Bent Parsley Piert Arkansas Lazydaisy Groundnut Celery Putty Root Orchid Intermediate Dogbane Spreading Dogbane Prairie Dogbane Indian Hemp Columbine Sand Cress Mouse-Ear Cress Hairy Rock Cress Peanut Japanese Angelica Tree Wild Sarsaparilla Spikenard Hercule's Club Common Burdock Thyme-Leaved Sandwort Prickly Poppy Mexican Poppy Cloak Fern BUAAOA nanan fF FADD EE HEH HY fF OW WwW w % * * ¥en oO Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Arisaema dracontium Arisaema triphyllum Aristida adscensionis Aristida basiramea Aristida desmantha Aristida dichotoma var. curtissii Aristida dichotoma var. dichotoma Aristida lanosa Aristida longespica var. geniculata Aristida longespica var. longespica Aristida oligantha Aristida purpurascens Aristida ramosissima Aristolochia serpentaria var. hastata * Aristolochia serpentaria var. serpentaria “ Aristolochia tomentosa ARMORACTIA RUSTICANA Arnoglossum atriplicifolium Arnoglossum plantagineum Arnoglossum reniforme Aronia melanocarpa ARRHENATHERUM ELATIUS ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM ARTEMISIA ANNUA ARTEMISIA BIENNIS Artemisia campestris subsp. caudata ARTEMISIA CARRUTHII Artemisia dracunculus ARTEMISIA FRIGIDA Artemisia ludoviciana var. ludoviciana Artemisia ludoviciana var. mexicana ARTEMISIA STELLARIANA ARTEMISIA VULGARIS ARTHRAXON HISPIDUS ARUMITALICUM Aruncus dioicus var. pubescens Arundinaria gigantea ARUNDO DONAX Asarum canadense PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt W-VINE Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Ad P-GRAS| Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt B-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-GRASS Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-FORB w COMMON NAME Green Dragon Jack-In-The Pulpit Sixweeks Three-Awn Fork-Tipped Three-Awn Grass Curly Three-Awn Churchmouse Three-Awn Poverty Grass Woollyleaf Three-Awn False Arrow Feather Slimspike Three-Awn Plains Three-Awn Grass Arrow Feather Slender Three-Awn Virginia Snakeroot Virginia Snakeroot Pipe-Vine Horse Radish Pale Indian Plantain Prairie Indian Plantain Great Indian Plantain Black Chokeberry Tall Oat Grass Common Wormwood Sweet Wormwood Biennial Wormwood Beach Wormwood. Kansas Mugwort Tarragon Prairie Sagebrush White Sage Mexican White Sage Dusty Miller Mugwort Small Carpgrass Italian Arum Goat's Beard Cane Giant Reed Wild Ginger 3T Table 1 ACRON ASCAMP ASCEXA ASCHIR ASCINC ASCMEA ASCPER ASCPUR ASCQUA ASCSPE ASCSTE ASCSUB ASCSUL ASCSYR ASCTUB ASCVAR ASCVER ASCVIAT Ascvist ASITRI ASPOFF ASPSPR ASPEBE ASPGRA ASPBRA ASPMON ASPPIN ASPPLA ASPRES ASPRHI ASPRUT ASPTRI ASTTAT ASTCAN ASTCRC' ASTCRTt ASTDIS ASTLOT ASTCIL ATHFIL a — EAA OCHR BONA Fun mn NY OM OD wD * 0 * ~ Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 38 SCIENTIFIC NAME Asclepias amplexicaulis Asclepias exaltata Asclepias hirtella Asclepias incarnata Asclepias meadii Asclepias perennis Asclepias purpurascens Asclepias quadrifolia ASCLEPIAS SPECIOSA* Asclepias stenophylla ASCLEPIAS SUBVERTICILLATA Asclepias sullivantii Asclepias syriaca Asclepias tuberosa subsp. interior Asclepias variegata Asclepias verticillata Asclepias viridiflora Asclepias viridis Asimina triloba ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS ASPARAGUS SPRENGERI Asplenium x ebenoides Asplenium * gravesii Asplenium bradleyi Asplenium montanum Asplenium pinnatifidum Asplenium platyneuron Asplenium resiliens Asplenium rhizophyllum Asplenium ruta-muraria Asplenium trichomanes ASTER TATARICUS Astragalus canadensis Astragalus i var. FE Astragalus crassicarpus var. trichocalyx Astragalus distortus Astragalus lotiflorus Astranthium ciliatum Athyrium filix-femina FE PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt TREE Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt FERN COMMON NAME Sand Milkweed Poke Milkweed Tall Green Milkweed Swamp Milkweed Mead's Milkweed White Milkweed Purple Milkweed Four-Leaved Milkweed Showy Milkweed Glade Milkweed Poison Milkweed Prairie Milkweed Common Milkweed Butterfly Weed White-Flowered Milkweed Whorled Milkweed Short Green Milkweed Green-Flowered Milkweed Pawpaw Asparagus Asparagus Fern Walking Spleenwort Grave's Spleenwort Bradley's Spleenwort Mountain Spleenwort Lobed Spleenwort Ebony Spleenwort Black Spleenwort Walking Fern Wall-Rue Spleenwort Maidenhair Spleenwort Tatarian Aster Canadian Milk Vetch Indian Pea Ground Plum Bent Milk Vetch Low Milk Vetch Western Daisy Lady Fern Table 1 ACRON ATOARM ATRARG ATRHOR ATRMIC ATRPAT ATRPRO ATRROS ATRTRU ATRWRI AUBDEL AURFLCt AURFLFt AURGRP™ AURGRS' AURPEC AVEFAF! AVEFAS' AXYAMA AZOCAR AZOMEX BACWRI BACROT BAPALB BAPAUS BAPBRA BAPSPH BARVER BARVUL BARPAN BARVIR BELCHI BERCAN BERTHU BERVUL BERSCA BERGTE! BERLTE! BERINC BERERE * * enn Da 10 SCIENTIFIC NAME ATOCION ARMERIA ATRIPLEX ARGENTEA ATRIPLEX HORTENSIS ATRIPLEX MICRANTHA ATRIPLEX PATULA ATRIPLEX PROSTRATA ATRIPLEX ROSEA ATRIPLEX TRUNCATA ATRIPLEX WRIGHTII AUBRIETA DELTOIDEA Aureolaria flava var. calycosa* Aureolaria flava var. flava“ Aureolaria grandiflora var. pulchra Aureolaria grandiflora var. serrata Aureolaria pectinata AVENA FATUA var. FATUA AVENA FATUA var. SATIVA AXYRIS AMARANTHOIDES Azolla caroliniana Azolla mexicana BACCHARIS WRIGHTII Bacopa rotundifolia Baptisia alba var. macrophylla Baptisia australis var. minor Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea BAPTISIA SPHAEROCARPA “* BARBAREA VERNA BARBAREA VULGARIS Bartonia paniculata Bartonia virginica BELAMCANDA CHINENSIS Berberis canadensis BERBERIS THUNBERGII BERBERIS VULGARIS Berchemia scandens Bergia texana Berlandiera texana BERTEROA INCANA Berula erecta Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora PHYSIOG Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Ad SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt W-VINE Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Sweet William Catchfly Silver Orach Garden Orach Russian Orach Common Orach Arrow-Leaved Orach Red Orach Silver Scale Wright's Saltbush Purple Alyssum Smooth False Foxglove Smooth False Foxglove Yellow False Foxglove Big-Flowered Gerardia Clammy False Foxglove Wild Oats Oats Russian Pigweed Eastern Water Fern Water Fern Wright's False Willow Water Hyssop White Wild Indigo Blue Wild Indigo Cream Wild Indigo Yellow Wild Indigo Early Wintercress Yellow Rocket Screwstem Yellow Screwstem Blackberry Lily American Barberry Japanese Barberry European Barberry Supple Jack Bergia Green Eyes Hoary Alyssum Fen Water Parsnip 39 Table 1 ACRON BET VUL BETNIG BIDALB BIDARI BIDBEC BIDBIP BIDCER BIDCOM BIDCON BIDDIS BIDFRO BIDLAE BIDPOL BIDTRI BIDVUL BIGCAP BLECIL BLEHIR BOECAN BOELAE BOEMIS BOESHO BOECYL BOEERE BOLFLU BOLMAR BOLAST BOLDEC BOLDIF BOTBLA BOTISC BOTLAG BOTBIT BOTDIS BOTVIR BOUCUR BOUGRA BOUHIR BRAERU a = ae = * = Al Se Bl Ge a BR] m1] A] aA] | # ¥ 4 Oo fF * fer) * SCIENTIFIC NAME BETA VULGARIS Betula nigra BIDENS ALBA var. RADIATA Bidens aristosa* Bidens beckii BIDENS BIPINNATA Bidens cernua Bidens comosa* Bidens connata* Bidens discoidea Bidens frondosa Bidens laevis Bidens polylepis* BIDENS TRICHOSPERMA Bidens vulgata Bignonia capreolata Blephilia ciliata Blephilia hirsuta Boechera canadensis Boechera laevigata Boechera missouriensis Boechera shortii Boehmeria cylindrica BOERHAAVIA ERECTA Bolboschoenus fluviatilis Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus Boltonia asteroides Boltonia decurrens Boltonia diffusa BOTHRIOCHLOA BLADHII BOTHRIOCHLOA ISCHAEMUM Bothriochloa laguroides subsp. torreyana Botrychium biternatum Botrychium dissectum Botrychium virginianum Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua gracilis Bouteloua hirsuta BRACHIARIA ERUCIFORMIS Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora PHYSIOG Ad B-FORB Nt TREE Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt W-VINE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS COMMON NAME Beta River Birch Romerillo Swamp Marigold Water Marigold Spanish Needles Nodding Bur Marigold Swamp Tickseed Purple-Stemmed Tickseed Swamp Beggar's Ticks Common Beggar's Ticks Smooth Beggar's Ticks Bur Marigold Tall Swamp Marigold Tall Beggar's Ticks Cross-Vine Ohio Horse Mint Wood Mint Sickle Pod Smooth Bank Cress Missouri Rock Cress Toothed Cress False Nettle Spiderling River Bulrush Alkali Bulrush False Aster Decurrent False Aster Doll's Daisy Caucasian Bluestem Yellow Bluestem Silver Beard Grass Grape Fern Cut-Leaved Grape Fern Rattlesnake Fern Side-Oats Grama Blue Grama Hairy Grama Signal Grass NW wa O = * * * On foo * Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 4] SCIENTIFIC NAME Brachyelytrum erectum Bradburia pilosa Brasenia schreberi BRASSICA JUNCEA BRASSICA NAPUS BRASSICA NIGRA BRASSICA RAPA Brickellia eupatorioides var. eupatorioides Brickellia eupatorioides var. texana Brickellia grandiflora BROMUS COMMUTATUS BROMUS DIANDRUS BROMUS HORDACEUS BROMUS INERMIS BROMUS JAPONICUS Bromus latiglumis Bromus nottowayanus Bromus pubescens BROMUS RACEMOSUS BROMUS SECALINUS BROMUS SQUARROSUS BROMUS STERILIS BROMUS TECTORUM BROMUS WILLDENOWII BROUSSONETIA PAPYRIFERA BRUNNERA MACROPHYLLA Brunnichia ovata Buchloe dactyloides Buchnera americana BUDDLEJA DAVIDII BUGLOSSOIDES ARVENSE Bulbostylis capillaris BUPLEURUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM Cabomba caroliniana Calamagrostis canadensis Calamagrostis porteri subsp. insperata Calamagrostis stricta subsp. inexpansa CALAMOVILFA LONGIFOLIA* Callicarpa americana PHYSIOG Nt P-GRASS Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad TREE Ad P-FORB Nt W-VINE Nt P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Ad A-FORB Nt A-SEDGE Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt SHRUB COMMON NAME Long-Awned Wood Grass Soft-Golden Aster Water Shield Indian Mustard Turnip Black Mustard Field Mustard False Boneset Ozark False Boneset Tassel Flower Hairy Chess Ribgut Grass Soft Chess Smooth Brome Japanese Chess Ear-Leaved Brome Nottoway Brome Woodland Brome Smooth Chess Chess Nodding Brome Poverty Brome Downy Brome Rescue Grass Paper Mulberry Siberian Bugloss Ladies' Eardrops Buffalo Grass Blue Hearts Butterfly Bush Corn Gromwell Hair Sedge Hare's Ear Fanwort Blue Joint Grass Reed Bent Grass Bog Reed Grass Sand Reed American Beauty Berry ‘Oo * Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME CALLICARPA DICHOTOMA Callirhoe alcaeoides Callirhoe bushii Callirhoe digitata Callirhoe involucrata Callirhoe triangulata Callitriche heterophylla Callitriche palustris Callitriche terrestris Calopogon oklahomensis Calopogon tuberosus Caltha palustris CALYCANTHUS FLORIDUS Calycocarpum lyonii Calylophus serrulatus Calystegia macounii CALYSTEGIA PUBESCENS Calystegia sepium Calystegia silvatica subsp. fraterniflora Calystegia spithamaea Camassia angusta Camassia scilloides CAMELINA MICROCARPA CAMELINA SATIVA Campanula americana Campanula aparinoides CAMPANULA RAPUNCULOIDES Campanula rotundifolia Campsis radicans CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS CANNABIS SATIVA CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS CAPSICUM ANNUUM Cardamine bulbosa Cardamine concatenata Cardamine diphylla Cardamine douglasii CARDAMINE FLEXUOSA CARDAMINE HIRSUTA PHYSIOG Ad SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt W-VINE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt W-VINE Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad A-FORB COMMON NAME Chinese Beauty Berry Pink Poppy Mallow Bush's Poppy Mallow Fringed Poppy Mallow Purple Poppy Mallow Clustered Poppy Mallow Large Water Starwort Common Water Starwort Terrestrial Starwort Prairie Grass Pink Grass Pink Marsh Marigold Carolina Allspice Cupseed Toothed Evening Primrose Macoun's Bindweed Japanese Bindweed Hedge Bindweed Shortstalk Bindweed Low Bindweed Prairie Hyacinth Wild Hyacinth Small-Fruited False Flax False Flax Tall Bellflower Marsh Bellflower European Bellflower Harebell Trumpet Creeper Jack Bean Hemp Shepherd's Purse Cayenne Pepper Bulbous Cress Toothwort Crinkleroot Purple Spring Cress Woodland Bitter Cress Hairy Bitter Cress 42 Table 1 ACRON CARPAR CARPEN CARHAL CARCRI CARNUT CXDEAM! CXSUBI' CXABSCT CXAGGR! CXALAT! CXALBB! CXALBs' CXALBOoT CXALBU™ CXAMPH" CXANNA! CXANNX' CXAQUAT CXARKA! CXATHE! CXATLAt CXAURE! CXAUSTT CXBICK! CXBLANT CXBREV' CXBROM! CXBUSH! CXBUXB! CXCARYt CXCARO' CXCEPH" CXCHER! CXCOMM! CXCoOMot CXCOMP! CXCONT CXCONOT CXCORR! 10 Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 43 SCIENTIFIC NAME Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola Cardamine pensylvanica CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM CARDUUS CRISPUS CARDUUS NUTANS Carex x deamii Carex x subimpressa Carex abscondita Carex aggregata Carex alata Carex albicans var. albicans Carex albicans var. australis Carex albolutescens Carex albursina Carex amphibola Carex annectens var. annectens Carex annectens var. xanthocarpa Carex aquatilis Carex arkansana Carex atherodes Carex atlantica Carex aureolensis* Carex austrina Carex bicknellii Carex blanda Carex brevior Carex bromoides Carex bushii Carex buxbaumii Carex careyana Carex caroliniana Carex cephalophora Carex cherokeensis Carex communis Carex comosa Carex complanata Carex conjuncta Carex conoidea Carex corrugata PHYSIOG Nt A-FORB Nt B-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE COMMON NAME Small-Flowered Bitter Cress Pennsylvania Bitter Cress Balloon Vine Welted Thistle Musk Thistle Deam's Sedge Impressed Sedge Thicket Sedge Glomerate Sedge Winged Sedge Bellows-Beaked Sedge White-Tinged Sedge Greenish-White Sedge White Bear Sedge Narrow-Leaved Sedge Yellow-Fruited Sedge Yellow-Fruited Sedge Water Sedge Arkansas Sedge Slough Sedge Prickly Bog Sedge Splendid Sedge Southern Sedge Bicknell's Sedge Common Wood Sedge Short-Beaked Sedge Brome-Like Sedge Bush's Sedge Brown Bog Sedge Carey's Sedge Carolina Sedge Woodbank Sedge Cherokee Sedge Fibrous-Rooted Sedge Bristly Sedge Hirsute Sedge Soft Fox Sedge Field Sedge Prune-Fruit Sedge Table 1 CXCRAE! CXCRAF? CXCRINt CXCRIS! CXCRUST CXCUMBt CXDAVI' CXDEBI' CXDECOot CXDIGI' CxDOUG! CXEBUR! CXELEO! CXEMOR' CXFEST?t CXFISS" CXFLAC' CXFRAN' CXGIGA! CXGLAUt CXGRAS! CXGRAAT CXGRANT CXGRAV! CXGRAY! CXGRIS! CXHAYD! CXHIRS! CXHIRTt CXHITct CXHYAL' CXHYSTt CXINOPT CXINTE! CXINTUT CXJAME! CXJOOR! CXLACUT CXLAECT Ana HD OH FO BR Aw — sO SCIENTIFIC NAME Carex crawei CAREX CRAWFORDII Carex crinita Carex cristatella Carex crus-corvi Carex cumberlandensis* Carex davisii Carex debilis Carex decomposita Carex digitalis CAREX DOUGLASII Carex eburnea CAREX ELEOCHARIS Carex emoryi Carex festucacea Carex fissa Carex flaccosperma Carex frankii* Carex gigantea Carex glaucodea Carex gracilescens Carex gracillima Carex granularis Carex gravida Carex grayii Carex grisea Carex haydenii Carex hirsutella Carex hirtifolia Carex hitchcockiana Carex hyalinolepis Carex hystericina Carex inops subsp. heliophila Carex interior Carex intumescens Carex jamesii Carex joorii Carex lacustris Carex laeviconica Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 44 PHYSIOG Nt P-SEDGE Ad P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Ad P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Ad P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE COMMON NAME Crawe's Sedge Crawford's Sedge Fringed Sedge Crested Sedge Raven's Foot Sedge Cumberland Sedge Davis' Sedge White-Edged Sedge Epiphytic Sedge Narrow-Leaved Wood Sedge Douglas! Sedge Bristle-Leaved Sedge Needleleaf Sedge Emory's Sedge Fescue Sedge Swale Sedge Thin-Fruited Sedge Frank's Sedge Large Sedge Blue Sedge Slender Wood Sedge Graceful Sedge Meadow Sedge Heavy Sedge Bur Sedge Gray Sedge Cloud Sedge Fuzzy Wuzzy Sedge Hairy Sedge Hitchcock's Sedge Shoreline Sedge Bottlebrush Sedge Sun Sedge Interior Sedge Swollen Sedge Grass Sedge Cypress Swamp Sedge Lake Bank Sedge Smooth Cone Sedge Table 1 CXLAEV! CXLAXct CXLAXL' CXLAXF" CXLEAV! CXLEPT! CXLONG! CXLoUI! CXLUPFt CXLUPL' CXLURI' CXMEADt CXMESO! CXMICR' CXMIsst CXMOLAT CXMOLI' CXMUHEt CXMUHM! CXMUSK" CXNEBR! CXNIGF! CXNIGNt CXNORM! CXOKLA! CXOLIGt CXOPAC! CXOXYL' CXPELLt CXPENS' CXPLAN™ CXPRAE! CXPRAS! CXRADI' CXRENE! CXRETR! CXREZN™ CXROSE! CXSART! 6 10 Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Carex laevivaginata Carex laxiculmis var. copulata* Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis“ Carex laxiflora Carex leavenworthii Carex leptalea Carex longii Carex louisianica Carex lupuliformis Carex lupulina Carex lurida Carex meadii Carex mesochorea Carex microdonta Carex missouriensis Carex molesta Carex molestiformis Carex muehlenbergii var. enervis Care: hlent i var. hlent Carex muskingumensis CAREX NEBRASCENSIS Carex nigromarginata var. floridana Carex ni var. Carex normalis Carex oklahomensis Carex oligocarpa Carex opaca Carex oxylepis Carex pellita Carex pensylvanica Carex planispicata CAREX PRAEGRACILIS Carex prasina Carex radiata Carex reniformis Carex retroflexa Carex reznicekii* Carex rosea Carex sartwellii PHYSIOG Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Ad P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Ad P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE COMMON NAME Smooth-Sheath Sedge Spreading Sedge Spreading Sedge Beechwood Sedge Leavenworth's Sedge Bristle-Stalked Sedge Long's Sedge Louisiana Sedge Knobbed Hop Sedge Common Hop Sedge Sallow Sedge Mead's Sedge Oval-Headed Sedge Little Tooth Sedge Missouri Sedge Troublesome Sedge Frightful Sedge Sand Sedge Sand Sedge Swamp Sedge Nebraska Sedge Black-Edged Sedge Black-Edged Sedge Larger Straw Sedge Oklahoma Sedge Few-Fruited Sedge Prairie Sedge Sharp-Scaled Sedge Woolly Sedge Pennsylvania Sedge Flat-Spiked Sedge Tollway Sedge Leek Sedge Eastern Star Sedge Kidney-Fruited Sedge Reflexed Sedge Tony's Sedge Stellate Sedge Sartwell's Sedge 45 Table 1 CXSCABT cxscHw! CXSCOPt CXSHOR! exsocl! CXSPAR! CXSPRE! CXSQUAT CXSTERT CXSTIP! CXSTRA! CXSTRIT CXSUBE! CXSWAN™ CXSYCNI CXTENE! CXTETA' CXTEXE! CXTIMI' CXTONR™ CXTONT! CXTORT! CXTRIAT CXTRIS! CXTRIT! CXTRICI CXTYPH!' CXUMBE! CXVEsI' CXVIRE! CXVULP" CXWILLt CxWoop! CARPCAT CARUCAT CARAQU CARCOR CARGLA CARILL Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 46 SCIENTIFIC NAME Carex scabrata Carex schweinitzii Carex scoparia Carex shortiana Carex socialis Carex sparganioides Carex sprengelii Carex squarrosa Carex sterilis Carex stipata Carex straminea Carex stricta Carex suberecta Carex swanii Carex sychnocephala Carex tenera Carex tetanica Carex texensis Carex timida* Carex tonsa var. rugosperma Carex tonsa var. tonsa Carex torta Carex triangularis Carex tribuloides var. sangamonensis* Carex tribuloides var. tribuloides* Carex trichocarpa Carex typhina Carex umbellata Carex vesicaria var. monile Carex virescens Carex vulpinoidea Carex willdenowii Carex woodii Carpinus caroliniana CARUM CARVI Carya aquatica Carya cordiformis Carya glabra“ Carya illinoinensis PHYSIOG Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt TREE Ad B-FORB Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE COMMON NAME Rough Sedge Schweinitz's Sedge Pointed Broom Sedge Short's Sedge Cespitose Sedge Bur-Reed Sedge Long-Beaked Sdge Squarrose Sedge Dioecious Sedge Sawbeak Sedge Straw Sedge Tussock Sedge Prairie Straw Sedge Savanna Sedge Many-Headed Sedge Slender Sedge Rigid Sedge Texas Sedge Timid Sedge Wrinkle-Seeded Oak Sedge Smooth-Fruited Oak Sedge Twisted Sedge Triangular Sedge Awl-Fruited Oval Sedge Awl-Fruited Oval Sedge Hairy-Fruited Sedge Cat-Tail Sedge Umbel-Like Sedge Inflated Sedge Ribbed Sedge Fox Sedge Willdenow's Sedge Pretty Sedge Blue Beech Caraway Water Hickory Bitternut Hickory Pignut Hickory Pecan Table 1 ACRON CARLAC CAROVL' CAROVT! CARPAL CARTEX CARTOM CASDEN CASMOL CASPUOT CASPUP! CASCOC CASPUR CASSES CATBIG CATOVA CATSPE CAUTHA CAYQUI CEAAME CEAHER CELORB CELSCA CELARG CELLAE CELOCC CELPUM CENCIL CENLON CENSPI CENAME CENCYA CENDIF CENDIL CENMEL CENNIAt CENNIS!' CENREP CENSOL CENSTO ¥en WwW OS SCIENTIFIC NAME Carya laciniosa Carya ovalis* Carya ovata Carya pallida Carya texana Carya tomentosa CASTANEA DENTATA CASTANEA MOLLISSIMA Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis Castanea pumila var. pumila Castilleja coccinea Castilleja purpurea Castilleja sessiliflora CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES CATALPA OVATA Catalpa speciosa Caulophyllum thalictroides Cayaponia quinqueloba Ceanothus americanus Ceanothus herbaceus CELASTRUS ORBICULATUS Celastrus scandens CELOSIA ARGENTEA Celtis laevigata Celtis occidentalis Celtis pumila CENCHRUS CILIARIS Cenchrus longispinus Cenchrus spinifex“ Centaurea americana CENTAUREA CYANUS CENTAUREA DIFFUSA CENTAUREA DILUTA CENTAUREA MELITENSIS CENTAUREA NIGRA CENTAUREA NIGRESCENS CENTAUREA REPENS CENTAUREA SOLSTITIALIS CENTAUREA STOEBE subsp. MICRANTHOS Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora PHYSIOG Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Ad TREE Ad TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad TREE Ad TREE Nt TREE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad W-VINE Nt W-VINE Ad A-FORB Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Ad P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB COMMON NAME Big Shellbark Hickory Red Hickory Shagbark Hickory Sand Hickory Black Hickory Mockernut Hickory Chestnut Chinese Chestnut Ozark Chinquapin Chinquapin Indian Paintbrush Purple Paintbrush Downy Yellow Painted Cup Catalpa Chinese Catalpa Hardy Catalpa Blue Cohosh Silva Manso New Jersey Tea Inland New Jersey Tea Oriental Bittersweet Climbing Bittersweet Cock's Comb Sugarberry Hackberry Dwarf Hackberry Buffel Grass Common Sandbur Prairie Sandbur Basket Flower Bachelor's Button Spreading Star Thistle Star Thistle Malta Star Thistle Black Knapweed Tyrol Knapweed Russian Knapweed Yellow Star Thistle Spotted Knapweed Table 1 ACRON CENVIR CEPOCC CERARV CERBRT! CERBROT CERDIF CERDUB CERFON CERGLO CERNUT CERPUM CERSEM CERVEL CERTES CERDEM CERECH CERPLU CERCAN CHASPE CHAMIN CHAPRO CHATAI CHAAST CHAFAS CHANIC CHALAT CHALAX CHASES CHEALA CHEFEE CHELAN CHETOM CHEMAI CHEGLB' CHEOBL CHEALB CHEAMB CHEBER WD ££ O mW & * * a Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 48 SCIENTIFIC NAME Centrosema virginianum Cephalanthus occidentalis Cerastium arvense subsp. strictum CERASTIUM BRACHYPETALUM Cerastium brachypodum CERASTIUM DIFFUSUM CERASTIUM DUBIUM CERASTIUM FONTANUM subsp. VULGARE CERASTIUM GLOMERATUM Cerastium nutans CERASTIUM PUMILUM CERASTIUM SEMIDECANDRUM Cerastium velutinum CERATOCEPHALUS TESTICULATUS Ceratophyllum demersum Ceratophyllum echinatum CERATOSTIGMA PLUMBAGINOIDES Cercis canadensis CHAENOMELES SPECIOSA CHAENORRHINUM MINUS Ct tol] 1 FE Chaerophyllum tainturieri Chaetopappa asteroides Chamaecrista fasciculata Chamaecrista nictitans Chasmanthium latifolium Chasmanthium laxum Chasmanthium sessilifolium Cheilanthes alabamensis Cheilanthes feei Cheilanthes lanosa Cheilanthes tomentosa CHELIDONIUM MAJUS Chelone glabra Chelone obliqua CHENOPODIUM ALBUM CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES Chenopodium berlandieri PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt TREE Ad SHRUB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Ad B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB COMMON NAME Spurred Butterfly Pea Buttonbush Field Chickweed Gray Chickweed Short-Stalked Chickweed Four-Stamened Chickweed Doubtful Chickweed Mouse-Ear Chickweed Clammy Chickweed Nodding Chickweed Dwarf Chickweed Small Mouse-Ear Chickweed Showy Field Chickweed Bur-Buttercup Coontail Spiny Hornwort Plumbago Redbud Flowering Quince Small Snapdragon Wild Chervil Southern Chervil Least Daisy Partridge Pea Wild Sensitive Plant Spike Grass Slender Spike Grass Sessile-F lowered Spike Alabama Lip-Fern Slender Lip Fern Hairy Lip-Fern Wooly-Lip-Fern Celandine Turtlehead Pink Turtlehead Lamb's Quarters Mexican Tea Pitseed Goosefoot Table 1 ACRON CHEBOT CHEBUS CHECAP CHEDES CHEFIC CHEGLCct CHEINC CHEMIS CHEMUR CHEOPU CHEPAL CHEPRA CHEPUM CHERUB CHESIM CHESTA CHESTR CHEURB CHEWAT CHIVIR CHLVER CHLVIR CHOTEN CICINT CICMAC CINARU CIRCAD! CIRALT CIRARV cIRcAs! CIRCAR CIRDIS CIRMUT CIRTEX CIRUND CIRVUL CISTRI CITLAN CITTRI Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 49 SCIENTIFIC NAME CHENOPODIUM BOTRYS Chenopodium bushianum CHENOPODIUM CAPITATUM CHENOPODIUM DESICCATUM CHENOPODIUM FICIFOLIUM CHENOPODIUM GLAUCUM CHENOPODIUM INCANUM Chenopodium missouriense CHENOPODIUM MURALE CHENOPODIUM OPULIFOLIUM Chenopodium pallescens Chenopodium pratericola* CHENOPODIUM PUMILIO CHENOPODIUM RUBRUM Chenopodium simplex Ch di all Chenopodium strictum var. glaucophyllum CHENOPODIUM URBICUM CHENOPODIUM WATSONII Chionanthus virginicus Chloris verticillata CHLORIS VIRGATA CHORISPORA TENELLA CICHORIUM INT YBUS Cicuta maculata Cinna arundinacea Circaea canadensis Cirsium altissimum CIRSIUM ARVENSE CIRSIUM CANESCENS Cirsium carolinianum Cirsium discolor Cirsium muticum CIRSIUM TEXANUM Cirsium undulatum CIRSIUM VULGARE Cissus trifoliata CITRULLUS LANATUS CITRUS TRIFOLIATA PHYSIOG Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt TREE Nt P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt W-VINE Ad A-FORB Ad SHRUB COMMON NAME Jerusalem Oak Bush's Goosefoot Strawberry Blite Narrow-Leaved Goosefoot Fig-Leaved Goosefoot Oak-Leaved Goosefoot Hoary Goosefoot Missouri Goosefoot Nettle-Leaved Goosefoot Broad-Leaved Lamb's Quarters Pale Goosefoot Desert Goosefoot Small Crumbweed Red Goosefoot Maple-Leaved Goosefoot Woodland Goosefoot Late Goosefoot City Goosefoot Watson's Goosefoot Fringe Tree Windmill Grass Feather Finger Grass Purple Rocket Chicory Water Hemlock Common Wood Reed Enchanter's Nightshade Tall Thistle Canada Thistle Platte Thistle Carolina Thistle Field Thistle Swamp Thistle Texas Thistle Wavy-Leaved Thistle Bull Thistle Marine Vine Watermelon Hardy Orange Table 1 ACRON CLAMAR CLAKEN CLAPER CLAVIR CLECAT CLECRI CLEFRE CLEPIT CLETER CLEVER CLEVIO CLEVIR CLEHAS CLESER CLIACI CLIARK CLIMAR COCCAR COEVIR COECYL COLVER COLVIO COLCAN COLLIN COMUMB COMCAR COMCOM COMDIF COMERE COMVIR CONMAC CONCOE CONORI CONMAI CONARV cONcaAc! CONCAPT CONRAM CORODO OV * Ale) «i oOo SCIENTIFIC NAME CLADIUM MARISCUS subsp. JAMAICENSE* Cladrastis kentukea CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA Claytonia virginica Clematis catesbyana Clematis crispa Clematis fremontii Clematis pitcheri CLEMATIS TERNIFLORA Clematis versicolor Clematis viorna Clematis virginiana CLEOME HASSLERIANA Cleome serrulata CLINOPODIUM ACINOS Clinopodium arkansanum Clitoria mariana Cocculus carolinus Coeloglossum viride Coelorachis cylindrica Collinsia verna Collinsia violacea Collinsonia canadensis COLLOMIA LINEARIS Comandra umbellata COMMELINA CAROLINIANA COMMELINA COMMUNIS COMMELINA DIFFUSA Commelina erecta Commelina virginica CONIUM MACULATUM Conoclinium coelestinum CONRINGIA ORIENTALIS CONVALLARIA MAJALIS CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS Conyza canadensis var. canadensis Conyza canadensis var. pusilla Conyza ramosissima Corallorhiza odontorhiza Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 50 PHYSIOG Ad P-SEDGE Nt TREE Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Ad W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt W-VINE Nt P-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Sawgrass Yellow Wood Miner's Lettuce Spring Beauty Satincurls Swamp Leather Flower Fremont's Leather Flower Leather Flower Sweet Autumn Clematis Small Leather Flower Vase Vine Virgin's Bower Spider Flower Rocky Mountain Bee Plant Mother-Of-Thyme Low Calamint Butterfly Pea Carolina Snailseed Frog Orchid Joint Grass Blue-Eyed Mary Violet Collinsia Richweed Slender Gilia False Toadflax Carolina Dayflower Common Dayflower Creeping Dayflower Narrow-Leaved Dayflower Virginia Dayflower Poison Hemlock Mistflower Hare's Ear Mustard Lily Of The Valley Field Bindweed Horseweed Small Canada Fleabane Dwarf Fleabane Late Coral Root Table 1 ACRON CORWIS CORGRA CORLAN CORPAL CORPUB CORTIN CORTRI CORSAT CORIAM™ CORIPA! CORIVI' CORALT CORAMO CORDRU CORFLO CORFOF' CORFOR' CORAUAT CORAUOT CORCRY CORFLA CORMIAtT CORMIM'" CORYAM! COSBIP COSPAR COSSUL COTTIN COTOBO COTACU CRABER CRABIL CRACAL CRACOC CRACOL CRACRU CRAFEC CRAGAT CRALAN ‘Oo * | CA] GO] Go] Be) Bl a) cal Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 5] SCIENTIFIC NAME Corallorhiza wisteriana Coreopsis grandiflora Coreopsis lanceolata Coreopsis palmata Coreopsis pubescens Coreopsis tinctoria Coreopsis tripteris CORIANDRUM SATIVUM Corispermum americanum Corispermum pallassii Corispermum villosum Cornus alternifolia Cornus amomum subsp. obliqua“ Corus drummondii Cornus florida Cornus foemina subsp. foemina“ Cornus foemina subsp. racemosa~ Corydalis aurea subsp. aurea Corydalis aurea subsp. occidentalis Corydalis crystallina Corydalis flavula Corydalis micrantha subsp. australis Corydalis micrantha subsp. micrantha Corylus americana COSMOS BIPINNATUS COSMOS PARVIFLORUS COSMOS SULPHUREUS COTA TINCTORIA Cotinus obovatus COTONEASTER ACUTIFOLIUS Crataegus berberifolia Crataegus biltmoreana Crataegus calpodendron Crataegus coccinioides Crataegus collina* Crataegus crus-galli Crataegus fecunda Crataegus gattingeri Crataegus lanuginosa PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt TREE Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt TREE Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt A-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt SHRUB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt TREE Ad SHRUB Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE COMMON NAME Wister's Coral Root Large-Flowered Coreopsis Sand Coreopsis Prairie Coreopsis Star Tickseed Golden Coreopsis Tall Coreopsis Coriander Small Bugseed Common Bugseed Eastern Bugseed Pagoda Dogwood Pale Dogwood. Rough-Leaved Dogwood Flowering Dogwood Stiff Dogwood Gray Dogwood Golden Corydalis Golden Corydalis Mealy Corydalis Pale Corydalis Hale's Corydalis Small-Flowered Corydalis American Hazelnut Common Cosmos Small-Flowered Cosmos Sulphur Cosmos Yellow Chamomile American Smoke Tree Peking Cotoneaster Barberry-Leaved Hawthorn Biltmore Hawthorn Sugar Hawthorn Kansas Hawthorn Hillside Hawthorn Cockspur Hawthorn Fruitful Hawthorn Gatinger's Hawthorn Woolly Hawthorn Table 1 ACRON CRAMAC CRAMAG! CRAMASt CRAMOL CRANEO CRAPAD CRAPHA CRAPRU CRAREV CRARUB CRASCH CRASIC CRASPA CRASUC CRATEX CRAUNI CRAVIR CRECAP CREPUL CRESET CRETEC CROSAG CROSPE CROcCACT CROCAL' CROGLA CROLIN CROMIC CROMON CROTEX CROWIL CRYSCH CRYCAN CUBCON CUCMEL CUCSAT CUCFOE cucpov' cucpoz! Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Crataegus macracantha Crataegus margarettae Crataegus marshallii Crataegus mollis Crataegus neobushii Crataegus padifolia Crataegus phaenopyrum Crataegus pruinosa Crataegus reverchonii Crataegus rubella Crataegus schuettei* Crataegus sicca Crataegus spathulata Crataegus succulenta Crataegus texana Crataegus uniflora Crataegus viridis CREPIS CAPILLARIS CREPIS PULCHRA CREPIS SETOSA CREPIS TECTORUM Crotalaria sagittalis CROTALARIA SPECT ABILIS Croton capitatus var. capitatus Croton capitatus var. lindheimeri Croton glandulosus var. septentrionalis CROTON LINDHEIMERIANUS Croton michauxii Croton monanthogynus CROTON TEXENSIS Croton wildenowii CRYPSIS SCHOENOIDES Cryptotaenia canadensis Cubelium concolor CUCUMIS MELO CUCUMIS SATIVUS CUCURBITA FOETIDISSIMA CUCURBITA PEPO var. OVIFERA Cucurbita pepo var. ozarkana PHYSIOG Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Ad A-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB wa 2 COMMON NAME Largethorn Hawthorn Margarets Hawthorn Parsley Hawthorn Downy Hawthorn St. Clair Hawthorn Bird-Cherry Hawthorn Washington Thorn Frosted Hawthorn Reverchon Hawthorn Rosy Hawthorn Schuette Hawthorn Smooth Hawthorn Littlehip Hawthorn Fleshy Hawthorn Texas Red Hawthorn One-Flower Hawthorn Green Haw Hawk's Beard Small-Flowered Hawk's Beard Bristly Hawk's Beard Sand Rushfoil Rattlebox Showy Crotalaria Hogwort Woolly Croton Sand Croton Lindheimer's Croton Slender Rushfoil Prairie Tea Skunk Weed Common Rushfoil False Timothy Honewort Green Violet Muskmelon Cucumber Missouri Gourd Ornamental Gourd Yellow-Flowered Gourd Table 1 ACRON CUNORI CUPVIS CUSCAM CUSCEP CUSCOM CUSCOR CUSCUS CUSGLO CUSGRO CUSIND CUSOBT CUSPEN CUSPOL CYCXAN CYCATR CYLIMB CYMMUR CYNLAE CYNLOU CYNDAC CYNCRE CYNOFF CYNVIR CYNDIG CYNECH CYPACU CYPBIP CYPCOM CYPCRO CYPDIA CYPDIF CYPECH CYPERY CYPESC CYPFLNt CYPFLC! CYPFUS CYPGRA CYPHYS RON MOY WHA HATA BEAO * o * * ¥en oN WwW * Oo oO Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Cunila origanoides Cuphea viscosissima Cuscuta campestris Cuscuta cephalanthi Cuscuta compacta Cuscuta coryli Cuscuta cuspidata Cuscuta glomerata Cuscuta gronovii Cuscuta indecora Cuscuta obtusiflora var. glandulosa“ Cuscuta pentagona Cuscuta polygonorum Cyclachaena xanthifolia Cycloloma atriplicifolium CYLINDROPUNTIA IMBRICATA CYMBALARIA MURALIS Cynanchum laeve CYNANCHUM LOUISEAE CYNODON DACT YLON CYNOGLOSSUM CRETICUM CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE Cynoglossum virginianum Cynosciadium digitatum CYNOSURUS ECHINATUS Cyperus acuminatus Cyperus bipartitus Cyperus compressus Cyperus croceus Cyperus diandrus CYPERUS DIFFORMIS Cyperus echinatus Cyperus erythrorhizos Cyperus esculentus Cyperus flavescens var. poiformis CYPERUS FLAVICOMIS CYPERUS FUSCUS Cyperus grayoides Cyperus hystricinus PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad SHRUB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-GRASS Ad A-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-GRASS Nt A-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Ad A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Ad A-SEDGE Ad A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE COMMON NAME Dittany Waxweed Prairie Dodder Buttonbush Dodder Compact Dodder Hazel Dodder Cusp Dodder Rope Dodder Common Dodder Large Alfalfa Dodder Peruvian Dodder Field Dodder Knotweed Dodder Burweed Marsh Elder Winged Pigweed Tree Cholla Kenilworth Ivy Bluevine Black Swallowwort Bermuda Grass Blue Hound's Tongue Common Hound's Tongue Wild Comfrey Pinnate Dog-Celery Dog's Tail Grass Short-Pointed Cyperus Brook Sedge Coco Grass Bladwin Flatsedge Umbrella Flatsedge Variable Flatsedge Ball Sedge Red-Rooted Sedge Chufa Yellow Flatsedge White-Edged Cyperus Brown Flatsedge Illinois Flatsedge Bristly Flatsedge 53 Table 1 ACRON CYPIRI CYPLAN CYPLULt CYPLUM! CYPODO CYPPLU CYPPOL CYPPSE CYPREF CYPREX' CYPREC! CYPRER! CYPROT CYPSCH CYPSET CYPSQU CYPSTR CYPPAR! CYPPUB! CYPCAN CYPREG CYSBUL CYSPRO CYSTES' CYSTEU! DACGLO DALCAN DALENN DALGAT DALLEP DALMUL DALPUR DALVIL DANSPI DASMAC DATINO DATSTR DATWRI en Ww Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME CYPERUS IRIA Cyperus lancastriensis Cyperus lupulinus subsp. lupulinus Cyperus lupulinus subsp. macilentus Cyperus odoratus Cyperus plukenettii Cyperus polystachyos var. texensis Cyperus pseudovegetus Cyperus refractus Cyperus retroflexus Cyperus retrofractus CYPERUS RETRORSUS CYPERUS ROTUNDUS Cyperus schweinitzii Cyperus setigerus Cyperus squarrosus Cyperus strigosus Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens Cypripedium candidum Cypripedium reginae Cystopteris bulbifera Cystopteris protrusa Cystopteris tennesseensis Cystopteris tenuis DACTYLIS GLOMERATA Dalea candida Dalea enneandra Dalea gattingeri Dalea leporina Dalea multiflora Dalea purpurea DALEA VILLOSA Danthonia spicata Dasistoma macrophyllum DATURA INOXIA DATURA STRAMONIUM DATURA WRIGHTII PHYSIOG Ad A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Ad P-SEDGE Ad P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Ad P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB COMMON NAME Tria Flatsedge Many-Flowered Flatsedge Slender Flatsedge Slender Flatsedge Fragrant Flatsedge Plunkenet's Cyperus Many-Spike Flatsedge Green Flatsedge Reflexed Flatsedge One-Flowered Flatsedge Rough Flatsedge Pine Barrens Flatsedge Nut Grass Rough Sand Flatsedge Leon Flatsedge Awned Flatsedge Straw-Colored Flatsedge 54 Small Yellow Lady's Slipper Large Yellow Lady's Slipper White Lady's Slipper Showy Lady's Slipper Bulblet Fern Southern Fern Tennessee Bladder Fern Fragile Fern Orchard Grass White Prairie Clover Nine-Anthered Prairie Clover Glade Prairie Clover Foxtail Dalea Round-Headed Prairie Clover Purple Prairie Clover Silky Prairie Clover Poverty Oat Grass Mullein Foxglove Angel's Trumpet Jimson Weed Sacred Thorn-Apple Table 1 ACRON DAUCAR DAUPUS DECVER DELAJA DELCAC! DELCAV! DELCON DELEXA DELTRE DELTRI DENPUN DEPACR DESPIB! DESPIP" DESSOP DESAIL' DESLEP DESHUM DESCAD! DESCASt DESCIL DESCUS DESGLA DESOIL' DESLAE DESMAR DESNUT DESOBT DESOCH DESPAN DESPER DESROT DESSES DESSTR DESVIR DIAARM DIABAR DIADEL = i) * x Ww Anna AN DH W mA HA BR w Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 55 SCIENTIFIC NAME DAUCUS CAROTA Daucus pusillus Decodon verticillatus DELPHINIUM AJACIS Delphinium carolinianum subsp. carolimanum Delphinium carolinianum subsp. virescens DELPHINIUM CONSOLIDA Delphinium exaltatum Delphinium treleasei Delphinium tricorne Dennstaedtia punctilobula Deparia acrostichoides Descurainia pinnata subsp. brachycarpa Descurainia pinnata subsp. pinnata DESCURAINIA SOPHIA Desmanthus illinoensis DESMANTHUS LEPTOLOBUS Desmodium < humifusum Desmodium canadense Desmodium canescens Desmodium ciliare Desmodium cuspidatum Desmodium glabellum Desmodium illinoense Desmodium laevigatum Desmodium marilandicum Desmodium nuttallii Desmodium obtusum Desmodium ochroleucum Desmodium paniculatum Desmodium perplexum Desmodium rotundifolium Desmodium sessilifolium Desmodium strictum Desmodium viridiflorum DIANTHUS ARMERIA DIANTHUS BARBATUS DIANTHUS DELTOIDES PHYSIOG Ad B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt SHRUB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB COMMON NAME Queen Anne's Lace Small Wild Carrot Swamp Loosestrife Rocket Larkspur Carolina Larkspur Prairie Larkspur Forking Larkspur Tall Larkspur Trelease's Larkspur Dwarf Larkspur Hay-Scented Fern Silvery Spleenwort Green Tansy Mustard Gray Tansy Mustard Flixweed Illinois Bundle Flower Creeping Bundle flower Trailing Tick Trefoil Showy Tick Trefoil Hoary Tick Trefoil Hairy Tick Trefoil Bracted Tick Trefoil Dilleni's Tick Trefoil Illinois Tick Trefoil Smooth Tick Trefoil Small-Leaved Tick Trefoil Nuttall's Tick Trefoil Stiff Tick Trefoil Cream-Flowered Tick Trefoil Panicled Tick Trefoil Confusing Trefoil Round-Leaved Tick Trefoil Sessile-Leaved Tick Trefoil Sand Tick Trefoil Velvetleaf Tick Trefoil Deptford Pink Sweet William Maiden Pink Table 1 ACRON DIAPLU DIAPRO DIAAME DIAOBO DICCAN DICCUC DICANG DICANN DICASH DICBIC DICBOS DICCLA DICCOL pDiccos' DICCOM DICDEP DICDIB' DICDIDt DICDIy? DICIMP DICJIOO DICLAN DICLAT DICLAX DICLEI DICLIDt DICLIL" DICLON DICMAL DICMIC DICNIT DICOLOt DICOLst DICPER. DICPOL DICPRA a * * barbulatum “ 8 | Dichantheli Oo DW oO SCIENTIFIC NAME DIANTHUS PLUMARIUS DIAPERIA PROLIFERA Diarrhena americana Diarrhena obovata Dicentra canadensis Dicentra cucullaria Dichanthelium angustifolium * Dichanthelium annulum Dichanthelium ashei* Dichanthelium bicknellii* Dichanthelium boscii Dic! halj Jan Dichanthelium columbianum* Dict : Dichantheli commutatum : hanthel; Thala Dict als int dichotomum Dichantheli yadkinense* Dichanthelium implicatum “ Dichanthelium joorii* Dic rae 1 <: « Dichanthelium latifolium Dichanthelium laxiflorum Dichanthelium leibergii Dichanthelium lindheimeri* Dichanthelium linearifolium var. linearifolium Dichantheli Dict hala 1 vd]. Dict halj Dichanthelium nitidum Diet oligosanthes Dichantheli ale A 1 scribnerianum Dichanthelium perlongum* Dichanthelium polyanthes* Dichanthelium praecocius* Var. Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora PHYSIOG Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS wn 6 COMMON NAME Garden Pink Pygmy Cudweed American Beak Grass Obovate Beak Grass Squirrel Corn Dutchman's Breeches Needle-Leaved Panic Grass Ringed Panic Grass Ashe's Panic Grass Bicknell's Panic Grass Bosc's Panic Grass Deer Tongue Grass Hemlock Panic Grass Common's Panic Grass Variable Panic Grass Starved Panic Grass Forked Panic Grass Forked Panic Grass Yadkin Panic Grass Hairy Panic Grass Joor's Panic Grass Wooly Panic Grass Broad-Leaved Panic Grass Lax-Flowered Panic Grass Prairie Panic Grass Lindheimer's Panic Grass Slender-Leaved Panic Grass Coastal Plain Panic Grass Soft-Leaved Panic Grass Small-Fruited Panic Grass Shining Panic Grass Few-Flowered Panic Grass Scribner's Panic Grass Long-Stalked Panic Grass Many-Flowered Panic Grass Early-Branching Panic Grass Table 1 ACRON DICRAV DICSCO DICSPH DICVIL DICWER' DICCON DICCAR DICBRA DICALB DIDDIA DIGCIL DIGCOG DIGFIL DIGISC DIGSAN DIGVIO DIODTE' pDIopvi' DIOOPP DIOQUA DIOVIL DIosvi' DIPPYC DIPMUR DIPFUL DIPLAC DIRPAL DISSPP! DISSPTt DOEUMB DRAAPR DRABRA DRACUN DRAREP DRAVER DRAPAR DRYARG DRYCAR DRYCEL EN AMAAO Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 57 SCIENTIFIC NAME Dichanthelium ravenelii Dichanthelium scoparium Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon ar ee Wy « D: V Dichanthelium werneri* DICHELOSTEMMA CONGESTUM DICHONDRA CAROLINENSIS* Dicliptera brachiata DICTAMNUS ALBUS Didiplis diandra DIGITARIA CILIARIS Digitaria cognata Digitaria filiformis DIGITARIA ISCHAEMUM DIGITARIA SANGUINALIS DIGITARIA VIOLASCENS Diodia teres Diodia virginiana DIOSCOREA OPPOSITIFOLIA Dioscorea quaternata Dioscorea villosa Diospyros virginiana Diplazium pycnocarpon DIPLOTAXIS MURALIS DIPSACUS FULLONUM DIPSACUS LACINIATUS Direa palustris * Distichlis spicata var. spicata DISTICHLIS SPICATA var. STRICTA Doellingeria umbellata var. pubens Draba aprica Draba brachycarpa Draba cuneifolia Draba reptans DRABA VERNA DRACOCEPH ALUM PARVIFLORUM. Drymocallis arguta Dryopteris carthusiana Dryopteris celsa PHYSIOG Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt TREE Nt FERN Ad A-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN COMMON NAME Ravenel's Panic Grass Velvety Panic Grass Round-Fruited Panic Grass White-Haired Panic Grass Werner's Panic Grass Garden Bluebells Carolina Ponyfoot Wild Mudwort Gas Plant Water Purslane Southern Crab Grass Fall Witch Grass Slender Crab Grass Smooth Crab Grass Hairy Crab Grass Violet Crab Grass Buttonweed Large Buttonweed Chinese Yam Four-Leaf Yam Wild Yam Persimmon Narrow-Leaved Spleenwort Wall Rocket Common Teasel Cut-Leaved Teasel Leatherwood Seashore Salt Grass Inland Salt Grass Flat-Top Aster Whitlow Grass Short-Fruited Whitlow Grass Wedgeleaf Draba Common Whitlow Grass Vernal Whitlow Grass American Dragonhead Prairie Cinquefoil Spinulose Shield Fern Log Fern Table 1 ACRON DRYCRI DRYGOL DRYINT DRYMAR DUCIND DULARU DYSPAP ECHANG ECHPAL ECHPAR ECHPUR ECHSIM ECHCOL ECHCRG" ECHCRP* ECHMUR ECHWAL ECHLOB ECHBER ECHCOR ECHTEN ECHVUL ECLPRO EGEDEN EICCRA ELAANG ELAUMB ELATRI ELEACI ELEATR ELECOAt™ ELECOC! ELEELL ELEENG ELEEQU ELEERY ELELAN ELEMAC ELEOBT * ¥en Mon we 10 * % Ww = = Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Dryopteris cristata Dryopteris goldiana Dryopteris intermedia Dryopteris marginalis DUCHESNEA INDICA Dulichium arundinaceum Dyssodia papposa Echinacea angustifolia“ Echinacea pallida Echinacea paradoxa Echinacea purpurea Echinacea simulata ECHINOCHLOA COLONUM ECHINOCHLOA CRUSGALLI ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-PAVONIS var. MACERA Echinochloa muricata Echinochloa walteri Echinocystis lobata Echinodorus berteroi Echinodorus cordifolius Echinodorus tenellus ECHIUM VULGARE Eclipta prostrata EGERIA DENSA EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES ELAEAGNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA ELAEAGNUS UMBELLATA Elatine triandra Eleocharis acicularis Eleocharis atropurpurea Eleocharis compressa var. acutisquamata* Eleocharis compressa var. compressa Eleocharis elliptica Eleocharis engelmannii~ Eleocharis equisetoides Eleocharis erythropoda Eleocharis lanceolata Eleocharis macrostachya* Eleocharis obtusa“ PHYSIOG Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Ad P-FORB Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt A-FORB Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE an 8 COMMON NAME Crested Shield Fern Goldie Fern Intermediate Shield Fern Marginal Shield Fern Indian Strawberry Pond Sedge Fetid Marigold Narrow-Leafed Coneflower Pale Purple Coneflower Yellow Coneflower Purple Coneflower Glade Purple Coneflower Jungle Rice Barnyard Grass Gulf Cockspur Grass Cockspur Grass Marsh Cockspur Grass Wild Cucumber Upright Burhead Creeping Burhead Dwarf Burhead Blueweed Yerba De Tajo Brazilian Waterweed Water Hyacinth Russian Olive Autumn Olive Waterwort Needle Spike Rush Purple Spike Rush Flat-Stemmed Spike Rush Flat-Stemmed Spike Rush Elliptic Spike Rush Engelmann's Spike Rush Knotted Spike Rush Bald Spike Rush Daggerleaf Spike-Rush Pale Spike-Rush Blunt Spike Rush Table 1 ACRON ELEOVA ELEPAL ELEPAR ELEQUA ELETEN ELEVER ELEWOL ELEXYR ELECAR ELEIND ELETRI ELLNYC ELOCAN ELONUT ELYCAN ELYCHU ELYCUR ELYELO ELYGLR' ELYGLU' ELYHYS ELYJE] ELYLON ELYMAC ELYREP ELYRIP ELYTRA ELYVIL ELYVIR ENGPER EPIVIR EPICIL EPICOL EPILEP EPIHEL EQUFER EQUNEL EQUARV EQUHYE WN OBA UMA WN * woe SCIENTIFIC NAME Eleocharis ovata“ Eleocharis palustris Eleocharis parvula Eleocharis quadrangulata Eleocharis tenuis var. atrata“ Eleocharis verrucosa Eleocharis wolfii Eleocharis xyridiformis* Elephantopus carolinianus ELEUSINE INDICA ELEUSINE TRISTACHYA Ellisia nyctelea Elodea canadensis Elodea nuttallii Elymus canadensis Elymus churchii* Elymus curvatus~ ELYMUS ELONGATUS subsp. PONTICUS Elymus glabriflorus* Elymus glaucus Elymus hystrix Elymus jejunus* ELYMUS LONGIFOLIUS Elymus macgregorii* ELYMUS REPENS Elymus riparius ELYMUS TRACHYCAULUS Elymus villosus Elymus virginicus ENGELMANNIA PERISTENIA Epifagus virginiana EPILOBIUM CILIATUM Epilobium coloratum Epilobium leptophyllum EPIPACTIS HELLEBORINE Equisetum * ferrissii Equisetum x nelsonii Equisetum arvense Equisetum hyemale Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora PHYSIOG Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-FORB Ad A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN COMMON NAME Oval Spike Rush Marsh Spike Rush Small Spike-Rush Angled Spike Rush Wiry Spike Rush Slender Spike Rush Wolf's Spike Rush Big Flat Spike Rush Elephant's Foot Indian Goose Grass Threespike Goose Grass Aunt Lucy Common Waterweed Slender Waterweed Canada Wild Rye Church's Wild Rye Awnless Wild Rye Tall Wheat Grass Southeastern Wild Rye Blue Wild Rye Bottlebrush Grass Virginia Wild Rye Squirreltail Early Wild Rye Quack Grass Riverbank Wild Rye Slender Wheat Grass Silky Wild Rye Virginia Wild Rye Engelmann's Daisy Beech Drops Fringed Willow Herb Cinnanmon Willow Herb Fen Willow Herb Hellerborine Ferriss! Horsetail Fen Horsetail Horsetail Scouring Rush Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 60 Table 1 ACRON C SCIENTIFIC NAME PHYSIOG COMMON NAME EQULAE 4 Equisetum laevigatum Nt FERN Smooth Scouring Rush ERABAR * ERAGROSTIS BARRELIERI Ad A-GRASS Mediterranean Love Grass ERACAP 3 Eragrostis capillaris Nt A-GRASS Lace Grass ERACIL * ERAGROSTIS CILIANENSIS Ad A-GRASS Stink Grass ERACUT! * ERAGROSTIS CURTIPEDICELLATA Ad P-GRASS Gummy Love Grass ERACUV! * ERAGROSTIS CURVULA Ad P-GRASS Weeping Love Grass ERAELL * ERAGROSTIS ELLIOTTII Ad P-GRASS _ Elliott's Love Grass ERAFRA 3 Eragrostis frankii Nt A-GRASS Sandbar Love Grass ERAGLO 4 Eragrostis glomerata Nt A-GRASS Pond Love Grass ERAHIR 4 Eragrostis hirsuta Nt P-GRASS _ Bigtop Love Grass ERAHYP 4 Eragrostis hypnoides Nt A-GRASS Creeping Love Grass ERAINT 5 Eragrostis intermedia Nt P-GRASS _ Plains Love Grass ERAMIN * ERAGROSTIS MINOR Ad A-GRASS Little Love Grass ERAPEM! * ERAGROSTIS PECTINACEA var. Ad A-GRASS Carolina Love Grass MISERRIMA ERAPEP* 0 Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea Nt A-GRASS Small Love Grass ERAPIL * ERAGROSTIS PILOSA Ad A-GRASS India Love Grass ERAREP 10 Eragrostis reptans Nt A-GRASS Pony Grass ERASEC * ERAGROSTIS SECUNDIFLORA subsp. Ad P-GRASS Red Love Grass OXYLEPIS ERASPE 3 Eragrostis spectabilis Nt P-GRASS Purple Love Grass ERATRI 4 Eragrostis trichodes Nt P-GRASS | Tall Love Grass ERAH YE * ERANTHUS HYEMALIS Ad P-FORB — Winter Aconite EREHIE 1 Erechtites hieracifolius Nt A-FORB _ Fireweed ERIALO 8 Erianthus alopecuroides Nt P-GRASS _ Silver Plumegrass ERIGIG * ERIANTHUS GIGANTEUS Ad P-GRASS Sugarcane Plumegrass ERIRAV * ERIANTHUS RAVENNAE Ad P-GRASS Plumegrass ERISTT 10 Erianthus strictus Nt P-GRASS Narrow Plumegrass ERIBUL 6 Erigenia bulbosa NtP-FORB Harbinger Of Spring ERIGAN' 1 Erigeron annuus Nt A-FORB — Annual Fleabane ERIPHI 3 Erigeron philadelphicus NtB-FORB Marsh Fleabane ERIPUL 6 Erigeron pulchellus Nt B-FORB _ Robin's Plantain ERISTG" 3 Erigeron strigosus Nt A-FORB _ Daisy Fleabane ERITEN 4 Erigeron tenuis Nt P-FORB Slender Rough Fleabane ERIACU * ERIOCHLOA ACUMINATA Ad A-GRASS Cup Grass ERICON * ERIOCHLOA CONTRACTA Ad A-GRASS Prairie Cup Grass ERIVIL * ERIOCHLOA VILLOSA Ad A-GRASS Wooly Cup Grass ERIOAN * ERIOGONUM ANNUUM Ad A-FORB — Annual Buckwheat ERILON 10 Eriogonum longifolium NtP-FORB — Umbrella Plant EROCIC * ERODIUM CICUTARIUM Ad A-FORB _ Storksbill Table 1 ACRON EROTEX ERUVES ERUGAL ERYLEA ERYPRO ERYYUC ERYCAP ERYCHE ERYINC ERYREP ERY ALB ERY AME ERYMES ERYROS ESCCAL EUOALA EUOAME EUOATR EUOEUR EUOHED EUOOBO EUPALB EUPALT EUPCAP EUPFIS EUPHYS EUPMAC EUPPER, EUPPUR EUPROT EUPSEM EUPSER EUPSES EUPTOR EPHCOMt™ EPHCOR? EPHCYAt EPHCYP! a x & & * Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 6] SCIENTIFIC NAME ERODIUM TEXANUM ERUCA VESICARIA subsp. SATIVA ERUCASTRUM GALLICUM ERYNGIUM LEAVENWORTHII Eryngium prostratum Eryngium yuccifolium Erysimum capitatum ERYSIMUM CHEIRANTHOIDES ERYSIMUM INCONSPICUUM ERYSIMUM REPANDUM Erythronium albidum Erythronium americanum Erythronium mesochoreum Erythronium rostratum ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA EUONYMUS ALATUS Euonymus americanus Euonymus atropurpureus EUONYMUS EUROPAEUS EUONYMUS HEDERACEUS Euonymus obovatus Eupatorium album“ Eupatorium altissimum EUPATORIUM CAPILLIFOLIUM Eupatorium fistulosum Eupatorium hyssopifolium var. calcaratum Eupatorium maculatum Eupatorium perfoliatum Eupatorium purpureum Eupatorium rotundifolium Eupatorium semiserratum Eupatorium serotinum Eupatorium sessilifolium Eupatorium torreyanum * Euphorbia commutata Euphorbia corollata Euphorbia cyathophora EUPHORBIA CYPARISSIAS PHYSIOG Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB COMMON NAME Large-Flowered Storkbill Garden Rocket Dog Mustard Leavenworth Eryngo Creeping Coyote Thistle Rattlesnake Master Western Wallflower Wormseed Mustard Small Wormseed Mustard Treacle Mustard White Trout Lily Yellow Trout Lily Prairie Trout Lily Southern Yellow Trout Lily California Poppy Winged Wahoo Strawberry Bush Wahoo European Spindletree Wintercreeper Running Strawberry Bush White Throughwort Tall Boneset Yankeeweed Hollow Joe Pye Weed Hyssop-Leaved Thoroughwort Spotted Joe Pye Weed Common Boneset Purple Joe Pye Weed Round-Leaved Boneset Small-Flowered Thoroughwort Late Boneset Upland Boneset Torrey's Boneset Tinted Spurge Flowering Spurge Painted Spurge Cypress Spurge Table 1 ACRON EPHDAV' EPHDEN'™ EPHESU't EPHGEY' EPHGLY™ EPHHUM'" EPHMAct EPHMAR? EPHMIS' EPHNUT" EPHOBT! EUPOPT EUPOUA EPHPRO! EPHSEE! EPHSEY! EPHSPA' EPHSTI' EURFUR EURHEM EURMAC EUTGRA EUTGYM EUTLEP EVOALS EVONUT EXORAC FAGESC FAGGRA FALVUL FALCON FALDUM FALJAP FALSCA FATVIL FESARU FESOVI FESPAR Fw COD MHwW OWA eh ED eo x * WW & & & & 0 & & CO * * Ov SCIENTIFIC NAME Euphorbia davidii Euphorbia dentata EUPHORBIA ESULA Euphorbia geyeri Euphorbia glyptosperma Euphorbia humistrata Euphorbia maculata Euphorbia marginata Euphorbia missurica Euphorbia nutans Euphorbia obtusata EUPHORBIA OPTHALMICA Euphorbia ouachitana* EUPHORBIA PROSTRATA Euphorbia serpens EUPHORBIA SERPYLLIFOLIA* Euphorbia spathulata EUPHORBIA STICTOSPORA Eurybia furcata Eurybia hemispherica Eurybia macrophylla Euthamia graminifolia Euthamia gymnospermoides Euthamia leptocephala EVOLVULUS ALSINOIDES Evolvulus nuttallianus EXOCHORDA RACEMOSA FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM Fagus grandifolia FALCARIA VULGARIS FALLOPIA CONVOLVULUS FALLOPIA DUMETORUM FALLOPIA JAPONICA Fallopia scandens FATOUA VILLOSA FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA FESTUCA OVINA Festuca paradoxa Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora PHYSIOG Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Ad A-FORB Nt TREE Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS 62 COMMON NAME Narrow-Lesved Toothed Spurge Toothed Spurge Leafy Spurge Geyer's Spurge Ridge-Seeded Spurge Spreading Spurge Creeping Spurge Snow-On-T he-Mountain Missouri Spurge Nodding Spurge Blunt-Leaved Spurge Florida Hammock Sandmat Ouachita Spurge Groundfig Spurge Round-Leaved Spurge Thyme-Leaved Spurge Prairie Spurge Mat Spurge Forked Aster Southern Swamp Aster Big-Leaved Aster Hairy Grass-Leaved Goldenro: Viscid Grass-Leaved Goldenrod Western Bushy Goldenrod Dwarf Morning Glory Shaggy Evolvulus Common Pearlbush Buckwheat Beech Sickleweed Black Bindweed False Buckwheat Weed Japanese Knotweed Climbing False Buckwheat Hairy Crabweed Tall Fescue Sheep Fescue Cluster Fescue io} * * Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME FESTUCA PRATENSIS FESTUCA RUBRA FESTUCA SORORIA Festuca subverticillata FESTUCA TRACHYPHYLLA Filipendula rubra Fimbristylis annua Fimbristylis autumnalis FIMBRIST YLIS LITTORALIS Fimbristylis puberula Fimbristylis vahlii FLAVERIA CAMPESTRIS Fleischmannia incarnata Floerkea proserpinacoides FOENICULUM VULGARE FONTANESIA PHILLYREOIDES subsp. FORTUNEI Forestiera acuminata FORSYTHIA SUSPENSA FRAGARIA « ANANASSA Fragaria vesca var. americana Fragaria virginiana Frasera caroliniensis Fraxinus americana Fraxinus biltmoreana 1 7 1 Fraxinus £ var. p Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima“* Fraxinus profunda Fraxinus quadrangulata Fraxinus smallii* Froelichia floridana var. campestris Froelichia gracilis Fuirena simplex var. aristatula Fuirena simplex var. simplex FUMARIA OFFICINALIS Gaillardia aestivalis var. flavovirens GAILLARDIA PULCHELLA Galactia regularis GALANTHUS NIVALIS a PHYSIOG Ad P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt A-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Ad A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt TREE Ad SHRUB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB COMMON NAME Meadow Fescue Red Fescue Ravine Fescue Nodding Fescue Hard Fescue Queen of the Prairie Tall Fimbry Autumn Sedge Grassy-Like Fimbry Glade Fimbry Vahl's Fimbry Plains Flaveria Pink Thoroughwort False Mermaid Fennel Persian Lilac Swamp Privet Weeping Forsythia Garden Strawberry Hillside Strawberry Wild Strawberry American Columbo White Ash Biltmore Ash Red Ash Green Ash Pumpkin Ash Blue Ash Sullivan's Ash Large Cottonweed Small Cottonweed Plains Umbrella Grass Umbrella Grass Fumitory Yellow Blanket Flower Blanket Flower Milk Pea Snowdrop 63 Table 1 ACRON GALSPE GALTET GALPAR GALQUA GALANG GALAPA GALARK GALASP GALBOR GALCIR GALCON GALDIV GALOBT GALPED GALPIL GALTIN GALTRI GALVER GALVIR GAMARG GAMPEN GAMPUR GAUCOC GAULON GAUPAR GAUSIN GAYBAC GENALB GENANAT GENANK? GENPUB GENQUI GEOMIN GERCAR GERCOL GERDIS GERMAC GERMOL GERPUS sa * * wn * a Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Galearis spectabilis GALEOPSIS TETRAHIT GALINSOGA PARVIFLORA GALINSOGA QUADRIRADIATA GALIUM ANGLICUM Galium aparine Galium arkansanum Galium asprellum Galium boreale Galium circaezans Galium concinnum GALIUM DIVARICATUM Galium obtusum GALIUM PEDEMONT ANUM Galium pilosum Galium tinctorium Galium triflorum GALIUM VERUM Galium virgatum Gamochaeta argyrinea GAMOCHAETA PENSYLVANICA Gamochaeta purpurea Gaura coccinea Gaura longiflora Gaura parviflora GAURA SINUATA Gaylussacia baccata Gentiana alba Gentiana andrewsii var. andrewsii Gentiana andrewsii var. dakotica Gentiana puberulenta fali Gentianella qi subsp. Geocarpon minimum Geranium carolinianum GERANIUM COLUMBINUM GERANIUM DISSECTUM Geranium maculatum GERANIUM MOLLE GERANIUM PUSILLUM PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB nN 4 COMMON NAME Showy Orchis Common Hemp Nettle Smooth Peruvian Daisy Peruvian Daisy Lamarck's Bedstraw Annual Bedstraw Arkansas Bedstraw Rough Bedstraw Northern Bedstraw Licorice Bedstraw Shining Bedstraw Wall Bedstraw Wild Madder Piedmont Bedstraw Hairy Bedstraw Stiff Bedstraw Sweet-Scented Bedstraw Yellow Bedstraw Dwarf Bedstraw Southern Cudweed Pennsylvania Cudweed Early Cudweed Scarlet Gaura Biennial Gaura Small-Flowered Gaura Wavy-Leaved Gaura Huckleberry Yellowish Gentian Closed Gentian Closed Gentian Downy Gentian Stiff Gentian Geocarpon Carolina Cranesbill Longstalk Cranesbill Cut-Leaved Cranesbill Wild Geranium Dove's-Foot Cranesbill Small Geranium Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 65 Table 1 ACRON C SCIENTIFIC NAME PHYSIOG COMMON NAME GEUCAN 2 Geum canadense NtP-FORB — White Avens GEUFRA 10 Geum fragarioides Nt P-FORB Barren Strawberry GEULAC 6 Geum laciniatum NtP-FORB Rough Avens GEUTRI 10 Geum triflorum NtP-FORB Prairie Smoke GEUVER 3 Geum vernum Nt P-FORB Spring Avens GEUVIR 9 Geum virgimanum Nt P-FORB Pale Avens GILSTI 5 Gillenia stipulata NtP-FORB — American Ipecac GILTRI 10 Gillenia trifoliata NtP-FORB — Bowman's Root GLACOM = * GLADIOLUS COMMUNIS Ad P-FORB — Garden Gladiolus GLABIP 0 Glandularia bipinnatifida Nt P-FORB Dakota Verbena GLACAN 5 Glandularia canadensis Nt P-FORB _ Rose Vervain GLEHED * GLECHOMA HEDERACEA Ad P-FORB Creeping Charlie GLEAQU 10 Gleditsia aquatica Nt TREE Water Locust GLETRI 2 Gleditsia triacanthos Nt TREE Honey Locust GLILOT * GLINUS LOTOIDES Ad A-FORB — Glinus GLYACU 10 Glyceria acutiflora Nt P-GRASS Sharp-Scaled Manna Grass GLYSEA™ 9 Glyceria septentrionalis var. arkansana Nt P-GRASS Arkansas Manna Grass GLYSES 8 Glyceria septentrionalis var. septentrionalis NtP-GRASS Floating Mannagrass GLYSTR 4 Glyceria striata Nt P-GRASS Fowl Manna Grass GLYMAX = * GLYCINE MAX Ad A-FORB — Soy Bean GLYLEP 4 Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nt P-FORB _ Wild Licorice GONSUB 7 Gonolobus suberosus NtP-FORB _ Large-Leaved Angle-Pod GOOPUB _ 10 Goodyera pubescens Nt P-FORB _ Rattlesnake Plantain GOSHIR. * GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM Ad A-FORB — Cotton GRANEG 4 Gratiola neglecta NtA-FORB — Clammy Hedge Hyssop GRAVIR 8 Gratiola virginiana NtB-FORB _ Round-Fruited Hedge Hyssop GRAVIS 10 Gratiola viscidula NtP-FORB = Hedge Hyssop GRICIL * GRINDELIA CILIATA Ad A-FORB — Goldenweed GRILAN 3 Grindelia lanceolata NtP-FORB — Spiny-Toothed Gumweed GRISQU * GRINDELIA SQUARROSA Ad B-FORB — Gum Plant GUIABY * GUIZOTIA ABYSSINICA Ad A-FORB _ Niger Thistle GUTTEX * GUTIERREZIA TEXANA Ad A-FORB _ Texas Snakeweed GYMDIO 6 Gymnocladus dioica Nt TREE Kentucky Coffee Tree GYMAMB — 8 Gymnopogon ambiguus Nt P-GRASS | Beard Grass HACVIR 3 Hackelia virginiana NtB-FORB _ Stickseed HALDIP * HALESIA DIPTERA Ad SHRUB = Two-Wing Silverbell HAMVER 7 Hamamelis vernalis Nt SHRUB Vernal Witch Hazel HAMVIR 9 Hamamelis virginiana Nt TREE Witch Hazel HASSUA 9 Hasteola suaveolens NtP-FORB — Sweet Indian Plantain Table 1 ACRON HEDHIS HEDPUL HEDHEL HELAMA HELAUT HELFLE HELVIR HELBIC HELCAN HELLAE HELANG HELANN HELDEC HELDIV HELGRO HELHIR HELMAX HELMIC HELMOL HELOCC HELPAP' HELPAS! HELPET HELSAL HELSIL HELSTR HELTUB HELHEH' HELHES' HELAMP HELCUR HELIND HELPRO HELTEN HELECH HEMFUL HERSPH HESMAT HETDUB pw O = oS * an wm Wn &) Gn] CAl ON) OO] tA] Be} BY] OO] OO) OD] co] mH eM mW ws) 0% & xO * *€§ 0 *€* #€N ~ Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Hedeoma hispida Hedeoma pulegioides HEDERA HELIX HELENIUM AMARUM Helenium autumnale Helenium flexuosum Helenium virginicum Helianthemum bicknellii Helianthemum canadense Helianthus ~ laetiflorus Helianthus angustifolius Helianthus annuus Helianthus decapetalus Helianthus divaricatus Helianthus grosseserratus Helianthus hirsutus Helianthus maximilianii Helianthus microcephalus Helianthus mollis Helianthus occidentalis Helianthus pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus HELIANTHUS PAUCIFLORUS subsp. SUBRHOMBOIDEUS HELIANTHUS PETIOLARIS* Helianthus salicifolius Helianthus silphioides Helianthus strumosus* Helianthus tuberosus Heliopsis Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra“ HELIOTROPIUM AMPLEXICAULE Welj E HELIOTROPIUM INDICUM HELIOTROPIUM PROCUMBENS* Heliotropium tenellum HELMINOTHECA ECHIOIDES HEMEROCALLIS FULVA Heracleum sphondylium subsp. montanum HESPERIS MATRONALIS Heteranthera dubia a er ee aliqaihaidae PHYSIOG Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad W-VINE Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB 66 COMMON NAME Rough Pennyroyal American Pennyroyal English Ivy Bitterweed Sneezeweed Purple-Head Sneezeweed Virginia Sneezeweed Hoary Rockrose Canada Rockrose Prairie Sunflower Swamp Sunflower Garden Sunflower Pale Sunflower Woodland Sunflower Sawtooth Sunflower Oblong Sunflower Maximillian Sunflower Small Wood Sunflower Downy Sunflower Western Sunflower Showy Sunflower Stiff Sunflower Kansas Sunflower Willow-Leaved Sunflower Ozark Sunflower Pale-Leaved Sunflower Jerusalem Artichoke False Sunflower Woodland False Sunflower Clasping Heliotrope Seaside Heliotrope Indian Heliotrope Fourspike Heliotrope Glade Heliotrope Ox-Tongue Orange Day Lily Cow Parsnip Dame's Rocket Water Star-Grass Table 1 ACRON HETLIM HETMUL HETREN HETROT HETCAM HETCAN HETSUB HEUAME HEUPAAtT HEUPAU' HEURIC HEUVIL HEXSPI HIBLAE HIBLAS HIBSYR HIBTRI HIECAE HIEGRO HIELON HIESCA HOLLAN HOLUMB HORJUB HORPUS HORVUL HOTINF HOUCAE HOULOL! HOULOT! HOUMIC HOUNIG HOUPUR HOUPUS HOUROS HUMIAP HUMLUL' HUMLUN' Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 67 SCIENTIFIC NAME Heteranthera limosa Heteranthera multiflora Heteranthera reniformis Heteranthera rotundifolia Heterotheca camporum Heterotheca canescens Heterotheca subaxillaris Heuchera americana Heuchera parviflora var. parviflora Heuchera parviflora var. puberula Heuchera richardsonii Heuchera villosa Hexalectris spicata Hibiscus laevis Hibiscus lasiocarpos HIBISCUS SYRIACUS HIBISCUS TRIONUM HIERACIUM CAESPITOSUM Hieracium gronovii Hieracium longipilum Hieracium scabrum HOLCUS LANATUS HOLOSTEUM UMBELLATUM Hordeum jubatum Hordeum pusillum HORDEUM VULGARE Hottonia inflata Houstonia caerulea Houstonia longifolia var. longifolia“ Houstonia longifolia var. tenuifolia* Houstonia micrantha Houstonia nigricans Houstonia purpurea Houstonia pusilla Houstonia rosea HUMULUS JAPONICUS Humulus lupulus var. lupulus Humulus lupulus var. neomexicanus PHYSIOG Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-GRASS Ad A-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Mud Plantain Bouquet Mud Plantain Kidney-Leaf Mud Plantain Roundleaf Mud Plantain Narrow-Leaved Golden ster Hairy Golden Aster Broad-Leaved Golden Aster Alum Root Small-Flowered Alum Root Small-Flowered Alum Root Prairie Alum Root Hairy Alum Root Crested Coral Root Halberd-Leaved Rose Mallow Rose Mallow Rose Of Sharon Flower-Of-An-Hour Yellow King Devil Hairy Hawkweed Long-Bearded Hawkweed Rough Hawkweed Velvet Grass Jagged Chickweed Squirrel-Tail Grass Little Barley Barley Water Violet Bluets Long-Leaved Bluets Long-Leaved Bluets Southern Bluets Narrow-Leaved Bluets Broad-Leaved Bluets Least Bluets Rose Bluets Japanese Hop European Hop Western Hop Table 1 ACRON HUMLUB' HUPLUC HUPPOR HYDARB Hypsca! HYDIVE! HYDRAN HYDOVE! HYDOVA HYDUNI HYDAPP HYDPCAT HYDVIR HYLGLU HYLNUD HYLPAU HYMCAR HYMSCA HYPADP HYPASC HYPDRU HYPGEN HYPGYM HYPHYP HYPLOB HYPMAJ HYPMUT HYPPER HYPPRO HYPPSE HYPPUN HYPSPH HYPSTR HYPRAD HYPHIR ILEDEC ILEOPA ILEVER SCIENTIFIC NAME Humulus lupulus var. pubescens Huperzia lucidula Huperzia porophila Hydrangea arborescens Hydrastis canadensis HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Hydrocotyle verticillata Hydrolea ovata Hydrolea uniflora TWedranhyl] pa = P IPE Hydrophyllum canadense Hydrophyllum virginianum Hylodesmum glutinosim Hylodesmum nudiflorum Hylodesmum pauciflorum Hymenocallis carolimana iF 1; i PaPpl Hypericum adpressum Hypericum ascyron subsp. pyramidatum Hypericum drummondii Hypericum gentianoides Hypericum gymnanthum Hypericum hypericoides Hypericum lobocarpum Hypericum majus Hypericum mutilum HYPERICUM PERFORATUM Hypericum prolificum Hypericum pseudomaculatum Hypericum punctatum Hypericum sphaerocarpum Hypericum strangulum HYPOCHAERIS RADICATA Hypoxis hirsuta Tlex decidua Tlex opaca Tlex verticillata Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 68 PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt TREE Nt SHRUB COMMON NAME American Hop Shining Clubmoss Fir Clubmoss Wild Hydrangea Golden Seal Water-Thyme Floating Water Pennywort Whorled Water Pennywort Blue Waterleaf One-Flower False-Fiddle- Leaf Great Waterleaf Canada Waterleaf Virginia Waterleaf Pointed Tick Trefoil Bare-Stemmed Tick Trefoil Small-Flowered Tick Trefoil Spider Lily Old Plainsman Creeping St. John's Wort Great St. John's Wort Nits And Lice Orange Grass Clasping St. John's Wort Sand St. Andrew's Cross Bushy St. John's Wort Large St. John's Wort Weak St. John's Wort Common St. John's Wort Shrubby St. John's Wort False Spotted St. John's Wort Spotted St. John's Wort Round-Fruited St. John's Wort Common St. Andrew's Cross Cat's Ear Yellow Star Grass Possum Haw American Holly Winterberry a * * *F OY F* FN wD # * a * * SCIENTIFIC NAME ILEX VOMITORIA IMPATIENS BALSAMINEA Impatiens capensis Impatiens pallida INULA BRITANNICA INULA HELENIUM Todanthus pinnatifidus Tonactis linariifolius IPOMOEA AMNICOLA IPOMOEA COCCINEA“* IPOMOEA HEDERACEA Ipomoea lacunosa Ipomoea pandurata IPOMOEA PURPUREA IPOMOEA QUAMOCLIT IPOMOEA TRICOLOR IPOMOPSIS RUBRA Tresine rhizomatosa Tris brevicaulis Tris cristata Tris fulva IRIS GERMANICA IRIS ORIENTALIS IRIS PALLIDA IRIS PSEUDOACORUS IRIS PUMILA IRIS VERNA Iris virginica var. shrevei ISATIS TINCTORIA Isoetes butleri Isoetes engelmannii Isoetes melanopoda Isolepis carinata Isolepis molesta Isopyrum biternatum Isotria medeoloides Isotria verticillata Itea virginica IVA ANGUSTIFOLIA PHYSIOG Ad SHRUB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt A-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Ad A-FORB Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 69 COMMON NAME Yaupon Garden Balsam Orange Jewelweed Yellow Jewelweed British Yellowhead Elecampane Violet Cress Flax-Leaved Aster Ivy-Leaved Morning Glory Scarlet Morning-Glory Red Morning Glory Small Morning Glory Wild Sweet Potato Common Morning Glory Cypress Vine Grannyvine Standing Cypress Bloodleaf Short-Stemmed Iris Crested Iris Copper Iris German Iris Asian Iris Sweet Iris Yellow Iris Dwarf Bearded Iris Early Iris Blue Flag Woad Butler's Quillwort Engelmann's Quillwort Quillwort Keeled Bulrush Gulf Coast Bulrush False Rue Anemone Small Whorled Pogonia Large Whorled Pogonia Virginia Willow Narrowleaf Marsh Elder =a * * x * & * Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Iva annua JACQUEMONTIA TAMNIFOLIA JASMINUM NUDIFLORUM Juglans cinerea Juglans nigra Juncus acuminatus Juncus alpinoarticulatus Juncus balticus subsp. littoralis Juncus biflorus Juncus brachycarpus Juncus brachyphyllus Juncus bufonius Juncus canadensis Juncus debilis Juncus diffusissimus Juncus dudleyi Juncus effusus subsp. solutus Juncus filipendulus* JUNCUS GERARDII Juncus interior Juncus marginatus Juncus nodatus Juncus nodosus Juncus scirpoides Juncus secundus Juncus subcaudatus Juncus tenuis var. anthelatus Juncus tenuis var. tenuis Juncus torreyi Juncus validus Juniperus ashei Juniperus virginiana Justicia americana Justicia ovata KALLSTROEMIA PARVIFLORA KICKXIA ELATINE KICKXIA SPURIA KNAUTIA ARVENSIS KOCHIA SCOPARIA PHYSIOG Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB COMMON NAME Marsh Elder Hairy Cluster Vine Winter Jasmine Butternut Black Walnut Sharp-Fruited Rush Richardson's Rush Lake Shore Rush Two-Flowered Rush Short-Fruited Rush Small-Headed Rush Toad Rush Canadian Rush Weak Rush Slimpod Rush Dudley's Rush Common Rush Glade Rush Black Grass Inland Rush Grass-Leaved Rush Stout Rush Joint Rush Round-Leaved Rush Secund Rush Fen Rush Path Rush Path Rush Torrey's Rush Round-Head Rush Ashe's Juniper Red Cedar Water Willow Loose-Flower Water Willow Small-Flowered Caltrop Fluellin Female Fluellin Field Scabiosa Burning Bush = * wos Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 7] SCIENTIFIC NAME Koeleria macrantha KOELRUETERIA PANICULATA KOLKWITZIA AMABILIS Krigia biflora Krigia caespitosa Krigia dandelion Krigia occidentalis Krigia virginica KUMMEROWIA STIPULACEA KUMMEROWIA STRIATA KYLLINGA GRACILLIMA Kyllinga pumila LABLAB PURPUREUS Lactuca canadensis Lactuca floridana Lactuca hirsuta Lactuca ludoviciana LACTUCA SALIGNA LACTUCA SERRIOLA Lactuca tatarica subsp. pulchella LAGENARIA SICERARIA LAMIUM AMPLEXICAULE LAMIUM HYBRIDUM LAMIUM PURPUREUM Laportea canadensis LAPPULA REDOWSKII LAPPULA SQUARROSA LAPSANA COMMUNIS LATHYRUS HIRSUTUS LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS Lathyrus palustris Lathyrus pusillus LATHYRUS SYLVESTRIS LATHYRUS TUBEROSUS Lathyrus venosus LAVATERA TRIMESTRIS Leavenworthia uniflora Lechea mucronata Lechea racemulosa PHYSIOG Nt P-GRASS Ad TREE Ad SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Ad P-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt B-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME June Grass Golden Rain Tree Beauty Bush Orange False Dandelion Opposite-Leaved Dwarf Dandelion Potato Dandelion Western Dwarf Dandelion Common Dwarf Dandelion Korean Bush Clover Japanese Bush Clover Pasture Spikesedge Thin-Leaf Flatsedge Hyacinth Bean Wild Lettuce Blue Lettuce Hairy Lettuce Western Wild Lettuce Willow Lettuce Prickly Lettuce Showy Blue Lettuce Bottle Gourd Henbit Cut-Leaved Dead Nettle Purple Dead Nettle Wood Nettle Hairy Stick-Seed Beggar's Lice Nipplewort Caley Pea Everlasting Pea Marsh Vetchling Singletary Vetchling Flat Pea Dutch Mice Veiny Pea Annual Mallow Michaux's Leavenworthia Hairy Pinweed Narrow-Fruited Pinweed Table 1 ACRON LECTEN LEELEN LEEORY LEEVIOT LEEVIV! LEIFLO LEMAEQ LEMMIR! LEMMITt LEMOBS LEMPER LEMTRI LEMTUR LEMVAL LEOTAR LEOCAR LEOJAP LEOMAR LEPAPP LEPCAM LEPCHA LEPDEN LEPDID LEPDRA LEPLAT LEPPER LEPRUD LEPVIR LEPDUB LEPFUF" LEPFUUt LEPPABt LEPPAM! LEPPAS" LESBIC LESCAP LESCUN LESFRU LESHIR ond ARMOR NI WAY EO * * = * xO *€ WD WwW e Ww sw Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 72 SCIENTIFIC NAME Lechea tenuifolia Leersia lenticularis Leersia oryzoides Leersia virginica var. ovata Leersia virginica var. virginica * Leitneria floridana Lemna aequinoctialis Lemna minor Lemna minuta Lemna obscura Lemna perpusilla Lemna trisulca Lemna turionifera Lemna valdiviana LEONTODON TARAXACOIDES LEONURUS CARDIACA LEONURUS JAPONICUS LEONURUS MARRUBIASTRUM LEPIDIUM APPELIANUM LEPIDIUM CAMPESTRE LEPIDIUM CHALAPENSE LEPIDIUM DENSIFLORUM* LEPIDIUM DIDYMUM LEPIDIUM DRABA LEPIDIUM LATIFOLIUM LEPIDIUM PERFOLIATUM LEPIDIUM RUDERALE Lepidium virginicum LEPTOCHLOA DUBIA Leptochloa fusca subsp. fascicularis LEPTOCHLOA FUSCA subsp. UNINERVIA Leptochloa panicea subsp. brachiata Leptochloa panicea subsp. mucronata Leptochloa panicoides LESPEDEZA BICOLOR Lespedeza capitata LESPEDEZA CUNEATA Lespedeza frutescens* Lespedeza hirta PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Slender-Leaved Pinweed Catchfly Grass Rice Cut Grass White Grass White Grass Corkwood Lesser Duckweed Common Duckweed Least Duckweed Little Duckweed Minute Duckweed Forked Duckweed Turion Duckweed Pale Duckweed Lesser Hawkbit Motherwort Siberian Motherwort Lion's Tail Hairy Whitetop Field Cress Hoary Cress Small Pepper Cress Wart Cress Common Whitetop Broad-Leaved Pepper Cress Clasping Cress Stinking Peppercress Common Pepper Cress Green Sprangletop Bearded Strangletop Mexican Sprangletop Red Sprangletop Red Sprangletop Amazon Strangletop Bicolor Lespedeza Round-Headed Bush Clover Silky Bush Clover Violet Bush Clover Hairy Bush Clover Table 1 ACRON LESPRA LESPRO LESREP LESSTU LESTHU LESVIO LESVIR LEUVUL LEUAES LEUMUL LEVOFF LIAASP LIACYL LIAMUC LIAPUN LIAPYC LIASCA LIASPI LIASQH' LIASQst LIASQL' LIGCAN LIGOBT LIGOVA LIGSIN LIGVUL LILLAN LILMIC LILPHI LILSUP LIMSPO LIMPIN LINVUL LINBEN LINMEL LINDUAT LINDUDT LINFLO ex BRNO en DH Ww = Ons Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 73 SCIENTIFIC NAME Lespedeza prairea“ Lespedeza procumbens Lespedeza repens Lespedeza stuevei LESPEDEZA THUNBERGII Lespedeza violacea Lespedeza virginica LEUCANTHEMUM VULGARE LEUCOJUM AESTIVUM Leucospora multifida LEVISTICUM OFFICINALE Liatris aspera Liatris cylindracea Liatris mucronata Liatris punctata Liatris pycnostachya Liatris scariosa var. nieuwlandii Liatris spicata Liatris squarrosa var. hirsuta Liatris squarrosa var. squarrosa Liatris squarrulosa Ligusticum canadense LIGUSTRUM OBTUSIFOLIUM LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM LIGUSTRUM SINENSE LIGUSTRUM VULGARE LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM Lilium michiganense Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum Lilium superbum Limnobium spongia Limnosciadium pinnatum LINARIA VULGARIS Lindera benzoin Lindera melissifolia Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea* Lindernia dubia var. dubia“ Linum floridanum Linum medium var. texanum PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Tallgrass Bush Clover Trailing Bush Clover Creeping Bush Clover Stueve's Bush Clover Tall Bush Clover Wandlike Bush Clover Slender Bush Clover Ox-Eye Daisy Snowflake Obe-Wan-Conobea Lovage Rough Blazing Star Cylindrical Blazing Star Narrow-Leaf Gayfeather Dotted Blazing Star Prairie Blazing Star Blazing Star Marsh Blazing Star Hairy Blazing Star Scaly Blazing Star Scabrous Blazing Star Angelico Border Privet California Privet Chinese Privet European Privet Tiger Lily Michigan Lily Prairie Lily Turk's-Cap Lily American Frogbit Pinnate Cynosciadium Butter-And-Eggs Spicebush Pond Berry Slender False Pimpernel Slender False Pimpernel Florida Yellow Flax Small Yellow Flax Table 1 ACRON LINRIG LINSTR LINSUL LINUSI LINVIR LIPLIL LIPLOE LIPARI LIPDRU LIPMIC LIPLAN LIPNOD LIQSTY LIRTUL LIRMUS LIRSPI LISAUS LITCAN LITCAR LITINC LITLAT LOBCAR LOBINF LOBPUB LOBSIP LOBSPI LOBMAR LOLPEA! LOLPEP" LOLPES! LOLRIG LOLTEM LOMFOE LONBEL LONPER LONDIO LONFLA LONFRA LONIJAP a * * * * x Ss) 0 * Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME LINUM RIGIDUM Linum striatum Linum sulcatum LINUM USITATISSIMUM Linum virginianum Liparis liliifolia Liparis loeselii Lipocarpha aristulata Lipocarpha drumm ondii Lipocarpha micrantha Lippia lanceolata Lippia nodiflora Liquidamber styraciflua Liriodendron tulipifera LIRIOPE MUSCARI LIRIOPE SPICATA Listera australis * Lithospermum canescens Lithospermum carolinense Lithospermum incisum Lithospermum latifolium Lobelia cardinalis Lobelia inflata Lobelia puberula Lobelia siphilitica Lobelia spicata LOBULARIA MARITIMA LOLIUM PERENNE var. ARISTATUM LOLIUM PERENNE var. PERENNE LOLIUM PERSICUM LOLIUM RIGIDUM LOLIUM TEMULENTUM Lomatium foeniculaceum LONICERA < BELLA LONICERA « PERPUSII Lonicera dioica Lonicera flava LONICERA FRAGRANTISSIMA LONICERA JAPONICA PHYSIOG Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt TREE Nt TREE Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Ad SHRUB Ad W-VINE COMMON NAME Stiff-Stem Flax Stiff Yellow Flax Grooved Yellow Flax Common Flax Woodland Yellow Flax Purple Twayblade Green Twayblade Glade Dwarf Bulrush Sand Dwarf Bulrush Common Dwarf Bulrush Fog Fruit Common Fog Fruit Sweet Gum Tulip Tree Big Blue Lilyturf Creeping Lilyturf Southern Twayblade Hoary Puccoon Hairy Puccoon Fringed Puccoon Broad-Leaved Puccoon Cardinal Flower Indian Tobacco Downy Lobelia Great Blue Lobelia Pale Spiked Lobelia Sweet Alyssum Italian Rye Grass Perennial Rye Grass Asian Rye Grass Swiss Rye Grass Darnel Hairy Parsley Showy Fly Honeysuckle Garden Honeysuckle Red Honeysuckle Yellow Honeysuckle Winter Honeysuckle Japanese Honeysuckle Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 75 Table 1 ACRON C SCIENTIFIC NAME PHYSIOG COMMON NAME LONMAA — * LONICERA MAACKII AdSHRUB = Amur Honeysuckle LONRET 8 Lonicera reticulata Nt W-VINE — Grape Honeysuckle LONSEM * LONICERA SEMPER VIRENS Ad W-VINE — Trumpet Honeysuckle LOTCOR * LOTUS CORNICULATUS AdP-FORB _ Bird's Foot Trefoil LUDALT 4 Ludwigia alternifolia NtP-FORB — Seedbox LUDDEC 6 Ludwigia decurrens Nt P-FORB Primrose Willow LUDGLA 8 Ludwigia glandulosa Nt P-FORB — Small-Flowered Water- Primrose LUDGRA * LUDWIGIA GRANDIFLORA“* AdP-FORB — Uruguay Primrose Willow LUDLEP 10 Ludwigia leptocarpa NtP-FORB Hairy Primrose Willow LUDLIN 10 Ludwigia linearis NtP-FORB — Narrow-Leaved Primrose Willow LUDMIC 10 Ludwigia microcarpa NtP-FORB — Small-Fruited False Loosestrife LUDPAL 4 Ludwigia palustris Nt P-FORB Marsh Purslane LUDPEP 3 Ludwigia peploides subsp. glabrescens Nt P-FORB Creeping Primrose Willow LUDPOL 6 Ludwigia polycarpa NtP-FORB _ False Loosestrife LUNANN * LUNARIA ANNUA AdB-FORB Money Plant LUZCAB! 4 Luzula campestris var. bulbosa Nt P-FORB = Wood Rush LUZCAE" 4 Luzula campestris var. echinata Nt P-FORB = Wood Rush LUZCAUt 4 Luzula campestris var. multiflora NtP-FORB = Wood Rush LYCCOR * LYCHNIS CORONARIA AdP-FORB = Mullein Pink LYCBAR * LYCIUM BARBARUM AdSHRUB — Matrimony Vine LYCCHI * LYCIUM CHINENSE Ad SHRUB Chinese Matrimony Vine LYCDEN — 10 Lycopodium dendroideum Nt FERN Round-Branched Clubmoss LYCDIG 8 Lycopodium digitatum Nt FERN Southern Ground-Cedar LYCTRI 10 Lycopodium tristachyum Nt FERN Ground Cedar LYCAME 4 Lycopus americanus NtP-FORB Common Water Horehound LYCASP 10 Lycopus asper NtP-FORB — Rough Water Horehound LYCRUB 6 Lycopus rubellus NtP-FORB Stalked Water Horehound LYCUNI 8 Lycopus uniflorus NtP-FORB Northern Bugleweed LYCVIR 5 Lycopus virginicus NtP-FORB — Bugle Weed LYGJUN 10 Lygodesmia juncea Nt P-FORB Skeleton Plant LYOMAR — 10 Lyonia mariana Nt SHRUB Stagger Bush LYSCIL 5 Lysimachia ciliata Nt P-FORB _ Fringed Loosestrife LYSHYB 7 Lysimachia hybrida NtP-FORB Hybrid Loosestrife LYSLAN 4 Lysimachia lanceolata Nt P-FORB _ Lance-Leaved Loosestrife LYSNUM * LYSIMACHIA NUMMULARIA AdP-FORB = Moneywort LYSQUA 8 Lysimachia quadriflora Nt P-FORB — Narrow-Leaved Loosestrife LYSRAD 10 Lysimachia radicans NtP-FORB Creeping Loosestrife LYSTER 10 Lysimachia terrestris NtP-FORB = Swamp Candles sa % WN oO SCIENTIFIC NAME Lysimachia thyrsiflora LYSIMACHIA VULGARIS Lythrum alatum LYTHRUM SALICARIA MACLURA POMIFERA Magnolia acuminata MAGNOLIA TRIPETALA Maianthemum racemosum Maianthemum stellatum Malaxis unifolia MALUS « SOULARDII Malus angustifolia MALUS BACCATA Malus coronaria MALUS DOMESTICA MALUS FLORIBUNDA Malus ioensis MALUS SIEBOLDII MALVA MOSCHATA MALVA NEGLECTA MALVA PARVIFLORA MALVA PUSILLA MALVA SYLVESTRIS MALVA VERTICILLATA Malvastrum angustum Manfreda virginica MARRUBIUM VULGARE Marshallia caespitosa var. caespitosa Marshallia caespitosa var. signata MARSILEA MUTICA MARSILEA QUADRIFOLIA Matelea baldwyniana Matelea decipiens MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA MATRICARIA DISCOIDEA Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica MAZUS PUMILUS Mecardonia acuminata Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 76 PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad TREE Nt TREE Ad TREE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad TREE Nt TREE Ad TREE Nt TREE Ad TREE Ad TREE Nt TREE Ad SHRUB Ad P-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad FERN Ad FERN Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt FERN Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Tufted Loosestrife Garden Loosestrife Winged Loosestrife Purple Loosestrife Osage Orange Cucumber Tree Umbrella Tree Feathery False Solomon's Seal Starry False Solomon's Seal Green Adder's Mouth Soulard Crab Wild Crab Siberian Crab Wild Sweet Crab Apple Japanese Crab Towa Crab Toringo Crab Musk Mallow Common Mallow Little Mallow Round-Leaved Mallow High Mallow Curled Mallow False Mallow American Aloe Horehound Barbara's Buttons Narrow-Leaved Barbara's Buttons Australian Water Clover European Water-Clover White Climbing Milkweed Climbing Milkweed. Chamomile Pineapple Weed Ostrich Fern Japanese Magus Bracted Water Hyssop * * * Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 77 SCIENTIFIC NAME Medeola virginiana MEDICAGO ARABICA MEDICAGO LUPULINA MEDICAGO MINIMA MEDICAGO POLYMORPHA MEDICAGO SATIVA MELAMPODIUM CINEREUM var. RAMOSISSIMUM Melanthium virginicum MELIA AZEDARACH Melica mutica * Melica nitens MELILOTUS ALBUS MELILOTUS OFFICINALE MELISSA OFFICINALIS MELOCHIA CORCHORIFOLIA Melothria pendula Menispermum canadense MENTHA « GRACILIS MENTHA « PIPERITA MENTHA AQUATICA var. CITRATA Mentha canadensis MENTHA LONGIFOLIA MENTHA SPICATA MENTZELIA ALBESCENS MENTZELIA NUDA Mentzelia oligosperma Menyanthes trifoliata Mertensia virginica Micranthes pensylvanica var. forbesii Micranthes texana Micranthes virginiensis MICROSTEGIUM VIMINEUM MICROTHLASPI PERFOLIATUM Mikania scandens Mimosa quadrivalvis var. nuttallii Mimulus alatus Mimulus glabratus Mimulus ringens Minuartia michauxii PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad TREE Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad B-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt W-VINE Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-GRASS Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Indian Cucumber Root Spotted Medick Black Medick Tiny Bur Clover Bur Clover Alfalfa Hoary Blackfoot Bunch Flower Chinaberry Tree Narrow Melic Grass Tall Melic Grass White Sweet Clover Yellow Sweet Clover Common Balm Chocolate Weed Creeping Cucumber Moonseed Little-Leaved Mint Peppermint Lemon Mint Wild Mint Wavy Mint Spearmint Wavyleaf Stickleaf Bractless Stickleaf Glade Stickleaf Buckbean Virginia Bluebells Swamp Saxifrage Texas Saxifrage Early Saxifrage Eulalia Perfoliate Pennycress Climbing Hempweed Sensitive Briar Winged Monkey Flower Yellow Monkey Flower Monkey Flower Stiff Sandwort eS, * ~ cml CAL Be] oO) BY] a) a] Ww SCIENTIFIC NAME Minuartia muscorum Minuartia patula Mirabilis albida Mirabilis linearis Mirabilis nyctaginea MISCANTHUS SACCHARIFLORUS MISCANTHUS SINENSIS Mitchella repens Mitella diphylla Mitreola petiolata Moehringia lateriflora MOLLUGO VERTICILLATA Monarda bradburiana Monarda citriodora Monarda clinopodia MONARDA DIDYMA Monarda fistulosa MONARDA PECTINATA Monarda punctata var. arkansana“ MONARDA PUNCTATA var. OCCIDENTALIS Monarda punctata var. villicaulis MONOLEPIS NUTTALLIANA Monotropa hypopitys Monotropa uniflora MORUS ALBA Morus rubra Muhlenbergia asperifolia Muhlenbergia bushii Muhlenbergia capillaris Muhlenbergia cuspidata Muhlenbergia frondosa Muhlenbergia glabrifloris Muhlenbergia mexicana Muhlenbergia racemosa Muhlenbergia schreberi Muhlenbergia sobolifera Muhlenbergia sylvatica Muhlenbergia tenuiflora Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora PHYSIOG Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad TREE Nt TREE Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS COMMON NAME Pitcher's Sandwort Slender Sandwort Pale Umbrellawort Narrow-Leaved Umbrellawort Wild Four O'Clock Amur Silvergrass Silver Grass Partridge Berry Bishop's Cap Miterwort Grove Sandwort Carpet Weed Bradbury Bee Balm Lemon Bee Balm Basil Bee Balm Oswego Tea Wild Bergamot Plains Bee Balm Arkansas Bee Balm Spotted Bee Balm Horsemint Poverty Weed Pinesap Indian Pipe White Mulberry Red Mulberry Scratch Grass Short-Leaved Satin Grass Pink Satin Grass Prairie Satin Grass Common Satin Grass Smooth Satin Grass Leafy Satin Grass Upland Wild Timothy Nimblewill Rock Satin Grass Woodland Satin Grass Slender Satin Grass 78 Table 1 ACRON MUSBOT MUSCOM MUSRAC MYOMAC MYOSCO MYOSTR MYOVER MYOAQU MYOMIN MYRAQU MYRHET MYRPIN MYRSIB MYRSPI NAJFLE NAJGRA NAJGUA NAJMIN NARPOE NARPSE NASOFF NELLUT NELNUC NEMGEM NEMNUT NEPCAT NESPAN NEVALA NICPHY NICLON NICRUS NICTAB Cc Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 79 SCIENTIFIC NAME MUSCARI BOTRYOIDES MUSCARI COMOSUM MUSCARIA RACEMOSUM Myosotis macrosperma MYOSOTIS SCORPIOIDES MYOSOTIS STRICTA Myosotis verna MYOSOTON AQUATICUM Myosurus minimus MYRIOPHYLLUM AQUATICUM Myriophyllum heterophyllum Myriophyllum pinnatum MYRIOPHYLLUM SIBIRICUM* MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM Najas flexilis Najas gracillima Najas guadalupensis NAJAS MINOR NARCISSUS POETICUS NARCISSUS PSEUDO-NARCISSUS NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE Nelumbo lutea NELUMBO NUCIFERA Nemastylis geminiflora Nemastylis nuttallii NEPETA CATARIA NESLIA PANICULATA Neviusia alabamensis NICANDRA PHYSALODES NICOTIANA LONGIFLORA NICOTIANA RUSTICA NICOTIANA TABACUM Nothocalis cuspidata Nothoscordum bivalve Nuphar advena subsp. advena Nuphar advena subsp. ozarkana Nuttallanthus canadensis Nuttallanthus texanus PHYSIOG Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt SHRUB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB COMMON NAME Common Grape Hyacinth Tassel Grape Hyacinth Starch Grape Hyacinth White Forget-Me-Not Common Forget-Me-Not Small-Flowered Forget-Me- Not Spring Forget-Me-Not Water Chickweed Mousetail Parrot's Feather Various-Leaved Water Milfoil Rough Water Milfoil European Water Milfoil Pale Water Milfoil Slender Naiad Slender Water-Nymph Southern Naiad Brittle Naiad Poet's Narcissus Daffodil Water Cress American Lotus Sacred Lotus Celestial Lily Nuttall's Prairie Iris Catnip Ball Mustard Snow Wreath Apple Of Peru Long-Flowered Tobacco Wild Tobacco Tobacco Prairie Dandelion False Garlic Yellow Pond Lily Ozark Spatterdock Small Blue Toadflax Large Blue Toadflax Table 1 ACRON NYMODO NYMPEL NYSAQU NYSBIF NYSSYL OBOVIR OCIBAS OENJAV OENBIE OENCLE OENFRF? OENFRG" OENGRA OENHET OENLAC OENLIN OENMAC OENNUT OENPAR OENPER OENPIL OENRHO OENSPE OENTRI OENVIL OLDBOS OLDUNI OLIALB OLIRID OLIRIG ONOSEN ONOACA ONOMOH' ONOMCO' ONOMOost OPHCRO OPHENG OPHPET OPHVUL aA DW fH HHL Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 80) SCIENTIFIC NAME Nymphaea odorata NYMPHOIDES PELTATA Nyssa aquatica Nyssa biflora Nyssa sylvatica Obolaria virginica OCIMUM BASILICUM OENANTHE JAVANICA Oenothera biennis Oenothera clelandii Oenothera fruticosa subsp. fruticosa Oenothera fruticosa subsp. glauca Oenothera grandis OENOTHERA HETEROPHYLLA Oenothera laciniata Oenothera linifolia Oenothera macrocarpa Oenothera nutans Oenothera parviflora Oenothera perennis Oenothera pilosella Oenothera rhombipetala Oenothera speciosa Oenothera triloba Oenothera villosa Oldenlandia boscii Oldenlandia uniflora Oligoneuron album Oligoneuron riddellii Oligoneuron rigidum Onoclea sensibilis ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM Onosmodium molle subsp. hispidissimum Onosmodium molle subsp. occidentale Onosmodium molle subsp. subsetosum @ohiocl lophoroid Ophivel 1 rm Ophioglossum petiolatum Ophioglossum vulgatum PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt FERN Ad B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN COMMON NAME White Water Lily Fragrant Water Lily Water Tupelo Swamp Black Gum Black Gum Pennywort Basil Water Celery Common Evening Primrose Cleland's Evening Primrose Sundrops Glandular Snowdrops Showy Ragged Evening Primrose Four-Point Evening Primrose Ragged Evening Primrose Thread-Leaved Sundrops Missouri Primrose Nodding Evening Primrose Northern Evening Primrose Small Sundrops Prairie Sundrops Sand Primrose Showy Evening Primrose Stemless Evening Primrose Hairy Evening Primrose Bosc's Bluets Clustered Bluets Stiff Aster Riddell's Goldenrod Stiff Goldenrod Sensitive Fern Scotch Thistle Marbleseed False Gromwell Ozark False Gromwell Bulbous Adder's Tongue Glade Adder's Tongue Stalked Adder's Tongue Adder's Tongue Table 1 ACRON OPUHUM OPUMAC OPUPOL ORBONO ORBPED ORIVUL ORNNUT ORNUMB OROLUD ORORIP OROUNI ORYSAT ORYRAC OSMOCL' OSMOLOT osmMucI' OSMUCL' OSMURE! OSTVIR OTTALI OXACOR OXADIL OXAFLO OXASTR OXAVIO OXYRIG OXYLAM PACPRO PACAUR PACGLA PACOBO PACPAU PACPLA PACPSE PACTOM PALCAL PANQUI PANANC PANCAP Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora Q] SCIENTIFIC NAME Opuntia humifusa Opuntia macrorhiza Opuntia polyacantha Orbexilum onobrychis Orbexilum pedunculatum ORIGANUM VULGARE ORNITHOGALUM NUTANS ORNITHOGALUM UMBELLATUM Orobanche ludoviciana Orobanche riparia Orobanche uniflora ORYZA SATIVA Oryzopsis racemosa Osmorhiza claytonii Osmorhiza longistylis Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda claytoniana Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis Ostrya virginiana OTTELIA ALISMOIDES OXALIS CORNICULATA Oxalis dillenii Oxalis florida Oxalis stricta Oxalis violacea Oxypolis rigidior Oxytropis lambertii PACHYSANDRA PROCUMBENS Packera aurea Packera glabella Packera obovata Packera paupercula Packera plattensis Packera pseudaurea var. semicordata Packera tomentosa Palafoxia callosa Panax quinquefolius Panicum anceps Panicum capillare PHYSIOG Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt TREE Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS COMMON NAME Eastern Prickly Pear Twinspine Prickly Pear Plains Prickly Pear French Grass Sampson's Snakeroot Oregano Nodding Star-Of-Bethlehem Star-Of-Bethlehem Louisiana Broom Rape River Broom Rape One-Flowered Broom Rape Rice Black-Seeded Rice Grass Hairy Sweet Cicely Smooth Sweet Cicely Cinnamon Fern Interrupted Fern Royal Fern Ironwood Duck Lettuce Creeping Wood Sorrel Yellow Wood Sorrel Swamp Wood Sorrel Common Wood Sorrel Violet Wood Sorrel Cowbane Loco Weed Allegheny Spurge Common Golden Ragwort Butterweed Round-Leaved Ragwort Balsam Ragwort Prairie Ragwort Western Golden Ragwort Wooly Ragwort Small Palafoxia Ginseng Beaked Panic Grass Old Witch Grass Table 1 ACRON PANDIC PANFLE PANGAT PANLON PANMIL PANOBT PANPHI PANRIG PANVER PANVIR PAPDUB PAPRHO PAPSOM PARPEN PARGRA PARCAN PARFAS PARVIR PARHIS PARHYS PARINT PARQUI PARTRI PARVIT PASSMI PASGEM PASBIF PASDIL PASDss! PASDST! PASFLO PASLACt PASLAL! PASPUB PASREP PASScI' PASSMUt PASSSE! PASSST! Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Panicum dichotomiflorum Panicum flexile Panicum gattingeri“ Panicum longifolium* PANICUM MILIACEUM PANICUM OBTUSUM Panicum philadelphicum Panicum rigidulum Panicum verrucosum Panicum virgatum PAPAVER DUBIUM PAPAVER RHOEAS PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM Parietaria pensylvanica Parnassia grandifolia Paronychia canadensis Paronychia fastigiata Paronychia virginica Parthenium hispidum“ PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS Parthenium integrifolium Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARTHENOCISSUS TRICUSPIDATA. Parthenocissus vitacea Pascopyrum smithii PASPALIDIUM GEMINATUM Paspalum bifidum PASPALUM DILATATUM Paspalum dissectum PASPALUM DISTICHUM Paspalum floridanum Paspalum laeve var. circulare Paspalum laeve var. laeve Paspalum pubiflorum Paspalum repens Paspalum setaceum var. ciliatifolium Paspalum setaceum var. muhlenbergii Paspalum setaceum var. setaceum Paspalum setaceum var. stramineum PHYSIOG Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt W-VINE Ad W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS COMMON NAME Knee Grass Wiry Panic Grass Gattinger's Witch Grass Long-Leaved Panic Grass Broom-Corn Millet Blunt Panic Grass Philadelphia Panic Grass Munro Grass Warty Panic Grass Switch Grass Blind Eyes Corn Poppy Common Poppy Pellitory Grass-Of-Parnassus Tall Forked Chickweed Low Forked Chickweed Broom Whitlow-Wort Hairy Feverfew Santa Maria Wild Quinine Virginia Creeper Boston Ivy Thicket Creeper Western Wheat Grass Water Panic Grass Pitchfork Lens Grass Dallis Grass Mudbank Lens Grass Knotgrass Florida Lens Grass Smooth Lens Grass Smooth Lens Grass Hairy-Flowered Lens Grass Water Lens Grass Hairy Lens Grass Hairy Lens Grass Slender Lens Grass Bush's Lens Grass Table 1 ACRON PASURV PASINC PASLUT PASSAT PAUTOM PEDCAN PEDLAN PEDARG PEDESC PEDTEN PELGAS PELATR PELGLA PELVIR PENALO PENAME PENSET PENARK PENCOcT PENCOPt PENDIG PENGRA PENPAL PENTEN PENTUB PENSED PERIAM! PERFRU PERAMM!* PERAMS! PERARI PERBIC PERGLA PERHYR' PERHYS' PERLAP PERLON PERMAC a * bw * * = FOR WAM DOH FDO WA WN * Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME PASPALUM URVILLEI Passiflora incarnata Passiflora lutea PASTINACA SATIVA PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA Pedicularis canadensis Pedicularis lanceolata Pediomelum argophyllum Pediomelum esculentum Pediomelum tenuiflorum Pellaea x gastonyi Pellaea atropurpurea Pellaea glabella Peltandra virginica PENNISETUM ALOPECUROIDES PENNISETUM AMERICANUM PENNISETUM SETACEUM Penstemon arkansanus Penstemon cobaea var. cobaea“ Penstemon cobaea var. purpureus* Penstemon digitalis Penstemon grandiflorus Penstemon pallidus Penstemon tenuis Penstemon tubaeflorus Penthorum sedoides Perideridia americana PERILLA FRUTESCENS Persicaria amphibia var. emersa Persicaria amphibia var. stipulacea Persicaria arifolia Persicaria bicornis Persicaria glabra Persicaria hydropiper Persicaria hydropiperoides Persicaria lapathifolia PERSICARIA LONGISETA PERSICARIA MACULOSA PHYSIOG Ad P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad TREE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt P-FORB Ad P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB wn wd COMMON NAME Vasey Grass Passion Flower Yellow Passion Flower Wild Parsmp Empress Tree Lousewort Swamp Lousewort Silvery Scurfy pea Prairie Turnip Scurfy Pea Gastony’s Cliff Brake Purple Cliff Brake Smooth Cliff Brake Arrow Arum Fountain Grass Pearl Millet Crimson Fountaingrass Arkansas Beard-Tongue Showy Beard Tongue Cobea Beard-T ongue Foxglove Beard Tongue Large-Flowered Beard Tongue Pale Beard Tongue Brazos Beard Tongue Funnel-Form Beard Tongue Ditch Stonecrop American Perideridia Beefsteak Plant Water Knotweed Water Heartsease Halberd-Leaved Tearthumb Pink Smartweed Dense-Flowered Smartweed Water Pepper Mild Water Pepper Heartsease Creeping Smartweed Lady's Thumb Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 4 Table 1 ACRON C SCIENTIFIC NAME PHYSIOG COMMON NAME PERORI * PERSICARIA ORIENTALIS Ad A-FORB _ Kiss-Me-Over-The-Garden- Gate PERPEN 1 Persicaria pensylvanica Nt A-FORB Pennsylvania Knotweed PERPUN 3 Persicaria punctata Nt A-FORB Dotted Smartweed PERROB 9 Persicaria robustior NtP-FORB Stout Smartweed PERSAG 4 Persicaria sagittata Nt A-FORB — Arrow-Leaved Tearthumb PERSET 5 Persicaria setacea NtP-FORB Bog Smartweed PERVIR 1 Persicaria virginiana NtP-FORB _ Virginia Knotweed PETPRO * PETROHAGIA PROLIFERA Ad A-FORB — Childing Pink PETATK * PETUNIA « ATKINSIANA Ad A-FORB — White Petunia PETAXI * PETUNIA AXILLARIS Ad A-FORB _ Large White Petunia PETINT * PETUNIA INTEGRIFOLIA Ad A-FORB _ Violet Petunia PHABIP 5 Phacelia bipinnatifida NtB-FORB _ Forest Phacelia PHACOV 8 Phacelia covillei Nt A-FORB _ Coville's Phacelia PHAGIL 3 Phacelia gilioides Nt A-FORB = Small-Flowered Phacelia PHAHIR 4 Phacelia hirsuta Nt A-FORB Hairy Phacelia PHAPUR 4 Phacelia purshii Nt A-FORB = Miami Mist PHARAN 6 Phacelia ranunculacea Nt A-FORB Blue Phacelia PHAARU * PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA Ad P-GRASS Reed Canary Grass PHABRA * PHALARIS BRACHYSTACHYS Ad A-GRASS Shortspike Canary Grass PHACAN * PHALARIS CANARIENSIS Ad A-GRASS Canary Grass PHACAR 1 Phalaris caroliniana Nt A-GRASS May Grass PHALUN * PHASEOLUS LUNATUS Ad A-FORB _ Lima Bean PHAPOL 7 Phaseolus polystachios NtP-FORB Wild Bean PHAVUL * PHASEOLUS VULGARIS Ad A-FORB — Bush Bean PHEHEX 8 Phegoteris hexagonoptera Nt FERN Broad Beech Fern PHEAMU * PHELLODENDRON AMURENSE Ad TREE Amur Cork Tree PHECAL 8 Phemeranthus calycinus NtP-FORB Fame Flower PHEPAR 10 Phemeranthus parviflorus Nt P-FORB _ Rock Pink PHICOR * PHILADELPHUS CORONARIUS Ad SHRUB — Sweet Mock Orange PHIPUB 10 Philadelphus pubescens var. verrucosus Nt SHRUB Hoary Mock Orange PHLPRA * PHLEUM PRATENSE Ad P-GRASS Timothy PHLAMP 9 Phlox amplifolia Nt P-FORB Broadleaf Phlox PHLBIF 8 Phlox bifida NtP-FORB Sand Phlox PHLDIV 4 Phlox divaricata NtP-FORB Blue Phlox PHLDRU * PHLOX DRUMMONDII Ad A-FORB — Drummond Phlox PHLGLA 8 Phlox glaberrima subsp. interior Nt P-FORB Marsh Phlox PHLMAC — 10 Phlox maculata subsp. pyramidalis NtP-FORB — Sweet William Phlox PHLPAN 3 Phlox paniculata Nt P-FORB Garden Phlox PHLPIF" 6 Phlox pilosa subsp. fulgida Nt P-FORB Prairie Phlox Table 1 ACRON PHLPIOt PHLPIP" PHLSUB PHOLEU PHRAUM! PHRAUU! PHRLEP PHYCAR PHYPOL PHYLVI' PHSAACtT PHSAALt PHSAAN! PHSACI’ PHYCOR PHSAGR' PHSAHE! PHSALOT PHSAMI' PHSAPH' PHSAPB! PHSAPM' PHSAVI" PHYFIL PHYGRA PHYOPU PHYANG PHYINT PHY VIP' PHYvIv' PHYAME PICHIE PICRHA PILPUM PILAME PINBAN PINECH PINNIG = ase) * w * UMN WA WA Oo Wa * Al A S) A) Bl &) &) NM] tA] ney Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora Q5 SCIENTIFIC NAME Phlox pilosa subsp. ozarkana Phlox pilosa subsp. pilosa PHLOX SUBULATA Phoradendron leucarpum Phragmites australis subsp. americanus * PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS subsp. AUSTRALIS* Phryma leptostachya Phyllanthus carolinensis Phyllanthus polygonoides PHYLLOSTACHYS VIRIDIS PHYSALIS ACUTIFOLIA PHYSALIS ALKEKENGI Physalis angulata PHYSALIS CINERASCENS Physalis cordata Physalis grisea Physalis heterophylla Physalis longifolia Physalis missouriensis PHYSALIS PHILADELPHICA Physalis pubescens Physalis pumila Physalis virginiana Physaria filiformis PHYSARIA GRACILIS Physocarpus opulifolius var. intermedius Physostegia angustifolia Physostegia intermedia Physostegia virginiana subsp. praemorsa Physostegia virginiana subsp. virginiana Phytolacca americana PICRIS HIERACIOIDES PICRIS RHAGADIOLOIDES Pilea pumila Pilularia americana PINUS BANKSIANA Pinus echinata PINUS NIGRA PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-GRASS Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt FERN Ad TREE Nt TREE Ad TREE COMMON NAME Prairie Phlox Prairie Phlox Moss Phlox Mistletoe American Reed Common Reed Lopseed Carolina Leaf-Flower Knotweed Leaf-Flower Sulphur Bamboo Wright's Ground Cherry Chinese Lantern Plant Cutleaf Ground Cherry Stellate Ground Cherry Heart-Leaved Ground Cherry Strawberry Tomato Clammy Ground Cherry Ground Cherry Missouri Ground Cherry Tomatillo Downy Ground Cherry Prairy Ground Cherry Lance-Leaved Ground Cherry Missouri Bladderpod Slender Bladderpod Ninebark Narrow-Leaved Dragonhead Slender Dragonhead False Dragonhead False Dragonhead Pokeweed Ox Tongue Bitter-Weed Clearweed Pillwort Jack Pine Short-Leaf Pine Austrian Pine Table 1 ACRON PINSTR PINTAE PINVIR PISSTR PISSAT PLAAQU PLDVIR' PLAARI PLACOR PLAELO PLAHET PLAIND PLALAN PLAMAJ PLAPAT PLARHO PLARUG PLAVIGt PLAWRI PLACIL PLACLA PLAFLF" PLAFLH' PLALAC PLALEU PLAPER PLAPRA PLAPSY PLAOCC PLUCAM PLUFOE POAANN POABUL POACHA POACOM POAINT POAPAL POAPRA io} SCIENTIFIC NAME PINUS STROBUS PINUS TAEDA PINUS VIRGINIANA PISTIA STRATIOTES PISUM SATIVUM Planera aquatica Planodes virginica Plantago aristata Plantago cordata Plantago elongata Plantago heterophylla PLANTAGO INDICA PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA PLANTAGO MAJOR Plantago patagonica PLANTAGO RHODOSPERMA Plantago rugelii Plantago virginica PLANTAGO WRIGHTIANA Platanthera ciliaris Platanthera clavellata Platanthera flava var. flava Platanthera flava var. herbiola Platanthera lacera Platanthera leucophaea Platanthera peramoena Platanthera praeclara Platanthera psychodes Platanus occidentalis Pluchea camphorata Pluchea foetida POA ANNUA POA BULBOSA Poa chapmaniana POA COMPRESSA Poa interior POA PALUSTRIS POA PRATENSIS Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora PHYSIOG Ad TREE Ad TREE Ad TREE Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt TREE Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt TREE Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS 86 COMMON NAME Eastern White Pine Loblolly Pine Scrub Pine Water Lettuce Field Pea Water Elm Virginia Rock Cress Bracted Plantain Heart-Leaved Plantain Slender Plantain Small Plantain Whorled Plantain English Plantain Common Plantain Patagonia Plantain Red-Seeded Plantain Red-Stalked Plantain Dwarf Plantain Wright's Plantain Orange Fringed Orchid Small Green Fringed Orchid Pale Green Orchid Tubercled Orchid Ragged Fringed Orchid Eastern Prairie White Fringed Orchid Purple Fringless Orchid Western Prairie White Fringed Orchid Purple Fringed Orchid Sycamore Camphor Weed Stinking Marsh Fleabane Annual Blue Grass Bulbous Blue Grass Spear Grass Canada Blue Grass Inland Bluegrass Marsh Blue Grass Kentucky Blue Grass Table 1 ACRON POASYL POATRI POAWOL PODPEL POGOPH POLDOCt POLDOT" POLREP POLING POLSAN POLSEN POLVER POLBIF POLACH POLAME POLAVAtT POLAVB! POLAVDt POLAVN' POLERE POLRAP! POLRAR' POLTEN POLCAN POLLAE POLPOL POLPVIt POLPRO POLACR POLNUT POMJAM PONCOR POPCADT POPCAS! POPJAC POPALB a a * wn en # Ow BO * * ak Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Poa sylvestris POA TRIVIALIS Poa wolfii Podophyllum peltatum Pogonia ophioglossoides Polanisia dodecandra subsp. dodecandra Polanisia dodecandra subsp. trachysperma Polemonium reptans Polygala incarnata Polygala sanguinea Polygala senega Polygala verticillata Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum Polygonum achoreum Polygonum americanum POLYGONUM AVICULARE subsp. AVICULARE Polygonum aviculare subsp. buxiforme POLYGONUM AVICULARE subsp. DEPRESSUM POLYGONUM AVICULARE subsp. NEGLECTUM Polygonum erectum Polygonum ramosissimum var. prolificum™ Polygonum ramosissimum var. ramosissimum Polygonum tenue Polymnia canadensis Polymnia laevigata Polypodium polypodioides var. michauxianum Polypodium virginianum Polypremum procumbens Polystichum acrostichoides Polytaenia nuttallii POMARIA JAMESII Pontederia cordata POPULUS « CANADENSIS POPULUS * CANESCENS POPULUS * JACKII POPULUS ALBA PHYSIOG Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Nt P-FORB Nt FERN Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad TREE Ad TREE Ad TREE Ad TREE COMMON NAME Woodland Blue Grass Rough Blue Grass Wolf's Blue Grass May Apple Snakemouth Orchid Clammyweed Rough-Seeded Clammy Weed Jacob's Ladder Pink Milkwort Field Milkwort Seneca Snakeroot Whorled Milkwort Smooth Solomon's Seal Leathery Knotweed Southern Jointweed Common Knotweed. Box Knotweed Oval-Leaf Knotweed Narrowleaf Knotweed Erect Knotweed Bushy Knotweed Bushy Knotweed Slender Knotweed Leafcup Smooth Leaf Cup Resurrection Fern Common Polypody Polypremum Christmas Fern Prairie Parsley Rush Pea Pickerel Weed Eugene Poplar European Hybrid Aspen Balm-Of-Gilead White Poplar wa a Table 1 ACRON POPDEL POPGRA POPHET POPNIG POPTRE PORGRA PORPIL POROLE POTAMP POTCRI POTDIV POTEPI POTFOL POTILL POTNOD POTPEC POTPUL POTPUS POTARG POTCAN POTNOR POTREC POTRIV POTSIM POTSUP PREALB PREALT PREASP PRECRE PRERAC PRIFAS PRIFRE PRIMEA PRIVER PROLOU PROPAL PROGLA PRUVUA! PRUVUV! fr) * x O w = * Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Populus deltoides Populus grandidentata Populus heterophylla POPULUS NIGRA var. ITALICA Populus tremuloides PORTULACA GRANDIFLORA Portulaca pilosa Portulacca oleracea * Potamogeton amplifolius POTAMOGETON CRISPUS Potamogeton diversifolius Potamogeton epihydrus Potamogeton foliosus Potamogeton illinoensis Potamogeton nodosus Potamogeton pectinatus Potamogeton pulcher Potamogeton pusillus POTENTILLA ARGENTEA Potentilla canadensis Potentilla norvegica POTENTILLA RECTA Potentilla rivalis Potentilla simplex“ Potentilla supina subsp. paradoxa Prenanthes alba Prenanthes altissima Prenanthes aspera Prenanthes crepidinea Prenanthes racemosa Primula fassettii Primula frenchii Primula meadia PRIMULA VERIS PROBOSCIDEA LOUISIANA * Proserpinaca palustris PROSOPIS GLANDULOSA Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata PRUNELLA VULGARIS var. VULGARIS PHYSIOG Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Ad TREE Nt TREE Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB wa 8 COMMON NAME Cottonwood Large-Toothed Aspen Swamp Cottonwood Lombardy Poplar Quaking Aspen Portulaca Shaggy Portulaca Purslane Large-Leaved Pondweed Beginner's Pondweed. Waterthread Pondweed Ribbon-Leaved Pondweed Leafy Pondweed Illinois Pondweed Long-Leaved Pondweed Comb Pondweed Spotted Pondweed Small Pondweed Silvery Cinquefoil Five Fingers Rough Cinquefoil Sulphur Cinquefoil Brook Cinquefoil Common Cinquefoil River Cinquefoil White Lettuce Tall White Lettuce Rough White Lettuce Great White Lettuce Glaucous White Lettuce Amethyst Shooting Star French's Shooting Star Shooting Star Cowslip Primrose Unicorn Plant Mermaid Weed Honey Mesquite Self-Heal Lawn Prunella Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 9 Table 1 ACRON C SCIENTIFIC NAME PHYSIOG COMMON NAME PRUAME 4 Prunus americana Nt TREE Wild Plum PRUANG 5 Prunus angustifolia Nt SHRUB Chickasaw Plum PRUARM * PRUNUS ARMENIACA Ad TREE Apricot PRUCER * PRUNUS CERASUS Ad TREE Sour Cherry PRUHOR 3 Prunus hortulana* Nt TREE Hortulan Plum PRUMAH * PRUNUS MAHALEB Ad TREE Perfumed Cherry PRUMEX 3 Prunus mexicana Nt TREE Mexican Plum PRUMUN 5 Prunus munsoniana * Nt TREE Wild Goose Plum PRUPER, * PRUNUS PERSICA Ad TREE Peach PRUSER 2 Prunus serotina Nt TREE Wild Black Cherry PRUSPI * PRUNUS SPINOSA Ad SHRUB Blackthorn PRUVIR 4 Prunus virginiana Nt SHRUB Choke Cherry PSEHEL 4 Pseudognaphalium helleri Nt A-FORB _ Rabbit Tobacco PSEMIC 5 Pseud phali icradeni Nt A-FORB — Smooth Rabbit Tobacco PSEOBT 2 Pseud phali btusifoli Nt A-FORB Old-Field Balsam PTETRI 5 Ptelea trifoliata Nt SHRUB Hop Tree PTEAQU 4 Pteridium aquilinum Nt FERN Bracken Fern PTICAP 10 Ptilimnium capillaceum Nt A-FORB Mock Bishop's Weed PTICOS 7 Ptilimnium costatum Nt A-FORB — Ribbed Mock Bishop's Weed PTINUT 4 Ptilimnium nuttallii Nt A-FORB — Nuttall's Mock Bishop's ee PUCDIS * PUCCINELLIA DISTANS AdP-GRASS Alkali Grass PUEMON * PUERARIA MONTANA var. LOBATA Ad W-VINE — Kudzu Vine PYCALB 7 Pycnanthemum albescens Nt P-FORB — White Mountain Mint PYCMUT 10 Pycnanthemum muticum NtP-FORB — Short-Toothed Mountain Mint PYCPIL 5 Pycnanthemum pilosum NtP-FORB — Hairy Mountain Mint PYCTEN 4 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Nt P-FORB — Slender Mountain Mint PYCTOR = 10 Pycnanthemum torrei Nt P-FORB _ Torrey's Mountain Mint PYCVIR 6 Pycnanthemum virginianum Nt P-FORB = Common Mountain Mint PYRCOC * PYRACANTHA COCCINEA Ad SHRUB Firethorn PYRCAR 0 Pyrrhopappus carolinianus Nt A-FORB Yellow False Dandelion PYRCAL * PYRUS CALLERYANA Ad TREE Bradford Pear PYRCOM * PYRUS COMMUNIS Ad TREE Pear QUEACU * QUERCUS ACUTISSIMA Ad TREE Sawtooth Oak QUEALB 4 Quercus alba Nt TREE White Oak QUEBIC 7 Quercus bicolor Nt TREE Swamp White Oak QUECOC 5 Quercus coccinea Nt TREE Scarlet Oak QUEELL 10 Quercus ellipsoidalis Nt TREE Hill's Oak QUEF AL 6 Quercus falcata Nt TREE Southern Red Oak ¥wWwn FA Bx Ww ¥ FUND wn Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 90 SCIENTIFIC NAME Quercus imbricaria Quercus lyrata Quercus macrocarpa Quercus marilandica Quercus michauxii Quercus muehlenbergii Quercus nigra Quercus pagoda Quercus palustris Quercus phellos Quercus prinoides Quercus rubra“ Quercus shumardii var. acerifolia* Quercus shumardii var. shumardii Quercus similis Quercus stellata Quercus texana Quercus velutina Ranunculus abortivus RANUNCULUS ACRIS Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus RANUNCULUS ARVENSIS RANUNCULUS BULBOSUS Ranunculus cymbalaria Ranunculus fascicularis RANUNCULUS FICARIA Ranunculus flabellaris Ranunculus harveyi Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus Ranunculus laxicaulis Ranunculus micranthus RANUNCULUS PARVIFLORUS Ranunculus pusillus Ranunculus recurvatus RANUNCULUS REPENS RANUNCULUS SARDOUS Ranunculus sceleratus PHYSIOG Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB COMMON NAME Shingle Oak Overcup Oak Bur Oak Blackjack Oak Basket Oak Chinquapin Oak Water Oak Cherrybark Oak Pin Oak Willow Oak Dwarf Chestnut Oak Red Oak Schneck Oak Shumard Oak Bottomland Post Oaki Post Oak Nuttall's Oak Black Oak Small-Flowered Buttercup Tall Buttercup White Crowfoot Spiny Buttercup Bulbous Buttercup Seaside Crowfoot Early Buttercup Lesser Celandine Yellow Water Crowfoot Harvey's Buttercup Swamp Buttercup Hispid Buttercup Swamp Buttercup Water Plantain Spearwort Rock Crowfoot Small-Flowered Crowfoot Low Spearwort Hooked Buttercup Creeping Buttercup Hairy Buttercup Cursed Buttercup * * SCIENTIFIC NAME RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM RAPHANUS SATIVUS RAPISTRUM RUGOSUM RATIBIDA COLUMNIFERA Ratibida pinnata RATIBIDA TAGETES RESEDA LUTEA RESEDA LUTEOLA Rhamnus caroliniana RHAMNUS CATHARTICA RHAMNUS DAVURICA RHAMNUS JAPONICA Rhamnus lanceolata Rhexia mariana var. interior Rhexia mariana var. mariana Rhexia virginica Rhododendron prinophyllum RHODOTYPOS SCANDENS Rhus aromatica var. aromatica Rhus aromatica var. serotina Rhus copallinum var. latifolia Rhus glabra RHUS TYPHINA Rhynchosia difformis Rhynchosia latifolia Rhynchospora capillacea Rhynchospora capitellata Rhynchospora corniculata Rhynchospora globularis var. recognita Rhynchospora harveyi Rt Rhynchospora scirpoides“ Ribes americanum Ribes cynosbati Ribes missouriense Ribes odoratum RICINUS COMMUNIS ROBINIA HISPIDA ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA* PHYSIOG Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad A-FORB Ad SHRUB Ad TREE Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 9] COMMON NAME Wild Radish Radish Turnipweed Long-Headed Coneflower Grey-Headed Coneflower Shortray Prairie Coneflower Wild Mignonette Dyer's Rocket Carolina Buckthorn Common Buckthorn Dahurian Buckthorn Japanese Buckthorn Lance-Leaved Buckthorn Meadow Beauty Maryland Meadow Beauty Virginia Meadow Beauty Azalea Jetbead Common Fragrant Sumac Tall Frangrant Sumac Shining Sumac Smooth Sumac Staghorn Sumac Double-Formed Snoutbean Prairie Snoutbean Hair Beak Rush Clustered Beak Rush Shortbristle Horned Rush Grass Beak Rush Harvey's Beak Rush Tall Horned Rush Long-Beaked Beak Rush Wild Black Current Prickly Wild Gooseberry Wild Gooseberry Clove Current Castor-Oil Plant Bristly Locust Black Locust (introduced) Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 92 Table 1 ACRON C SCIENTIFIC NAME PHYSIOG COMMON NAME ROBPSNt 6 Robinia pseudoacacia* Nt TREE Black Locust (native) RORAQU _ 10 Rorippa aquatica Nt P-FORB Lake Cress RORCUR 5 Rorippa curvipes Nt A-FORB — Blunt-Leaved Yellow Cress RORPAL 2 Rorippa palustris var. fernaldiana Nt A-FORB Marsh Yellow Cress RORSES 3 Rorippa sessiliflora Nt A-FORB _ Sessile-Flowered Cress RORSIN 3 Rorippa sinuata Nt P-FORB Spreading Yellow Cress RORSYL * RORIPPA SYLVESTRIS Ad P-FORB _ Creeping Yellow Cress RORTEN 5 Rorippa tenerrima Nt A-FORB = Modoc Yellow Cress ROSARK 5 Rosa arkansana Nt SHRUB Sunshine Rose ROSBLA 6 Rosa blanda Nt SHRUB Early Wild Rose ROSCAN * ROSA CANINA Ad SHRUB Dog Rose ROSCACT 4 Rosa carolina subsp. carolina“ Nt SHRUB Pasture Rose ROSCAS! 4 Rosa carolina subsp. subserrulata* Nt SHRUB Pasture Rose ROSGAL * ROSA GALLICA Ad SHRUB _ French Rose ROSLUC * ROSA LUCIEAE AdSHRUB ~~ Memorial Rose ROSMUL * ROSA MULTIFLORA AdSHRUB — Multiflora Rose ROSPAL 7 Rosa palustris Nt SHRUB Swamp Rose ROSRUB * ROSA RUBIGINOSA AdSHRUB — Sweetbriar ROSRUG * ROSA RUGOSA AdSHRUB — Rugosa Rose ROSSET 4 Rosa setigera Nt SHRUB Prairie Rose ROSSPI * ROSA SPINOSISSIMA Ad SHRUB Scotch Rose ROSWOO * ROSA WOODSII AdSHRUB Woods Rose ROTRAM 4 Rotala ramosior Nt A-FORB — Toothcup RUBABL 2 Rubus ablatus* Nt SHRUB Plains Blackberry RUBABO 4 Rubus aboriginum Nt SHRUB Garden Dewberry RUBALL 4 Rubus allegheniensis Nt SHRUB Common Blackberry RUBALU 4 Rubus alumnus* Nt SHRUB Old Field Blackberry RUBARG 1 Rubus argutus* Nt SHRUB Sawtooth Blackberry RUBARM * RUBUS ARMENIACUS Ad SHRUB — Himalayan Blackberry RUBCEL 4 Rubus celer* Nt SHRUB Bountiful Dewberry RUBCUR 3 Rubus curtipes* Nt SHRUB Short-Stalked Dewberry RUBDEA 4 Rubus deamii Nt SHRUB Deam's Dewberry RUBENS 5 Rubus enslenii* Nt SHRUB One-Flowered Dewberry RUBFLA 3 Rubus flagellaris* Nt SHRUB Common Dewberry RUBFRO 2 Rubus frondosus“ Nt SHRUB Yankee Blackberry RUBIDA * RUBUS IDAEUS var. STRIGOSUS Ad SHRUB _ Red Raspberry RUBLAC * RUBUS LACINIATUS AdSHRUB — Cutleaf Blackberry RUBLAU 4 Rubus laudatus* Nt SHRUB Paririe Blackberry RUBLEV 4 Rubus leviculus Nt SHRUB Bottomland Dewberry Table 1 ACRON RUBMER RUBMIS RUBMOL RUBOCC RUBPAR RUBPHO RUBPLI RUBROR RUBROS RUBSAT RUBSER RUBSTE RUBTRI RUDAMP RUDBIC RUDFUs' RUDFUU' RUDGRA RUDHIR RUDLAC RUDMAX RUDMIS RUDSUB RUDTRI RUEHUM RUEPED RUESTR RUMACE RUMALT RUMCON RUMCRP™ RUMCRT" RUMDEN RUMFUE RUMHAS RUMOBT RUMPAT RUMPUL RUMSTE Cc ¥ WAND FR WAH DH en HN YN WwW FR WwW Re ¥N € WWD Wm DO # * * x % * SCIENTIFIC NAME Rubus meracus* Rubus missouricus* Rubus mollior™ Rubus occidentalis RUBUS PARVIFOLIUS RUBUS PHOENICOLASIUS Rubus plicatifolius* Rubus roribaccus* Rubus rosa Rubus satis* RUBUS SERISSIMUS Rubus steelei Rubus trivialis Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Rudbeckia bicolor“ Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii* Rudbeckia fulgida var. umbrosa* RUDBECKIA GRANDIFLORA Rudbeckia hirta“ Rudbeckia laciniata RUDBECKIA MAXIMA Rudbeckia missouriensis Rudbeckia subtomentosa Rudbeckia triloba Ruellia humilis Ruellia pedunculata Ruellia strepens RUMEX ACETOSELLA Rumex altissimus RUMEX CONGLOMERATUS RUMEX CRISPUS RUMEX CRISTATUS RUMEX DENTATUS Rumex fueginus Rumex hastatulus RUMEX OBTUSIFOLIUS RUMEX PATIENTIA RUMEX PULCHER RUMEX STENOPHYLLUS Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora PHYSIOG Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB COMMON NAME Dryslope Dewberry Missouri Dewberry Softleaf Blackberry Black Raspberry Small-Leaved Raspberry Wineberry Pleat-Leaved Dewberry Lucretia Dewberry Rose Blackberry New York Dewberry Chesapeake Blackberry Steele's Dewberry Southern Dewberry Coneflower Pine Woods Coneflower Orange Coneflower Orange Coneflower Large Black-Eyed Susan Black-Eyed Susan Wild Golden Glow Great Coneflower Missouri Black-Eyed Susan Sweet Black-Eyed Susan Brown-Eyed Susan Hairy Ruellia Wild Petunia Smooth Ruellia Field Sorrel Pale Dock Clustered Dock Curly Dock Greek Dock Asian Dock Golden Dock Wild Sorrel Bitter Dock Patience Dock Fiddle Dock Eurasian Dock Table 1 ACRON RUMTRI RUMVER RUPMAR RUTGRA SABANG SABBRA SABCAM SACSTR SAGDEC SAGPRO SAGAMB SAGBRE SAGCAL SAGGRA SAGLAT SAGPLA SAGRIG SALEUR SALFRA SALSEP SALALB SALAMY SALCAR SALDIS SALERT SALFAM SALHUM SALINT SALNIG SALPET SALPUR SALSER SALCOL SALTRA SALAZU SALCOC SALLYR SALREF SAMCAN = Oo = — Se) Al A) BR) ay BR) x Ox * FO NY Ws ON & x # 0 & * Nw Ww SCIENTIFIC NAME Rumex triangulivalvis Rumex verticillatus Ruppia maritima RUTA GRAVEOLENS Sabatia angularis Sabatia brachiata Sabatia campestris Sacciolepis striata Sagina decumbens SAGINA PROCUMBENS Sagittaria ambigua Sagittaria brevirostra Sagittaria calycina Sagittaria gram inea Sagittaria latifolia Sagittaria platyphylla Sagittaria rigida SALICORNIA EUROPAEA SALIX x FRAGILIS SALIX x SEPULCRALIS SALIX ALBA Salix amygdaloides Salix caroliniana Salix discolor Salix eriocephala Salix famelica Salix humilis Salix interior Salix nigra Salix petiolaris SALIX PURPUREA Salix sericea SALSOLA COLLINA SALSOLA TRAGUS Salvia azurea var. grandiflora SALVIA COCCINEA Salvia lyrata Salvia reflexa Sambucus canadensis Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 94 PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad TREE Ad TREE Ad TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt SHRUB Nt TREE Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt TREE Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt SHRUB COMMON NAME Mexican Dock Swamp Dock Ditch Grass Common Rue Rose Gentian Narrow-Leaved Marsh Pink Prairie Rose Gentian Cupscale Trailing Pearlwort Birdeye Pearlwort Kansas Arrowhead Engelmann's Arrowhead Long-Lobed Arrowhead Grass-Leaved Arrowhead Common Arrowhead Delta Arrowhead Stiff Arrowhead Glasswort Crack Willow Weeping Willow White Willow Peach-Leaved Willow Ward's Willow Pussy Willow Diamond Willow Yellow Willow Prairie Willow Sandbar Willow Black Willow Petioled Willow Purple Willow Autumn Willow Slender Russian Thistle Russian Thistle Blue Sage Scarlet Sage Lyre-Leaved Sage Rocky Mountain Sage Elderberry Table 1 ACRON SAMPUB SAMPAR SANGCAT SANICAT SANODO SANSMA SAPSAP SAPOFF SASALB SAUCER SCAATR SCHPAN SCHSCO SCHACU SCHAME SCHCAL SCHDEL SCHETU SCHHAL SCHHET SCHMUC SCHPUN SCHPUR SCHSAX SCHSUB SCHTAB SCHTOR SCISIB SCIATR SCICYP SCIDIV SCIGEO SCIPAL SCIPED SCIPEN SCIPOL SCIRUB SCLANN SCLCIL wn * 8 Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 95 SCIENTIFIC NAME Sambucus pubens Samolus parviflorus Sanguinaria canadensis Sanicula canadensis Sanicula odorata Sanicula smallii Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS Sassafras albidum Saururus cernuus SCABIOSA ATROPURPUREA Schedonnardus paniculatus Schizachyrium scoparium * Schoenoplectus acutus Schoenoplectus americanus SCHOENOPLECTUS CALIFORNICUS Schoenoplectus deltarum at 1 1 1 F Schoenoplectus hallii at 1 SCHOENOPLECTUS MUCRONATUS Schoenoplectus pungens SCHOENOPLECTUS PURSHIANUS at 1 Schoenoplectus subterminalis at 1 1 Schoenoplectus torreyi SCILLA SIBERICA Scirpus atrovirens Scirpus cyperinus Scirpus divaricatus Scirpus georgianus Scirpus pallidus Scirpus pedicellatus Scirpus pendulus Scirpus polyphyllus Scirpus rubricosus* SCLERANTHUS ANNUUS Scleria ciliata PHYSIOG Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt TREE Ad P-FORB Nt TREE Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Ad P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Ad A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Ad A-SEDGE Nt A-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Ad P-FORB Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Nt P-SEDGE Ad A-FORB Nt P-SEDGE COMMON NAME Red-Berried Elder Water Pimpernel Bloodroot Canadian Black Snakeroot Clustered Black Snakeroot Small's Black Snakeroot Soapberry Bouncing Bet Sassafras Lizard's Tail Pincushions Tumble Grass Little Bluestem Hard-Stemmed Bulrush Saltmarsh Bulrush California Bulrush Delta Bulrush Canby's Bulrush Hall's Bulrush Slender Bulrush Bog Bulrush Chairmaker's Rush Weak-Stalked Bulrush Rocky Mountain Bulrush Swaying Bulrush Great Bulrush Torrey's Bulrush Siberian Squill Dark Green Rush Wool Grass Spreading Bulrush Georgia Bulrush Cloaked Bulrush Stalked Bulrush Red Bulrush Leafy Bulrush Long-Stalked Wool Grass Knawel Hairy Nut-Rush Table 1 ACRON SCLOLI SCLPAU SCLRET SCLTRI SCLVER SCLDUR SCRLAN SCRMAR SCUBUS SCUELL SCUGAL SCUINC SCULAT SCUNER SCUOVA SCUPAA! SCUPAM' SCUPAPT SECCER SECVAR SEDACR SEDERY SEDNUT SEDPUL SEDPUR SEDREF SEDSAR SEDTER SELAPO SELECL SELRUP SELAUR SENAMP SENVUL SENMAR SENOBT SENOCC SESIND SESHER = i=) = o ek RMN wm x % * ~ x x x WwW BR Fe EO OH OOH # * Ww Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME PHYSIOG COMMON NAME Scleria oligantha Nt P-SEDGE Few-Flowered Nut-Rush Scleria pauciflora Nt P-SEDGE Papillose Nut Rush Scleria reticularis var. pubescens Nt A-SEDGE Muhlenberg's Nut-Rush Scleria triglomerata Nt P-SEDGE Tall Nut Rush Scleria verticillata Nt A-SEDGE Low Nut Rush SCLEROCHLOA DURA Ad P-GRASS Hard Grass Scrophularia lanceolata Nt P-FORB Early Figowrt Scrophularia marilandica Nt P-FORB Late Figwort Scutellaria bushii Nt P-FORB Bush's Skullcap Scutellaria elliptica NtP-FORB Hairy Skullcap Scutellaria galericulata Nt P-FORB Marsh Skullcap Scutellaria incana NtP-FORB — Downy Skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora NtP-FORB = Mad-Dog Skullcap Scutellaria nervosa Nt P-FORB _ Veiny Skullcap Scutellaria ovata NtP-FORB — Heart-Leaved Skullcap Scutellaria parvula var. australis Nt P-FORB Southern Small Skullcap Scutellaria parvula var. missouriensis Nt P-FORB Leonard's Skullcap Scutellaria parvula var. parvula NtP-FORB — Small Skullcap SECALE CEREALE Ad A-GRASS Rye SECURIGERA VARIA Ad P-FORB — Crown Vetch SEDUM ACRE AdP-FORB Mossy Stonecrop SEDUM ERYTHROSTICTUM Ad P-FORB Pale-Flowered Stonecrop Sedum nuttallianum Nt P-FORB Yellow Stonecrop Sedum pulchellum Nt A-FORB Widow's Cross SEDUM PURPUREUM Ad P-FORB _ Live-Forever SEDUM REFLEXUM AdP-FORB _ Jenny's Stonecrop SEDUM SARMENTOSUM AdP-FORB _ Stringy Stonecrop Sedum ternatum Nt P-FORB Wild Stonecrop Selaginella apoda Nt FERN Marsh Spikemoss Selaginella eclipes Nt FERN Hidden Spikemoss Selaginella rupestris Nt FERN Sand Spikemoss Selenia aurea Nt A-FORB _ Golden Selenia SENECIO AMPULLACEUS Ad A-FORB _ Texas Ragwort SENECIO VULGARIS Ad A-FORB Common Groundsel Senna marilandica NtP-FORB — Maryland Senna Senna obtusifolia Nt A-FORB _ Sickle Senna SENNA OCCIDENTALIS Ad A-FORB — Coffee Senna SESAMUM INDICUM Ad A-FORB — Sesame Sesbania herbacea Nt A-FORB _ Sesbania Table 1 ACRON SESVES SETFAB SETGLA SETITA SETPAR SET VER SET VIM! SETVIV' SHEARV SICANG SIDELL SIDSPI SIDLAN SIDLYC SILANT SILCAR SILCON SILCSE SILDIC SILDIO SILGAL SILLAT SILNIV SILNOC SILREG SILSTE SILVIR SILVUL SILAST SILINI' SILINL" SILLAC SILPER SILRAD SILTER SILMAR SINALB SINARV SISALT a = o = o * * &£ BR & & & & * & * wn oN x £ &£ & # & fr) S| Al Ss] bo) Oo] BB] BR) A) Be) Ha] Ml] oO) OU# * * SCIENTIFIC NAME SESBANIA VESICARIA SETARIA FABERI SETARIA GLAUCA SETARIA ITALICA Setaria parviflora SETARIA VERTICILLATA SETARIA VIRIDIS var. MAJOR SETARIA VIRIDIS var. VIRIDIS SHERARDIA ARVENSIS Sicyos angulatus Sida elliottii SIDA SPINOSA Sideroxylon lanuginosum subsp. oblongifolium Sideroxylon lycioides Silene antirrhina Silene caroliniana var. wherryi SILENE CONOIDEA SILENE CSEREII SILENE DICHOTOMA SILENE DIOCICA SILENE GALLICA SILENE LATIFOLIA Silene nivea SILENE NOCTIFLORA Silene regia Silene stellata Silene virginica SILENE VULGARIS Silphium asteriscus Silphium integrifolium var. integrifolium Silphium integrifolium var. laeve Silphium laciniatum Silphium perfoliatum SILPHIUM RADULA Silphium terebinthinaceum SILYBUM MARIANUM SINAPIS ALBA SINAPIS ARVENSIS SISYMBRIUM ALTISSIMUM Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora PHYSIOG Ad A-FORB Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt TREE Nt SHRUB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB COMMON NAME Bagpod. Giant Foxtail Yellow Foxtail Foxtail Millet Perennial Foxtail Bristly Foxtail Giant Green Foxtail Green Foxtail Field Madder Bur Cucumber Elliott's Sida Prickly Sida Gum Bumelia Southern Buckthorn Sleepy Catchfly Wild Pink Mediterranean Catchfly Glaucous Campion Forked Catchfly Red Campion French Silene White Campion Snowy Campion Night-F lowering Catchfly Royal Catchfly Starry Campion Fire Pink Bladder Campion Starry Rosinweed Rosinweed Blue Rosinweed Compass Plant Cup Plant Rough-Leaved Rosinweed Prairie Dock Milk Thistle White Mustard Charlock Tumble Mustard io} = oa * SO] 1 OH) OA My] 8] OO) BY] GA] Go] CO] Gh) CA] SO] GA] Sa] Oe * = x x * = * “me ND ON We Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 9g SCIENTIFIC NAME SISYMBRIUM LOESELI SISYMBRIUM OFFICINALE Sisyrinchium albidum Sisyrinchium angustifolium Sisyrinchium atlanticum Sisyrinchium campestre Sium suave Smallanthus uvedalius Smilax bona-nox Smilax ecirrhata Smilax glauca Smilax hispida Smilax illinoensis Smilax lasioneuron Smilax pulverulenta Smilax rotundifolia Solanum americanum Solanum carolinense SOLANUM DIMIDIATUM SOLANUM DULCAMARA Solanum elaeagnifolium SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM SOLANUM NIGRUM SOLANUM PSEUDOCAPSICUM Solanum ptycanthum SOLANUM ROSTRATUM SOLANUM SARACHOIDES SOLANUM TRIFLORUM SOLANUM TUBEROSUM Solidago altissima var. altissima* Solidago altissima var. gilvicanescens* Solidago arguta Solidago buckleyi Solidago caesia Solidago canadensis var. hargeri“ Solidago drummondii Solidago flexicaulis Solidago gattingeri Solidago gigantea PHYSIOG Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt W-VINE Nt P-FORB Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt W-VINE Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad W-VINE Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Tall Hedge Mustard Hedge Mustard Common Blue-eyed Grass Pointed Blue-Eyed Grass Eastern Blue-Eyed Grass Prairie Blue-Eyed Grass Water Parsnip Yellow-Flower Leafcup Saw Greenbriar Upright Carrrion Flower Cat Greenbriar Bristly Greenbriar Illinois Carrion Flower Carrion Flower Powdery Carrion Flower Horsebriar American Black Nightshade Horse Nettle Western Horse Nettle Bittersweet Nightshade White Horse Nettle Tomato Black Nightshade Jerusalem Cherry West Indian Nightshade Buffalo Bur Viscid Nightshade Cutleaf Nightshade Potato Tall Goldenrod Tall Goldenrod Sharp-Leaved Goldenrod Buckley's Goldenrod Blue-Stemmed Goldenrod Canada Goldenrod Drummond's Goldenrod Broad-Leaved Goldenrod Gattinger's Goldenrod Late Goldenrod Table 1 ACRON SOLHIS SOLJUN SOLMIS SOLNEL' SOLNEN! SOLODO SOLPAT SOLPET SOLRAD SOLRUG SOLSPR' SOLSPst SOLULM SONARA' SONARUt SONASP SONOLE SORNUT SORBIC SORHAL SPAAME SPAAND SPAEUR SPAPEC SPEARV SPESAL SPEGLA SPEDIV SPEECH SPEINE SPHFEN SPHZEY SPHNIT SPHOBM' SPHOBO! SPHPEN SPIMAR SPIVAN SPIALB = a) = ie) onnarkao S) Bl) ss] Gy] ay] oo * * * & * mn As £ FW WwW Om £ FM HH DO & fer) * ‘oO Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora SCIENTIFIC NAME Solidago hispida Solidago juncea Solidago missouriensis subsp. fasciculata Solidago nemoralis var. longipetiolata* Solidago nemoralis var. nemoralis* Solidago odora Solidago patula Solidago petiolaris Solidago radula Solidago rugosa Solidago speciosa var. rigidiuscula“ Solidago speciosa var. speciosa Solidago ulmifolia SONCHUS ARVENSIS subsp. ARVENSIS SONCHUS ARVENSIS subsp. ULIGINOSUS SONCHUS ASPER SONCHUS OLERACEUS Sorghastrum nutans SORGHUM BICOLOR SORGHUM HALEPENSE Sparganium americanum Sparganium androcladum Sparganium eurycarpum Spartina pectinata SPERGULA ARVENSIS SPERGULARIA SALINA Spermacoce glabra Spermolepis divaricata Spermolepis echinata Spermolepis inermis SPHAERALCEA FENDLERI SPHENOCLEA ZEYLANDICA Sphenopholis nitida Sphenopholis obtusata var. major Sphenopholis obtusata var. obtusata Sphenopholis pensylvanica Spigelia marilandica SPIRAEA x VANHOUTTEI Spiraea alba PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-GRASS Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB 99 COMMON NAME White Goldenrod Early Goldenrod Missouri Goldenrod Old-Field Goldenrod Old-Field Goldenrod Sweet Goldenrod Swamp Goldenrod Downy Goldenrod Rough Goldenrod Rough-Leaved Goldenrod Showy Goldenrod Showy Goldenrod Elm-Leaved Goldenrod Field Sow Thistle Common Sow Thistle Spiny Sow Thistle Store-Front Sow Thistle Indian Grass Sorghum Johnson Grass American Bur Reed Branching Bur Reed Common Bur Reed Prairie Cord Grass Corn Spurrey Salt Spurrey Smooth Buttonweed Forked Scale-Seed Bristly-Fruited Spermolepis Scaleseed Plains Globe Mallow Chickenspike Shining Wedge Grass Slender Wedge Grass Prairie Wedge Grass Swamp Oats Pink-Root Garden Spiraea Meadowsweet Table 1 ACRON SPIDOU SPIJAP SPIPRU SPITOM SPICER SPILAC SPILUC SPIMAG SPIOVA SPITUB SPIVER SPIPOL SPIPUN SPOAIR SPOCLA spococt SPOCOD! sPOcoAt SPOCRY SPOHET SPOIND SPONEG SPOOZA SPOPYR SPOVAG STAASP STAHIS STAPIL STATEN STATRI STEHIA STELGRt STELON STEMEA STENEG STEPAL STENGRT STELIN STESEC a = a i pet SSH tal B] OA] aH Ol] S MN] NM) & Gl) BI] NM) BB] Wy) UA) BoB] LA] oo) Gy) CO] S] x ED * x “Io Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 100 SCIENTIFIC NAME SPIRAEA DOUGLASII SPIRAEA JAPONICA SPIRAEA PRUNIFOLIA Spiraea tomentosa Spiranthes cernua Spiranthes lacera Spiranthes lucida Spiranthes magnicamporum Spiranthes ovalis var. erostellata Spiranthes tuberosa Spiranthes vernalis Spirodela polyrhiza SPIRODELA PUNCTATA SPOROBOLUS AIROIDES Sporobolus clandestinus Sporobolus compositus var. compositrus Sporobolus compositus var. drummondii Sporobolus compositus var. macer Sporobolus cryptandrus Sporobolus heterolepis SPOROBOLUS INDICUS Sporobolus neglectus Sporobolus ozarkanus SPOROBOLUS PYRAMIDATUS Sporobolus vaginiflorus Stachys aspera Stachys hispida Stachys pilosa Stachys tenuifolia Staphylea trifolia Steinchisma hians STELLARIA GRAMINEA Stellaria longifolia STELLARIA MEADIA STELLARIA NEGLECTA STELLARIA PALLIDA Stenanthium gramineum Stenosiphon linifolius* STENOTAPHRUM SECUNDATUM. PHYSIOG Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt P-GRASS Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Ad P-GRASS COMMON NAME Douglas! Meadow Sweet Japanese Spiraea Bridal Wreath Steeple Bush Nodding Ladies' Tresses Slender Ladies! Tresses Early Ladies! Tresses Dune Ladiess' Tresses Oval Ladies' Tresses Little Ladies! Tresses Spring Ladies' Tresses Big Duckweed Greater Duckweed Fine-T op Salt Grass Rough Rush Grass Rough Dropseed Rough Dropseed Rough Dropseed Sand Dropseed Prairie Dropseed Smut Grass Small Rush Grass Ozark Dropseed Whorled Dropseed Sheathed Rush Grass Rough Hedge Nteele Marsh Hedge Nettle Woundwort Rough Hedge Nettle Bladdernut Gaping Panic Grass Common Stitchwort Stitchwort Common Chickweed Greater Chickweed Sand Chickweed Featherbells False Gaura St. Augustine Grass Table 1 ACRON STISPA STRHEH' STRHEM!* STRLEI STRUMB STYPIC STYDIP STYBIF STYAME STYGRA SUACAL SULSUL SYMALB SYMOCC SYMORB SYMAME SYMANO SYMCIL SYMCOR SYMDRU SYMDUM SYMERI SYMFAL SYMLAE SYMLAI' SYMLAL' SYMLAT SYMNOV SYMOBL SYMONT SYMOOL SYMPAR SYMPAT SYMPIP" SYMPIGt SYMPRA SYMPUN SYMRAC = oS ¥unn FN www ALN] OG] A] Bl sa] wey] om) BI] Ww wn Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 101 SCIENTIFIC NAME Stipa spartea Strophostyles helvola var. helvola“ Strophostyles helvola var. missouriensis Strophostyles leiosperma Strophostyles um bellata Stylisma pickeringii var. pattersonii Stylophorum diphyllum Stylosanthes biflora Styrax americanus Styrax grandifolius SUAEDA CALCEOLIFORMIS Sullivantia sullivantii SYMPHORICARPOS ALBUS Symphoricarpos occidentalis Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Symphyotrichum < amethystinum Symphyotrichum anomalum SYMPHYOTRICHUM CILIATUM Symphyotrichum cordifolium Symphyotrichum drummondii Symphyotrichum dumosum var. strictior Symphyotrichum ericoides SYMPHYOTRICHUM FALCATUM subsp. COMMUTATUM Symphyotrichum laeve Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. interior Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Symphyotrichum novae-angliae Symphyotrichum oblongifolium Symphyotrichum ontarionis Symphyotrichum oolentangiense Symphyotrichum parviceps Symphyotrichum patens Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pringlei* Symphyotrichum praealtum Symphyotrichum puniceum Symphyotrichum racemosum var. subdumosum PHYSIOG Nt P-GRASS Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Porcupine Grass Trailing Wild Bean Trailing Wild Bean Small Wild Bean Pink Wild Bean Patterson's Stylisma Celandine Poppy Pencil Flower American Snowbell Big-Leaf Snowbell Sea Blite Sullivantia Snowberry Wolfberry Coralberry Amethyst Aster Blue Aster Rayless Aster Heart-Leaved Aster Drummond's Aster Bushy Aster Heath Aster White Prairie Aster Smooth Blue Aster Marsh Aster Panicled Aster Side-F lowering Aster New England Aster Aromatic Aster Ontario Aster Azure Aster Small-Headed Aster Spreading Aster Hairy Aster Hairy Aster Willow Aster Swamp Aster Small White Aster * * * ean nnn Mn wD BR DWN YY FN Ww i ¥) oO * sw Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 1Q2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Symphyotrichum sericeum SYMPHYOTRICHUM SUBULATUM var. LIGULATUM Symphyotrichum turbinellum Symphyotrichum urophyllum SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE SYRINGA VULGARIS Taenidia integerrima TAGETES ERECTA TAGETES PATULA TALINUM PANICULATUM TAMARIX RAMOSISSIMA TANACETUM BALSAMITA TANACETUM PARTHENIUM TANACETUM VULGARE TARAXACUM ERYTHROSPERMUM TARAXACUM OFFICINALE Taxodium distichum Tephrosia virginiana TETRADIUM DANIELII Teucrium canadense var. canadense Teucrium canadense var. occidentale Thalia dealbata Thalictrum dasycarpum Thalictrum dioicum Thalictrum revolutum Thalictrum thalictroides Thaspium barbinode Thaspium trifoliatum var. flavum Thaspium trifoliatum var. trifoliatum Thelesperma filifolium THELESPERMA MEGAPOTAMICUM Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens THLASPI ALLIACEUM THLASPI ARVENSE TIDESTROMIA LANUGINOSA Tilia americana var. americana Tilia americana var. heterophylla Tipularia discolor TIQUILIA NUTTALLII PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad SHRUB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt TREE Nt P-FORB Ad TREE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt B-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt FERN Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB COMMON NAME Silky Aster Salt Marsh Aster Prairie Aster Arrow-Leaved Aster Common Comfrey Lilac Yellow Pimpernel African Marigold French Marigold Panicled Flameflower French Tamarisk Costmary Feverfew Tansy Red-Seeded Dandelion Common Dandelion Bald Cypress Goat's Rue Korean Evodia Germander Germander Thalia Purple Meadow Rue Early Meadow Rue Waxy Meadow Rue Rue Anemone Hairy Meadow Parsnip Yellow Meadow Parsnip Purple Meadow Parsnip Greenthread Rayless Greenthread Marsh Fern Roadside Pennycress Field Pennycress Wooly Tidestromia Basswood White Basswood. Crane-Fly Orchid Rosette Tiquilia TRISTC! TRIARV TRIAUR TRICAM e e DoW DOA HE AIO ¥en ORDO Hw ist 1) * * Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 103 SCIENTIFIC NAME TORILIS ARVENSIS TORILIS JAPONICA TORILIS NODOSA Torreyochloa pallida Toxicodendron pubescens Toxicodendron radicans Trachelospermum difforme Tradescantia bracteata Tradescantia ernestiana Tradescantia longipes Tradescantia ohiensis Tradescantia ozarkana Tradescantia subaspera Tradescantia tharpii Tradescantia virginiana Tragia betonicifolia Tragia cordata Tragia ramosa TRAGOPOGON DUBIUS TRAGOPOGON PORRIFOLIUS TRAGOPOGON PRATENSIS Trautvettaria caroliniensis Trepocarpus aethusae Triadenum tubulosum Triadenum walteri TRIANTHEMA PORTULACASTRUM TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS Trichophorum planifolium Trichostema brachiatum Trichostema dichotomum Trichostema setaceum Tridens flavus var. chapmanii Tridens flavus var. flavus Tridens muticus var. elongatus Tridens strictus TRIFOLIUM AR VENSE TRIFOLIUM AUREUM TRIFOLIUM CAMPESTRE PHYSIOG Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-SEDGE Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB COMMON NAME Field Hedge Parsley Japanese Hedge Parsley Knotted Hedge Parsley Pale Manna Grass Eastern Poison Oak Poison Ivy Climbing Dogbane Long-Bracted Spiderwort Palmer's Spiderwort Wild Crocus Common Spiderwort Ozark Spiderwort Zigzag Spiderwort Tharp's Spiderwort Virginia Spiderwort Noseburn Twining Tragia Branching Tragia Yellow Salsify Meadow Salsify Common Goat's Beard False Bugbane Whitenymph Marsh St. John's Wort Walter's Marsh St. John's Wort Desert Purslane Caltrop Wood Club-Rush False Pennyroyal Blue Curls Bristly Blue Curls Chapman's Redtop False Redtop Long-Panicled Three- Toothed Grass Longspike Tridens Rabbit-Foot Clover Yellow Hop Clover Low Hop Clover Table 1 ACRON TRICAR TRIDUB TRIHYB TRIINC TRIPRA TRIREF TRIREP TRIRES TRISTO TRISTT! TRIVES TRIFLE TRINIV TRIPUS TRIREC TRISES TRIVIE' TRIVIS' TRIBIF TRIHOL TRILAM TRILEP TRIPFLt TRIOAN' TRIOAU! TRIOPE? TRITRI TRIPUR TRUNO TRIDAC TRIFLA TRIAES TSUCAN TURGLA TYPGLA TYPANG TYPDOM Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 104 SCIENTIFIC NAME Trifolium carolinianum TRIFOLIUM DUBIUM TRIFOLIUM HYBRIDUM TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE Trifolium reflexum TRIFOLIUM REPENS TRIFOLIUM RESUPINATUM Trifolium stoloniferum TRIFOLIUM STRIATUM TRIFOLIUM VESCICULOSUM Trillium flexipes Trillium nivale Trillium pusillum var. ozarkanum Trillium recurvatum Trillium sessile Trillium viride Trillium viridescens Triodanis biflora Triodanis holzingeri Triodanis lamprosperma Triodanis leptocarpa Triodanis perfoliata Triosteum angustifolium Triosteum aurantiacum Triosteum perfoliatum Triphora trianthophora Triplasis purpurea TRIPLEUROSPERMUM INODORUM Tripsacum dactyloides TRISETUM FLAVESCENS TRITICUM AESTIVUM TSUGA CANADENIS Turritis glabra Typha = glauca Typha angustifolia Typha domingensis PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt A-GRASS Ad A-FORB Nt P-GRASS Ad P-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad TREE Nt B-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Carolina Clover Little Hop Clover Alsike Clover Crimson Clover Red Clover Buffalo Clover White Clover Persian Clover Running Buffalo Clover Knotted Clover Arrowleaf Clover Declined Trillium Snow Trillium Ozark Wake Robin Red Trillium Toad Trillium Blunt-Leaved Green Trillium Sharp-Leaved Green Trillium Small Venus! Looking Glass Holzinger's Venus’ Looking Glass Shining-Seed Venus! Looking Glass Venus! Looking Glass Perfoliate Venus' Looking Glass Yellow-Flowered Horse Gentian Early Horse Gentian Late Horse Gentian Nodding Pogonia Sand Grass Scentless Chamomile Gama Grass Yellow Oats Wheat Eastern Hemlock Tower Mustard Blue Cattail Narrow-Leaved Cattail Southern Cattail ala * * * OS] co; SH] Bl a) mH * SCIENTIFIC NAME Typha latifolia ULMUS *« INTERMEDIA Ulmus alata Ulmus americana Ulmus crassifolia ULMUS MINOR ULMUS PUMILA Ulmus rubra Ulmus thomasi UROCHLOA PLATYPHYLLA UROCHLOA RAMOSA UROCHLOA TEXANA Urtica chamaedryoides URTICA DIOICA subsp. DIOICA Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis URTICA URENS Utricularia gibba Utricularia minor Utricularia subulata Utricularia vulgaris subsp. macrorhiza Uvularia grandiflora Uvularia sessilifolia VACCARIA HISPANICA Vaccinium arboreum VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM Vaccinium pallidum Vaccinium stamineum VALERIANELLA LOCUSTA Valerianella ozarkana Valerianella radiata Vallisneria americana Veratrum woodii VERBASCUM BLATTARIA VERBASCUM LYCHNITIS VERBASCUM PHLOMOIDES VERBASCUM THAPSUS VERBENA BONARIENSIS Verbena bracteata VERBENA BRASILIENSIS Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 105 PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Ad TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Ad TREE Ad TREE Nt TREE Nt TREE Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Nt A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad B-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB COMMON NAME Common Cattail Hybrid Elm Winged Elm American Elm Cedar Elm English Elm Siberian Elm Slippery Elm Rock Elm Fringed Signal Grass Browntop Millet Texas Millet Nettle European Nettle Tall Nettle Burning Nettle Humped Bladderwort Lesser Bladderwort Hair Bladderwort Great Bladderwort Bellwort Little Bellwort Cow Herb Farkleberry Highbush Blueberry Late Low Blueberry Deerberry Corn Salad Ozark Corn Salad Beaked Corn Salad Eel Grass False Hellebore Moth Mullein White Mullein Clasping Mullein Common Mullein Garden Vervain Creeping Vervain Brazilian Vervain * * * hws Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 106 SCIENTIFIC NAME Verbena hastata Verbena simplex Verbena stricta Verbena urticifolia Verbesina alternifolia VERBESINA ENCELIOIDES Verbesina helianthoides Verbesina virginica Vernonia arkansana Vernonia baldwinii* Vernonia fasciculata Vernonia gigantea Vernonia missurica Veronica americana VERONICA ANAGALLIS-AQUATICA VERONICA ARVENSIS VERONICA BECCABUNGA Veronica catenata VERONICA CHAMAEDRYS VERONICA HEDERIFOLIA VERONICA LONGIFOLIA Veronica peregrina VERONICA PERSICA VERONICA POLITA VERONICA SCHEEREI VERONICA SERPYLLIFOLIA VERONICA TEUCRIUM VERONICA TRIPHYLLOS Veronicastrum virgimicum Viburnum bracteatum Viburnum dentatum VIBURNUM LANTANA Viburnum lentago Viburnum molle VIBURNUM OPULUS var. OPULUS Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum rafinesquianum Viburnum recognitum Viburnum rufidulum PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB COMMON NAME Blue Vervain Narrow-Leaved Vervain Hoary Vervain White Vervain Wingstem Golden Crownbeard Yellow Crownbeard White Crownbeard Great Ironweed Western Ironweed Common Ironweed Tall Ironweed Missouri Ironweed American Brooklime Blue Water Speedwell Corn Speedwell Brooklime Water Speedwell Germander Speedwell Ivy-Leaved Speedwell Garden Speedwell Puslane Speedwell Bird's Eye Wayside Speedwell Creeping Speedwell Thyme-Leaved Speedwell Saw-Leaved Speedwell Finger Speedwell Culver's Root Ozark Arrowwood Southern Arrow-Wood Wayfaring Tree Nannyberry Arrow-Wood European Highbush Cranberry Black Haw Downy Arrow-Wood Smooth Arrow-Wood Southern Black Haw = eN WN AMO x WoW SCIENTIFIC NAME Vicia americana Vicia caroliniana VICIA CRACCA VICIA GRANDIFLORA VICIA HIRSUTA Vicia ludoviciana Vicia minutiflora VICIA SATIVA subsp. NIGRA VICIA VILLOSA subsp. VARTA VICIA VILLOSA subsp. VILLOSA VIGNA UNGUICULATA VINCA MAJOR VINCA MINOR Viola affinis VIOLA ARVENSIS Viola bicolor Viola cucullata Viola lanceolata Viola missouriensis Viola nephrophylla* Viola pallens Viola palmata Viola pedata Viola pedatifida Viola pubescens Viola sagittata Viola sororia Viola striata VIOLA TRICOLOR Viola viarum VITEX NEGUNDO Vitis aestivalis Vitis cinerea VITIS LABRUSCANA Vitis palmata Vitis riparia Vitis rotundifolia Vitis rupestris Vitis vulpina Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 107 PHYSIOG Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad P-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad A-FORB Ad SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad SHRUB Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Ad W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE Nt W-VINE COMMON NAME American Vetch Wood Vetch Cow Vetch Big Flower Vetch Tiny Vetch Deer Pea Vetch Pygmy-Flowered Vetch Common Vetch Woolly-Pod Vetch Hairy Vetch Cowpea Greater Periwinkle Common Periwinkle Sand Violet Field Pansy Johnny Jump Up Hooded Violet Lance-Leaved Violet Missouri Violet Blue Prairie Violet Smooth White Violet Three-Leaved Violet Bird's Foot Violet Prairie Violet Smooth Yellow Violet Arrow-Leaved Violet Hairy Wood Violet Cream Violet Pansy Violet Plains Violet Chinese Chaste Tree Summer Grape Winter Grape Fox Grape Red Grape Riverbank Grape Muscadine Grape Sand Grape Frost Grape Table 1 ACRON VULBRO VULELL VULMYU VULOcG! VULOcO! WISEFRU WISSIN WOLBOR WOLBRA WOLCOL WOLGLA WOOOBT WOOARE XANSPI XANSTR XYRJUP XYRTOR YUCARK YUCGLA YUCSMA ZANPAL ZANAME ZEAMAY ZELCAL ZELTEX ZIGELE ZIGNUT ZIZAQU ZIZPAL ZIZMIL ZIZAPT ZIZAUR SCIENTIFIC NAME VULPIA BROMOIDES Vulpia elliotea VULPIA MYUROS Vulpia octoflora var. glauca Vulpia octoflora var. octoflora Wisteria frutescens WISTERIA SINENSIS Wolffia borealis Wolffia braseliensis Wolffia columbiana Wolffiella gladiata Woodsia obtusa Woodwardia areolata XANTHIUM SPINOSUM Xanthium strumarium Xyris jupicai Xyris torta Yucca arkansana Yucca glauca YUCCA SMALLIANA Zannichellia palustris Zanthoxylum americanum ZEA MAYS ZELTNERA CALYCOSA Zeltnera texensis Zigadenus elegans subsp. glaucus Zigadenus nuttallii ZIZANIA AQUATICA Zizania palustris var. interior Zizaniopsis miliacea Zizia aptera Zizia aurea Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 108 PHYSIOG Ad A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Ad A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt W-VINE Ad W-VINE Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt FERN Nt FERN Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Nt SHRUB Ad SHRUB Nt P-FORB Nt SHRUB Ad A-GRASS Ad A-FORB Nt A-FORB Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB Ad A-GRASS Nt A-GRASS Nt P-GRASS Nt P-FORB Nt P-FORB COMMON NAME Brome-Like Fescue Squirrel-Tail Fescue Mouse-Tail Fescue Six-Weeks Fescue Six-Weeks Fescue Wisteria Chinese Wisteria Dotted Water Meal Pointed Water Meal Common Water Meal Mud Midget Cliff Fern Netted Chain Fern Spiny Cocklebur Cocklebur Tall Yellow-Eyed Grass Yellow-Eyed Grass Soft Soapweed Soapweed Adam's Needle Horned Pondweed Prickly Ash Corn Arizona Centaury Lady Bird's Centaury White Camas Death Camas Wild Rice Inland Wild Rice Water Millet Heart-Leaved Meadow Parsnip Golden Alexanders Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 1Q9 ECOLOGICAL CHECKLIST OF THE MISSOURI FLORA TABLE 2. Synonymy crosswalk for the Missouri flora with Steyermark (1963), Yatskievych (1999, 2006, 2013), and USDA, NRCS (2014). An exclamation mark in the column indicates congruity with the names used in this list. See also discussion in the synonymy section of text. SCIENTIFIC NAME ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI Acaciella angustissima Acalypha deamti Acalypha gracilens Acalypha monococca Acalypha ostryifolia Acalypha rhomboidea Acalypha virginica ACER GINNALA Acer negundo Acer rubrum var. drummondii Acer rubrum var. rubrum Acer rubrum var. trilobum Acer saccharinum Acer saccharum subsp. floridanum Acer saccharum subsp. nigrum Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum Acer saccharum subsp. schneckii Achillea millefolium ACHILLEA PTARMICA ACHYRANTHES JAPONICA Acmella oppositifolia Acmispon americanus Aconitum uncinatum ACORUS CALAMUS Actaea pachypoda Actaea racemosa Steyermark | Acacia angustissima var. hirta (A. rhomboidea var. deamii) as vars. gracilens & fraseri A. gracilens var. monococca A. "ostyraefolia” ! ! not included ! incl. vars. interius, texanum & violaceum ! ! ! ! as var. floridanum A. nigrum as var. saccharum as f. schneckii ! incl. subsp. lanulosa ! not included Spilanthes americana var. repens Lotus purshianus not included ! I Cimicifuga racemosa Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. texanum ! ! in part A. rubrum var. rubrum in part ! ! not included as var. repens ! ! ! USDA I Acacia angustissima var. A. "ostryifolia" ! ! ! ! incl. var. interius, texanum, violaceum ! ! A. barbatum A. nigrum ! incl. var. schneckti as var. schneckii ! incl. var. occidentalis ! as var. repens L. unifoliolatus ! ! ! Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME ACTINIDIA CHINENSIS var. DELICIOSA Adiantum capillus-veneris Adiantum pedatum ADONIS ANNUA AEGILOPS CYLINDRICA AESCHYNOMENE INDICA AESCHYNOMENE RUDIS Aesculus glabra var. glabra Aesculus glabra var. arguta Aesculus pavia Agalinis aspera Agalinis auriculata Agalinis fasciculata Agalinis gattingeri Agalinis heterophylla Agalinis purpurea Agalinis skinneriana Agalinis tenuifolia Agalinis viridis Agastache nepetoides Agastache scrophulariifolia Ageratina altissima AGERATUM CONYZOIDES Agrimonia gryposepala Agrimonia parviflora Agrimonia pubescens Agrimonia rostellata AGROPYRON CRISTATUM AGROSTEMMA GITHAGO AGROSTIS CAPILLARIS Agrostis elliottiana AGROSTIS GIGANTEA Agrostis hyemalis Agrostis perennans var. aestivalis Agrostis perennans var. perennans Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 110 Steyermark not included I ! A. aestivalis var. citrina ! not included not included I I ! Gerardia aspera Gerardia auriculata Gerardia fasciculata Gerardia gattingeri Gerardia heterophylla Gerardia purpurea Gerardia skinneriana Gerardia tenuifolia incl. vars. macrophylla & parviflora Gerardia viridis ! A. "scrophulariaefolia” Eupatorium rugosum incl. var. tomentellum | I I I ! not included ! A. tenuis ! A. alba var. alba I I Yatskievych USDA not included ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I I t I t I I I I i I I t I ! I I I ! ! ! ! ! ! incl. vars. macrophylla & parviflora ! ! ! ! ! A. perennans in A. perennans in part part A. perennans in A. perennans in part part Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME AGROSTIS STOLONIFERA AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA AIRA CARYOPHYLLEA AIRA ELEGANS AJUGA REPTANS AKEBIA QUINATA ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN ALCEA ROSEA Alisma gramineum Alisma subcordatum Alisma triviale ALLIARIA PETIOLATA Allium burdickii Allium canadense ALLIUM CEPA Allium cernuum Allium mutabile ALLIUM SATIVUM Allium stellatum Allium tricoccum ALLIUM TUBEROSUM ALLIUM VINEALE ALNUS GLUTINOSA Alnus serrulata Alopecurus aequalis Alopecurus carolinianus ALOPECURUS PRATENSIS ALYSSUM ALYSSOIDES ALYSSUM DESERTORUM Amaranthus albus AMARANTHUS ARENICOLA AMARANTHUS BLITOIDES AMARANTHUS BLITUM var. EMARGINATUS AMARANTHUS CAUDATUS Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 111 Steyermark A. alba var. plaustris ! ! ! not included not included " Albizzia" julibrissin Althaea rosea not included A. plantago-aquatica var. parviflorum A. plantago-aquatica incl. var. americanum not included A. tricoccum in part ! | ! ! in part not included ! not included I I I I ! not included ! incl. var. pubescens A. torreyi A. graecizans not included in part Yatskievych as var. palustris ! ! ! ! ! ! ! as var. canadense ! incl. var. viviparum ! A. canadense vars. lavendulare & mobilense ! ! ! not included ! USDA ! ! as var. canadense ! A. canadense vars. lavendulare & mobilense ! ! ! ! ! incl. subsp. compactum ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS Amaranthus hybridus AMARANTHUS HYPOCHONDRIACUS AMARANTHUS PALMERI AMARANTHUS POWELLII AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR Amaranthus tuberculatus AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS AMBROSIA ACANTHICARPA Ambrosia artemistifolia Ambrosia bidentata Ambrosia psilostachya AMBROSIA TOMENTOSA Ambrosia trifida Amelanchier arborea AMELANCHIER HUMILIS Amianthium muscitoxicum Ammannia coccinea Ammannia robusta AMMI MAJUS AMMOSELINUM BUTLERI Amorpha canescens Amorpha fruticosa Amorpha nitens Ampelopsis arborea AMPELOCPSIS BREVIPEDUNCULATA Ampelopsis cordata eal laid 1 Amphicarpaea bracteata AMSINCKIA LY COPSOIDES Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 112 Steyermark A. caudatus in part in part A. hybridus in part I I I ! not included ! incl. A. tamarascinus not included Franseria acanthicarpa as var. elatior ! A. coronopifolia Franseria discolor ! incl. var. texana I ! A. "muscaetoxicum” ! A. auriculata I oO I ! incl. vars. oblongifolia & tennesseensis not included ! not included Gutierrezia dracunculoides "Amphicarpa" bracteata, incl. var. comosa var. bracteata I Yatskievych ! ! ! USDA ! as var. elatior ! ! ! ! incl. var. texana ! incl. var. comosa Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME AMSINCKIA MENZIESII AMSINCKIA TESSELLATA Amsonia ciliata var. filifolia Amsonia illustris Amsonia tabernaemontana var. salicifolia Amsonia tabernaemontana var. tabernaemontana ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS Anagallis minima ANAPHALIS MARGARITACEA ANCHUSA AZUREA ANCHUSA OFFICINALIS Andrachne phyllanthoides Andropogon gerardii Andropogon gyrans Andropogon ternarius Andropogon virginicus Androsace occidentalis Anemone acutiloba Anemone americana Anemone canadensis Anemone caroliniana Anemone cylindrica Anemone quinquefolia Anemone virginiana ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS Angelica venenosa ANODA CRISTATA Antennaria neglecta Antennaria parlinii ANTHEMIS ARVENSIS ANTHEMIS COTULA ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM ANTHRISCUS CAUCALIS Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 113 Steyermark A. micrantha & A. retrorsa ! ! ! incl. var. gattingeri Centunculus minimus ! not included not included ! ! incl. var. chrysocomus A. elliottii var. elliottii ! ! ! Hepatica nobilis var. acuta Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa ! ! ! not included ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. campestris A. plantaginifolia incl. vars. ambigens & arnoglossa ! incl. var. agrestis ! ! A. scandicina Yatskievych ! ! incl. subsp. foemina ! ! incl. var. chrysocomus ! ! ! ! ! incl. subsp. fallax ! ! ! USDA A. ciliata var. tenuifolia ! Leptopus phyllanthoides ! | | ! as var. bifolia ! ! ! ! incl. subsp. fallax Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS APERA INTERRUPTA APERA SPICA-VENTI APHANES AUSTRALIS APHANOSTEPHUS SKIRRHOBASIS Apios americana APIUM GRAVEOLENS Aplectrum hyemale Apocynum ~ floribundum Apocynum androsaemifolium Apocynum cannabinum Apocynum sibiricum Aquilegia canadensis Arabidopsis lyrata ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA Arabis hirsuta ARACHIS HYPOGAEA ARALIA ELATA Aralia nudicaulis Aralia racemosa Aralia spinosa ARCTIUM MINUS ARENARIA SERPYLLIFOLIA ARGEMONE ALBIFLORA ARGEMONE MEXICANA Argyrochosma dealbata Arisaema dracontium Arisaema triphyllum Aristida adscensionis Aristida basiramea Aristida desmantha Aristida dichotoma var. curtissii Aristida dichotoma var. dichotoma Aristida lanosa Aristida longespica var. geniculata Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 114 Steyermark ! Agrostis interrupta Agrostis spica-venti not included not included ! incl. var. turrigera ! ! A. medium ! ! incl. var. pubescens ! incl. var. cordigerum ! Arabis lyrata ! as vars. adpressipilis & pycnocarpa ! not included | ! ! ! incl. A. tomentosum ! incl. var. tenuior ! incl. subsp. texana | Notholaena dealbata ! A. atrorubens ! ! not included ! ! I ! incl. A. intermedia Yatskievych USDA I I i I ! ! ! A. microcarpa I I ! ! ! as var. dulce I I ! I ! ! ! in part ! in part A. cannabinum in A. cannabinum in part part ! ! ! Arabis lyrata ! ! as vars. as var. pycnocarpa adpressipilis & pycnocarpa ! not included ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! incl. var.tenuior ! ! incl. subsp. ! incl. subsp. texana texana ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Aristida longespica var. longespica Aristida oligantha Aristida purpurascens Aristida ramosissima Aristolochia serpentaria var. hastata Aristolochia serpentaria var. serpentaria Aristolochia tomentosa ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Amoglossum atriplicifolium ] 1 FE Amoglossum reniforme Aronia melanocarpa ARRHENATHERUM ELATIUS ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM ARTEMISIA ANNUA ARTEMISIA BIENNIS Artemisia campestris subsp. caudata ARTEMISIA CARRUTHII Artemisia dracunculus ARTEMISIA FRIGIDA Artemisia ludoviciana var. ludoviciana Artemisia ludoviciana var. mexicana ARTEMISIA STELLARIANA ARTEMISIA VULGARIS ARTHRAXON HISPIDUS ARUM ITALICUM Aruncus dioicus var. pubescens Arundinaria gigantea ARUNDO DONAX Asarum canadense Asclepias amplexicaulis Asclepias exaltata Asclepias hirtella Asclepias incarnata Asclepias meadii Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 115 Steyermark ! ! ! I ! Cacalia atriplicifolia Cacalia tuberosa Cacalia muhlenbergii Pyrus melanocarpa ! ! ! ! A. caudata I A. glauca incl. var. dracunculina ! ! incl. var. gnaphalodes ! not included ! incl. vars. glabra & atiloba I not included ! ! ! ! ! not included ! ! ! Yatskievych ! ! ! ! A. serpentaria in part A. serpentaria in part ! USDA I A. serpentaria in part A. serpentaria in part ! ! ! ! ! Photinia melanocarpa ! ! ! ! as subsp. ludoviciana as subsp. mexicana ! ! Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 116 SCIEN TIFIC NAME Steyermark Yatskievych USDA Asclepias perennis ! ! ! Asclepias purpurascens ! ! ! Asclepias quadrifolia ! ! ! ASCLEPIAS SPECIOSA id) ! ! Asclepias stenophylla ! ! ! ASCLEPIAS SUBVERTICILLATA not included ! ! Asclepias sullivantii ! ! ! Asclepias syriaca as var. kansana ! ! Asclepias tuberosa subsp. interior as var. interior ! ! Asclepias variegata ! ! ! Asclepias verticillata ! ! ! Asclepias viridiflora ! incl. vars. lanceolata ! ! & linearis Asclepias viridis ! ! ! Asimina triloba ! ! ! ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS ! ! ! ASPARAGUS SPRENGERI not included not included A. densiflorus Asplenium ebenoides ! ! ! Asplenium * gravesii ! ! ! Asplenium bradleyi ! ! ! Asplenium montanum not included ! ! Asplenium pinnatifidum ! ! ! Asplenium platyneuron ! ! ! Asplenium resiliens ! ! ! Asplenium rhizophyllum Camptosorus ! ! rhizophyllus Asplenium ruta-muraria as var. cryptolepis ! as var. cryptolepis Asplenium trichomanes ! ! ! ASTER TATARICUS not included ! ! Astragalus canadensis ! ! ! Astragalus crassicarpus var. A. caryocarpus ! ! crassicarpus Astragalus crassicarpus var. A. mexicanus var. ! ! i trichocalyx trichocalyx ! Astragalus distortus ! ! Astragalus lotiflorus ! ! ! Astranthium ciliatum A. integrifolium ! A. integrifolium subsp. ciliatum Athyrium filix-femina as vars. asplenioides & as subspp. as subsp. angustum michauxii angustum & & asplenioides asplenioides Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME ATOCION ARMERIA ATRIPLEX ARGENTEA ATRIPLEX HORTENSIS ATRIPLEX MICRANTHA ATRIPLEX PATULA ATRIPLEX PROSTRATA ATRIPLEX ROSEA ATRIPLEX TRUNCATA ATRIPLEX WRIGHTII AUBRIETA DELTOIDEA Aureolaria flava var. calycosa Aureolaria flava var. flava Aureolaria grandiflora var. pulchra Aureolaria grandiflora var. serrata Aureolaria pectinata AVENA FATUA var. FATUA AVENA FATUA var. SATIVA AXYRIS AMARANTHOIDES Azolla caroliniana Azolla mexicana BACCHARIS WRIGHTII Bacopa rotundifolia Baptisia alba var. macrophylla Baptisia australis var. minor Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea BAPTISIA SPHAEROCARPA BARBAREA VERNA BARBAREA VULGARIS Bartonia paniculata Bartonia virginica BELAMCANDA CHINENSIS Berberis canadensis BERBERIS THUNBERGII BERBERIS VULGARIS Berchemia scandens Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 117 Steyermark not included (misidentifications) ! not included A. patula var. patula A. patula var. prostrata ! A. argentea not included not included Gerardia flava var. calycosa Gerardia flava var. ava Gerardia grandiflora var. pulchra Gerardia grandiflora var. cinerea Gerardia pedicularia var. pectinata A. fatua A. sativa ! not included ! not included ! B. leucantha ! B. leucophaea incl. var. glabrescens t not included ! incl. var. arcuata ! not included I I I Yatskievych ! A. flava in part A. flava in part ! ! not included ! ! ! USDA Silene armeria ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! A. flava var. flava in part ! in part, incl. var. macrantha ! as var. cinerea ! A. fatua A. sativa ! ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Bergia texana Berlandiera texana BERTEROA INCANA Berula erecta BETA VULGARIS Betula nigra BIDENS ALBA var. RADIATA Bidens aristosa Bidens beckii BIDENS BIPINNATA Bidens cernua Bidens comosa Bidens connata Bidens discoidea Bidens frondosa Bidens laevis Bidens polylepis BIDENS TRICHOSPERMA Bidens vulgata Bignonia capreolata Blephilia ciliata Blephilia hirsuta Boechera canadensis Boechera laevigata Boechera missouriensis Boechera shortii Boehmeria cylindrica BOERHAAVIA ERECTA Bolboschoenus fluviatilis Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus Boltonia asteroides Boltonia decurrens Boltonia diffusa Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 118 Steyermark ! ! ! not included not included ! not included ! incl. vars. fritcheyi & mutica ! ! ! incl. vars. elliptica & integra ! as var. petiolata ! ! ! ! incl. var. retrorta not included ! | ! ! Arabis canadensis Arabis laevigata Arabis missouriensis incl. var. deamii Arabis shortii incl. var. phalacrocarpa ! incl. var. drummondiana ! Scirpus fluviatilis Scirpus paludosus as vars. latisquama, microcephala & recognita B. asteroides var. decurrens as var. interior Yatskievych ! ! ! as var. incisum ! ! | ! in part B. tripartita in part B. tripartita in part ! ! ! B. aristosa in part ! ! ! ! as vars. latisquama & recognita ! USDA ! B. betonicifolia ! ! B. tripartita I I I | B. aristosa in part incl. in B. coronata I I I ! Arabis canadensis Arabis laevigata abis missouriensis Arabis shortii "Boerhavia" erecta Schoenoplectus fluviatilis Schoenoplectus maritimus as vars. latisquama & recognita ! incl. var. interior Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME BOTHRIOCHLOA BLADHII BOTHRIOCHLOA ISCHAEMUM Bothriochloa laguroides subsp. torreyana Botrychium biternatum Botrychium dissectum Botrychium virginianum Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua gracilis Bouteloua hirsuta BRACHIARIA ERUCIFORMIS Brachyelytrum erectum Bradburia pilosa Brasenia schreberi BRASSICA JUNCEA BRASSICA NAPUS BRASSICA NIGRA BRASSICA RAPA Brickellia eupatorioides var. eupatorioides Brickellia eupatorioides var. texana Brickellia grandiflora BROMUS COMMUTATUS BROMUS DIANDRUS BROMUS HORDACEUS BROMUS INERMIS BROMUS JAPONICUS Bromus latiglumis Bromus nottowayanus Bromus pubescens BROMUS RACEMOSUS BROMUS SECALINUS BROMUS SQUARROSUS BROMUS STERILIS BROMUS TECTORUM BROMUS WILLDENOWII BROUSSONETIA PAPYRIFERA Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 119 Steyermark not included not included Andropogon saccharoides B. dissectum var. tenuifolium ! incl. var. obliqum ! ! ! ! B. "erucaeformis" ! Chrysopsis pilosa ! ! incl. var. crispifolia as var. napobrassica ! I Kuhnia eupatorioides 1 Yatskievych I not included ! ! incl. var. incl. var. corymbulosa Kuhnia eupatorioides var. angustifolia ! not included B. rigidus B. mollis ! ! ! not included B. purgans ! ! ! ! ! B. catharticus ! bal corymbulosa ! incl. subsp. USDA | incl. var. songarica ! ! ! Chrysopsis pilosa ! | | ! | ! incl. var. corymbulosa ! ! incl. in B. racemosus as subsp. rigidus ! incl. subsp. B. arvensis ! B. catharticus ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME BRUNNERA MACROPHYLLA Brunnichia ovata Buchloe dactyloides Buchnera americana BUDDLEJA DAVIDII BUGLOSSOIDES ARVENSE Bulbostylis capillaris BUPLEURUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM Cabomba caroliniana Calamagrostis canadensis Calamagrostis porteri subsp. insperata Calamagrostis stricta subsp. inexpansa CALAMOVILFA LONGIFOLIA Callicarpa americana CALLICARPA DICHOTOMA Callirhoe alcaeoides Callirhoe bushii Callirhoe digitata Callirhoe involucrata Callirhoe triangulata Callitriche heterophylla Callitriche palustris Callitriche terrestris Calopogon oklahomensis Calopogon tuberosus Caltha palustris CALYCANTHUS FLORIDUS Calycocarpum lyonii Calylophus serrulatus Calystegia macounii CALYSTEGIA PUBESCENS Calystegia sepium Calystegia silvatica subsp. fraterniflora Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 120 Steyermark not included B. cirrhosa ! ! not included Lithospermum arvense ! incl. vars. crebra & isopoda ! ! incl. var. macouniana C. insperata C. inexpansa var. brevior ! I not included ! C. papaver incl. var. bushii I I I ! not included ! C. pulchellus in part C. pulchellus in part not included not included C. "lyoni" Oenothera serrulata Convolvulus spithamaeus in part Convolvulus pellitus Convolvulus sepium var. sepium Convolvulus sepium var. fraterniflorus Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! Oenothera serrulata ! USDA Bouteloua dactyloides ! ! B. "arvensis" ! ! incl. var. macouniana ! ! as var. glaucus ! ! C. hederacea as subspp. americana & angulata ! Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 121] SCIEN TIFIC NAME Steyermark Yatskievych USDA Calystegia spithamaea Convolvulus ! ! spithamaeus in part Camassia angusta ! ! ! Camassia scilloides ! ! ! CAMELINA MICROCARPA ! ! ! CAMELINA SATIVA ! ! ! Campanula americana ! ! Campanulastrum americanum Campanula aparinoides ! ! ! CAMPANULA RAPUNCULOIDES ! ! ! Campanula rotundifolia ! ! ! Campsis radicans ! ! ! CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS ! ! ! CANNABIS SATIVA ! ! ! CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS ! ! ! CAPSICUM ANNUUM not included ! ! Cardamine bulbosa ! ! ! Cardamine concatenata Dentaria laciniata ! ! Cardamine diphylla not included ! ! Cardamine douglasii ! ! ! CARDAMINE FLEXUOSA not included ! ! CARDAMINE HIRSUTA ! ! ! Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola ! ! ! Cardamine pensylvanica ! ! ! CARDIOSPERMUM ! ! ! HALICACABUM CARDUUS CRISPUS ! ! ! CARDUUS NUTANS ! ! ! Carex x deamii ! ! ! Carex x subimpressa ! ! ! Carex abscondita not included ! ! Carex aggregata ! ! ! Carex alata ! ! ! Carex albicans var. albicans C. artitecta ! ! Carex albicans var. australis C. physorhyncha ! ! Carex albolutescens ! ! ! Carex albursina ! ! ! Carex amphibola as var. amphibola ! ! Carex annectens var. annectens ! ! incl. inC. annectens Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Carex annectens var. xanthocarpa Carex aquatilis Carex arkansana Carex atherodes Carex atlantica Carex aureolensis Carex austrina Carex bicknellii Carex blanda Carex brevior Carex bromoides Carex bushii Carex buxbaumii Carex careyana Carex caroliniana Carex cephalophora Carex cherokeensis Carex communis Carex comosa Carex complanata Carex conjuncta Carex conoidea Carex corrugata Carex crawei CAREX CRAWFORDII Carex crinita Carex cristatella Carex crus-corvi Carex cumberlandensis Carex davisii Carex debilis Carex decomposita Carex digitalis CAREX DOUGLASII Carex eburnea Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 122 Steyermark ! as var. altior | ! not included not included C. muehlenbergii var. australis in part ! ! not included ! ! ! ! C. cephalophora var. cephalophora ! ! ! as var. complanata ! I C. amphibola var. globosa ! not included ! incl. var. brevicrinis ! ! not included I ! incl. var. rudgei I ! incl. var. macropoda ! ! Yatskievych ! as var. substricta ! ! ! not included ! as var. bicknellii ! ! ! ! | ! ! not included | | ! USDA incl. inC. annectens ! ! ! ! incl. var. brevicrinis ! | ! ! | | ! incl. var. macropoda ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME CAREX ELEOCHARIS Carex emoryi Carex festucacea Carex fissa Carex flaccosperma Carex frankii Carex gigantea Carex glaucodea Carex gracilescens Carex gracillima Carex granularis Carex gravida Carex grayii Carex grisea Carex haydenii Carex hirsutella Carex hirtifolia Carex hitchcockiana Carex hyalinolepis Carex hystericina Carex inops subsp. heliophila Carex interior Carex intumescens Carex jamesii Carex joorti Carex lacustris Carex laeviconica Carex laevivaginata Carex laxiculmis var. copulata Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis Carex laxiflora Carex leavenworthii Carex leptalea Carex longii Carex louisianica Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 123 Steyermark not included I ! not included as var. flaccosperma ! in part I C. flaccosperma var. glaucodea ! ! ! incl. var. haleana ! incl. var. lunelliana ! incl. var. hispidula C. amphibola var. turgida I C. complanata var. hirsuta ! ! ! C. "hystricina” C. pensylvanica var. digyna ! ! ! ! ! ! | C. laxiculmis in part C. laxiculmis in part 0) ! ! not included ! Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! ! in part ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. haleana ! ! ! ! ! C. laxiculmis in part C. laxiculmis in part ! USDA C. duriuscula ! in part incl. var. haleana Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 124 SCIEN TIFIC NAME Steyermark Yatskievych USDA Carex lupuliformis ! ! ! Carex lupulina ! ! ! Carex lurida ! ! ! Carex meadii ! ! ! Carex mesochorea C. cephalophora var. ! ! mesochorea Carex microdonta ! ! ! Carex missouriensis not included not included ! Carex molesta in part ! ! Carex molestiformis C. molesta in part ! ! Carex muehlenbergii var. enervis as C. “muhlenbergii” ! ! var. enervis Carex muehlenbergii var. as C. “muhlenbergii” ! ! muehlenbergii var. “muhlenbergii” Carex muskingumensis ! ! ! CAREX NEBRASCENSIS C. "nebraskensis" ! ! Carex nigromarginata var. floridana id) ! C. floridana Carex nigromarginata var. ! ! C. nigromarginata nigromarginata Carex normalis ! ! ! Carex oklahomensis ! ! ! Carex oligocarpa ! ! ! Carex opaca C. bicknellii in part C. bicknellii var. ! opaca Carex oxylepis ! ! ! Carex pellita C. lanuginosa ! ! Carex pensylvanica as var. pensylvanica ! ! Carex planispicata C. amphibola var. ! ! rigida CAREX PRAEGRACILIS ! ! ! Carex prasina not included ! ! Carex radiata C. rosea ! ! Carex reniformis not included ! ! Carex retroflexa C. retroflexa var. ! ! retroflexa Carex reznicekii not included not included not included Carex rosea C. convoluta ! ! Carex sartwellii ! ! ! Carex scabrata ! ! ! Carex schweinitzii ! ! ! Carex scoparia ! ! ! Carex shortiana ! ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Carex socialis Carex sparganioides Carex sprengelii Carex squarrosa Carex sterilis Carex stipata Carex straminea Carex stricta Carex suberecta Carex swanii Carex sychnocephala Carex tenera Carex tetanica Carex texensis Carex timida Carex tonsa var. rugosperma Carex tonsa var. tonsa Carex torta Carex triangularis Carex tribuloides var. sangam onensis Carex tribuloides var. tribuloides Carex trichocarpa Carex typhina Carex umbellata Carex vesicaria var. monile Carex virescens Carex vulpinoidea Carex willdenowii Carex woodii Carpinus caroliniana CARUM CARVI Carya aquatica Carya cordiformis Carya glabra Carya illinoinensis Carya laciniosa Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 125 Steyermark not included ! not included ! not included ! incl. var. maxima ! as var. strictior I | not included I I C. retroflexa var. texensis not included not included ! ! ! ! in part ! in part, incl. C. projecta ! ! ! incl. C. abdita ! ! ! not included misapplied ! incl. var. virginiana ! ! ! ! C. "illinoensis"” ! Yatskievych ! ! ! ! as var. echinoides ! ! not included 0) ! ! ! ! in part ! in part ! ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. virginiana ! ! ! ! in part ! ! USDA incl. var. maxima incl. var. rugosperma C. vesicaria incl. subsp. virginiana Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Carya ovalis Carya ovata Carya pallida Carya texana Carya tomentosa CASTANEA DENTATA CASTANEA MOLLISSIMA Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis Castanea pumila var. pumila Castilleja coccinea Castilleja purpurea Castilleja sessiliflora CATALPA BIGNONIOIDES CATALPA OVATA Catalpa speciosa Caulophyllum thalictroides Cayaponia quinqueloba Ceanothus americanus Ceanothus herbaceus CELASTRUS ORBICULATUS Celastrus scandens CELOSIA ARGENTEA Celtis laevigata Celtis occidentalis Celtis pumila CENCHRUS CILIARIS Cenchrus longispinus Cenchrus spinifex Centaurea americana CENTAUREA CYANUS CENTAUREA DIFFUSA CENTAUREA DILUTA CENTAUREA MELITENSIS CENTAUREA NIGRA Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 126 Steyermark ! incl. vars. obcordata, obovalis & odorata ! not included ! incl. var. villosa ! incl. var. subcoriacea ! not included C. ozarkensis not included ! ! | ! ! ! ! C. grandiflora as vars. intermedius & pitcheri C. ovatus incl. var. pubescens not included ! as var. cristata ! incl. var. texana ! incl. vars. canina & pumila C. tenuifolia incl. var. georgiana; C. laevigata var. smallii Pennisetum ciliare ! in part C. longispinus in part ! ! ! not included ! ! Yatskievych C. glabra in part ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. cristata ! ! ! in part C. longispinus in part ! USDA ! ! ! ! incl. var. texana ! C. tenuifolia, incl. var. georgiana Pennisetum ciliare ! ! Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 127 SCIEN TIFIC NAME Steyermark Yatskievych USDA CENTAUREA NIGRESCENS C. vouchinensis ! ! CENTAUREA REPENS ! ! Acroptilon repens CENTAUREA SOLSTITIALIS ! ! ! CENTAUREA STOEBE subsp. C. maculosa ! ! MICRANTHOS Centrosema virginianum not included ! ! Cephalanthus occidentalis ! incl. var. pubescens ! ! Cerastium arvense subsp. strictum C. arvense var. ! ! villosum in part CERASTIUM BRACHYPETALUM ! ! ! Cerastium brachypodum ! ! ! CERASTIUM DIFFUSUM C. tetrandrum ! ! CERASTIUM DUBIUM not included (0) ! CERASTIUM FONT ANUM subsp. C. vulgatum ! ! VULGARE CERASTIUM GLOMERATUM C. viscosum ! ! Cerastium nutans ! ! ! CERASTIUM PUMILUM ! ! ! CERASTIUM SEMIDECANDRUM ! ! ! Cerastium velutinum C. arvense var. ! C. arvense subsp. villosum in part velutinum CERATOCEPHALUS not included ! "Ceratrocephala TESTICULATUS testiculata" Ceratophyllum demersum ! ! ! Ceratophyllum echinatum ! ! ! CERATOSTIGMA not included ! ! PLUMBAGINOIDES Cercis canadensis ! ! ! CHAENOMELES SPECIOSA not included ! ! CHAENORRHINUM MINUS ! ! "Chaenorhinum" minus Ct hyllum f t ! incl. var. shortii ! incl. var. shortii Chaerophyllum tainturieri ! incl. var. floridanum ! incl. var. & C. texanum dasycarpum Chaetopappa asteroides ! ! ! Chamaecrista fasciculata Cassia fasciculata incl. | ! vars, depressa & robusta Chamaecrista nictitans Cassia nictitans ! ! Chasmanthium latifolium Uniola latifolia ! ! Chasmanthium laxum Uniola laxa as subsp. laxum ! Chasmanthium sessilifolium not included C. laxum subsp. ! sessilifolium Cheilanthes alabamensis ! ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Cheilanthes feei Cheilanthes lanosa Cheilanthes tomentosa CHELIDONIUM MAJUS Chelone glabra Chelone obliqua CHENOPODIUM ALBUM CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES Chenopodium berlandieri CHENOPODIUM BOTRYS Chenopodium bushianum CHENOPODIUM CAPITATUM CHENOPODIUM DESICCATUM CHENOPODIUM FICIFOLIUM CHENOPODIUM GLAUCUM CHENOPODIUM INCANUM Chenopodium missouriense CHENOPODIUM MURALE CHENOPODIUM OPULIFOLIUM Chenopodium pallescens Chenopodium pratericola CHENOPODIUM PUMILIO CHENOPODIUM RUBRUM Chenopodium simplex ql 1 1 Chenopodium strictum var. glaucophyllum CHENOPODIUM URBICUM CHENOPODIUM WATSONII Chionanthus virginicus Chloris verticillata CHLORIS VIRGATA CHORISPORA TENELLA CICHORIUM INT YBUS Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 128 Steyermark ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. linifolia as var. speciosa ! incl. var. lanceolatum ! incl. var. anthelm inticum as vars. boscianum & zschackei ! ! ! as var. dessicatum not included ! incl. var. salinum I I ! not included I C. dessicatum var. leptophylloides ! ! C. gigantospermum ! ! ! not included C. "virginica" ! ! ! Yatskievych incl. var. anthelminticum incl. vars. boscianum & zschackii incl. var. salinum USDA ! ! as var. speciosa in part, incl. var. microphyllum ! in part, incl. vars. boscianum & zschackii I C. berlandieri var. bushianum ! C. album var. missouriense ! ! ! C. album var. striatum ! Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Cicuta maculata Cinna arundinacea Circaea canadensis Cirsium altissimum CIRSIUM ARVENSE CIRSIUM CANESCENS Cirsium carolinianum Cirsium discolor Cirsium muticum CIRSIUM TEXANUM Cirsium undulatum CIRSIUM VULGARE Cissus trifoliata CITRULLUS LANATUS CITRUS TRIFOLIATA CLADIUM MARISCUS subsp. JAMAICENSE Cladrastis kentukea CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA Claytonia virginica Clematis catesbyana Clematis crispa Clematis fremontii Clematis pitcheri CLEMATIS TERNIFLORA Clematis versicolor Clematis viorna Clematis virginiana CLEOME HASSLERIANA Cleome serrulata CLINOPODIUM ACINOS Clinopodium arkansanum Clitoria mariana Cocculus carolinus Coeloglossum viride Coelorachis cylindrica Collinsia verna Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 129 Steyermark ! ! incl. var. inexpansa C. quadrisulcata var. canadensis ! I not included I I ! not included as var. megacephalum ! C. incisa C. vulgaris not included not included C. lutea not included ! not included ! as var. riehlii ! C. dioscoreifolia I I ! C. houtteana ! Satureja acinos Satureja arkansana I I not included Manisuris cylindrica ! Yatskievych ! incl. var. bolanderi ! not included ! ! as var. virescens ! ! USDA ! incl. var. bolanderi ! Circaea lutetiana subsp. canadensis ! | ! ! ! ! ! as var. undulatum ! ! ! Poncirus trifoliata ! ! ! Acinos arvensis ! ! ! Dactylorhiza viridis ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Collinsia violacea Collinsonia canadensis COLLOMIA LINEARIS Comandra umbellata COMMELINA CAROLINIANA COMMELINA COMMUNIS COMMELINA DIFFUSA Commelina erecta Commelina virginica CONIUM MACULATUM Conoclinium coelestinum CONRINGIA ORIENTALIS CONVALLARIA MAJALIS CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS Conyza canadensis var. canadensis Conyza canadensis var. pusilla Conyza ramosissima Corallorhiza odontorhiza Corallorhiza wisteriana Coreopsis grandiflora Coreopsis lanceolata Coreopsis palmata Coreopsis pubescens Coreopsis tinctoria Coreopsis tripteris CORIANDRUM SATIVUM Corispermum americanum Corispermum pallassii Corispermum villosum Cornus alternifolia Cornus amomum subsp. obliqua Cornus drummondii Cornus florida Cornus foemina subsp. foemina Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 130 Steyermark ! ! ! C. richardsiana ! ! ! ! incl. vars. angustifolia & deamiana ! ! Eupatorium coelestinum ! not included ! Erigeron canadensis Erigeron pusillus Erigeron divaricatus ! ! incl. C. trifida var. verna ! incl. var. harveyana ! incl. var. villosa ! ! t incl. C. cardaminefolia ! incl. var. deamii ! C. nitidum C. hyssopifolium C. orientale var. emarginatum ! C. obliqua C. "drummondi" I C. foemina Yatskievych ! ! ! USDA ! ! ! incl. vars. angustifolia & deamiana ! ! incl. var. harveyana ! ! C. obliqua ! I C. foemina Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Cornus foemina subsp. racemosa Corydalis aurea subsp. aurea Corydalis aurea subsp. occidentalis Corydalis crystallina Corydalis flavula Corydalis micrantha subsp. australis Corydalis micrantha subsp. micrantha Corylus americana COSMOS BIPINNATUS COSMOS PARVIFLORUS COSMOS SULPHUREUS COTA TINCTORIA Cotinus obovatus COTONEASTER ACUTIFOLIUS Crataegus berberifolia Crataegus biltmoreana Crataegus calpodendron Crataegus coccinioides Crataegus collina Crataegus crus-galli Crataegus fecunda Crataegus gattingeri Crataegus lanuginosa Crataegus macracantha Crataegus margarettae Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 13] Steyermark C. racemosa C. aurea C. montana I ! C. halei C. micrantha ! incl. var. indehiscens ! not included ! Anthemis tinctoria ! not included C. englemanni ! incl. C. biltmoreana ! incl. vars. globosa, hispidula, microcarpa, & mollicula ! incl. C. locuples ! incl. vars. collicola, secta, sordida & succincta; C. hirtiflora, C. letterman ! incl. vars. barrettiana, bellica, exigua, leptophylla, macra, pachyphylla, & pyracanthifolia; C. acutifolia, C. hannibalensis, C. palmeri, C. pyracanthoides var. arborea, C. regalis incl. var. paradoxa, C. tantula, C. vallicola I I I C. succulenta var. pertomentosa ! incl. var. brownei Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! ! as var. lucidus ! ! incl. vars. hirsutiflora, lettermanii, sordida, succincta; C. spes-aestatum ! incl. vars. capillata & pyracanthifolia USDA C. racemosa C. aurea C. curvisiliqua subsp. occidentalis I ! Anthemis tinctoria ! ! !inel. C. engelmannii C. intricata in part ! C. punctata in part ! in part, incl. C. arborea, C. reverchonii C. crus-galli in part C. pruinosa in part ! C. succulenta in part C. "margarettiae” Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Crataegus marshallii Crataegus mollis Crataegus neobushii Crataegus padifolia Crataegus phaenopyrum Crataegus pruinosa Crataegus reverchonii Crataegus rubella Crataegus schuettei Crataegus sicca Crataegus spathulata Crataegus succulenta Crataegus texana Crataegus uniflora Crataegus viridis CREPIS CAPILLARIS CREPIS PULCHRA CREPIS SETOSA CREPIS TECTORUM Crotalaria sagittalis Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 132 Steyermark I ! incl. C. lanuginosa, C. noelensis ! incl. var. incarnata ! incl. var. brachypoda; C. disyuncta, C. gattingeri, C. platycarpa, C. pruinosa incl. vars. aspera & bracteata, C. rugosa as var. discolor not included not included ! incl. var. glabrifolia ! incl. var. neofluvialis C. mollis in part ! ! incl. vars. lanceolata, lutescens, & ovata; C. nitida ! ! ! Yatskievych ! ! incl. vars. dumetosa, incisifolia, mollis; CG transmissippiensis | ! incl. var. incarnata ! ! incl. vars. cognata, dissona, magnifolia, rugosa, & virella ! incl. var. palmeri ! ! ! incl. var. glabrifolia ! ! ! ! incl. vars. glabriuscula, lanceolata, nitens, ovata; C. nitida ! USDA I ! incl. C. dispessa, C. lanuginosa C. intricata in part C. intricata in part ! in part, incl. C. dissona C. intricata var. rubella | C. chrysocarpa ! ! in part ! I ! incl. C. nitida & C. ovata CROTALARIA SPECT ABILIS ! ! ! Croton capitatus var. capitatus ! ! ! Croton capitatus var. lindheimeri ! ! ! Croton glandulosus var. septentrionalis ! ! ! CROTON LINDHEIMERIANUS Croton michauxii not included ! ! Crotonopsis linearis ! ! Croton monanthogynus ! ! ! CROTON TEXENSIS ! ! ! Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Croton wildenowii CRYPSIS SCHOENOIDES Cryptotaenia canadensis Cubelium concolor CUCUMIS MELO CUCUMIS SATIVUS CUCURBITA FOETIDISSIMA CUCURBITA PEPO var. OVIFERA Cucurbita pepo var. ozarkana Cunila origanoides Cuphea viscosissima Cuscuta campestris Cuscuta cephalanthi Cuscuta compacta Cuscuta coryli Cuscuta cuspidata Cuscuta glomerata Cuscuta gronovii Cuscuta indecora Cuscuta obtusiflora var. glandulosa Cuscuta pentagona Cuscuta polygonorum Cyclachaena xanthifolia Cycloloma atriplicifolium CYLINDROPUNTIA IMBRICATA CYMBALARIA MURALIS Cynanchum laeve CYNANCHUM LOUISEAE CYNODON DACT YLON CYNOGLOSSUM CRETICUM CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE Cynoglossum virginianum Cynosciadium digitatum CYNOSURUS ECHINATUS Cyperus acuminatus Cyperus bipartitus Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 133 Steyermark Crotonopsis elliptica Heleochloa schoenoides ! Hybanthus concolor ! not included ! ! in part C. pepo var. ovifera in part ! C. petiolata ! I ! as var. neuropetala not included I ! Iva xanthifolia ! not included I ! not included ! not included I I I I I C. rivularis Yatskievych ! | | not included ! | not included ! ! ! USDA Croton michauxii var. elliptica ! I Hybanthus concolor ! incl. in C. pentagona ! ! ! ! ! ! as var. neuropetala ! in part ! ! ! ! ! not included ! ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Cyperus compressus Cyperus croceus Cyperus diandrus CYPERUS DIFFORMIS Cyperus echinatus Cyperus erythrorhizos Cyperus esculentus Cyperus flavescens var. poiformis CYPERUS FLAVICOMIS CYPERUS FUSCUS Cyperus grayoides Cyperus hystricinus CYPERUS IRIA Cyperus lancastriensis Cyperus lupulinus subsp. lupulinus Cyperus lupulinus subsp. macilentus Cyperus odoratus Cyperus plukenettii Cyperus polystachyos var. texensis Cyperus pseudovegetus Cyperus refractus Cyperus retroflexus Cyperus retrofractus CYPERUS RETRORSUS CYPERUS ROTUNDUS Cyperus schweinitzii Cyperus setigerus Cyperus squarrosus Cyperus strigosus Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens Cypripedium candidum Cypripedium reginae Cystopteris bulbifera Cystopteris protrusa Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 134 Steyermark Yatskievych ! ! C. globulosus ! ! ! not included not included C. ovularis incl. var. sphaericus ! ! ! ! as var. "poaeformis" not included ! not included ! not included ! not included ! I I ! ! C. filiculmis ! C. filiculmis var. ! macilentus tinel. C. ! ferruginescens I I ! ! C. virens ! ! ! not included ! C. dipsaciformis ! (! as var. deeringianus) not included I I t i ! ! C. aristatus ! ! incl. var. robustior ! I I C. fragilis var. protrusa USDA as var. leptostachys incl. inC. flavescens t ! ! C. parviflorum var. parviflorum C. parviflorum var. pubescens i Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 135 Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Steyermark Yatskievych USDA Cystopteris tennesseensis C. fragilis var. fragilis | ! Cystopteris tenuis C. fragilis var. ! ! mackayii DACTYLIS GLOMERATA ! ! ! Dalea candida Petalostemon ! ! candidum Dalea enneandra ! ! ! Dalea gattingeri not included ! ! Dalea leporina D. apolecuroides ! ! Dalea multiflora Petalostemon ! ! multiflorum Dalea purpurea Petalostemon ! ! purpureum DALEA VILLOSA not included ! ! Danthonia spicata ! incl. var. longipila ! ! Dasistoma macrophyllum Seymeria macrophylla! D. "macrophylla" DATURA INOXIA D. "innoxia" ! ! DATURA STRAMONIUM ! incl. var. tatula ! ! DATURA WRIGHTII not included ! ! DAUCUS CAROTA ! ! ! Daucus pusillus ! ! ! Decodon verticillatus ! ! ! DELPHINIUM AJACIS ! ! Consolida ajacis Delphinium carolinianum subsp. D. carolinianum incl. ! ! carolinianum vars. crispum nortonianum Delphinium carolinianum subsp. D. virescens incl. var. ! ! virescens penardi DELPHINIUM CONSOLIDA not included ! Consolida regalis Delphinium exaltatum ! ! ! Delphinium treleasei ! ! ! Delphinium tricorne ! ! ! Dennstaedtia punctilobula ! ! ! Deparia acrostichoides Athyrium ! ! thelypteroides Descurainia pinnata subsp. as var. brachycarpa ! ! brachycarpa Descurainia pinnata subsp. pinnata as var. pinnata ! ! DESCURAINIA SOPHIA ! ! ! Desmanthus illinoensis ! ! ! DESMANTHUS LEPTOLOBUS ! ! ! Desmodium < humifusum Desmodium ! Desmodium humifusum humifusum Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Desmodium canadense Desmodium canescens Desmodium ciliare Desmodium cuspidatum Desmodium glabellum Desmodium illinoense Desmodium laevigatum Desmodium marilandicum Desmodium nuttallii Desmodium obtusum Desmodium ochroleucum Desmodium paniculatum Desmodium perplexum Desmodium rotundifolium Desmodium sessilifolium Desmodium strictum Desmodium viridiflorum DIANTHUS ARMERIA DIANTHUS BARBATUS DIANTHUS DELTOIDES DIANTHUS PLUMARIUS DIAPERIA PROLIFERA Diarrhena americana Diarrhena obovata Dicentra canadensis Dicentra cucullaria Dichanthelium angustifolium Dichanthelium annulum Dichanthelium ashei Dichanthelium bicknellii Dichanthelium boscii Dict halj eT Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 136 Steyermark ! ! ! ! incl. var. longifolium D. paniculatum var. dillemi in part I I I ! D. rigidum ! as var. paniculatum D. paniculatum var. dillemi in part I ! not included I t I ! not included not included as var. americana D. americana var. obovata ! ! not included Panicum annulum Panicum commutatum Var. asne1 Panicum bicknellii & P. calliphyllum Panicum boscii incl. var. molle Panicum clandestinum Yatskievych USDA ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. longifolium ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Evax prolifera ! ! ! ! not included ! in part P. dick D. dict var. ar. dichotomum mattamuskeetense in pa Panicum D. commutatum in commutatum var. part ashei P. boreale in part —_-D. boreale in part Panicum boscii ! Panicum D. clandestinum clandestinum Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Dichanthelium columbianum Dict halj Dict halj commutatum Dict Tal; j Dict halj qe barbulatum Dict hali int dichotomum Dict Tals qi ant yadkinense Dichanthelium implicatum Dichanthelium joorii Dict Tals 1 Dichanthelium latifolium Dichanthelium laxiflorum Dichanthelium leibergii Dichanthelium lindheimeri Dichanthelium linearifolium var. linearifolium Dichanthelium nitidum Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 137 Steyermark (Panicum columbianum ) not included Panicum commutatum var Yatskievych P. portoricense not included Panicum Panicum depauperatum Panicum dichotomum 1 var. barbulatum Panicum dichotomum var. dick var. commutatum Panicum depauperatum Panicum dichotomum var. dichotomum in not included P. lanuginosum var. implicatum not included P. lanuginosum var. fasciculatum & P. subvillosum Panicum latifolrum Panicum laxiflorum Panicum leibergii P. lanuginosum var. lindheimeri & P. longiligulatum Panicum linearifolium var. linearifolium dichotomum in part ! USDA D. sabulorum var. thinium in part D. ovale var. addisonit D. commutatum in part D. dichotomum var. dichotomum in part D. dichotomum var. dichotomum in part D. dichotomum var. dichotomum in part D P. var. var. fe in part in part not included D. commutatum in part P. D. var. var. fe l in part in part Panicum ! latifolium Panicum D. laxiflorum laxiflorum Panicum leibergii var. lindheimeri Panicum linearifolrum in var. lindheimeri D. linearifolium in part part Panicum (Dichanthelium ! longiligul i var. longiligulatum) Panicum Panicum ! i r 1 i Panicum Jick Jick Panicum nitidum var. ramulosum var. dichotomum in part P. dict D. dict var. nitidum var. dichotomum in part Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Dichantheli li hes var. oligosanthes Dichantheli li hes var. scribnerianum Dichanthelium perlongum Dichanthelium polyanthes Dichanthelium praecocius Dichanthelium ravenelii Dichanthelium scoparium Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon Dichanthelium werneri DICHELOSTEMMA CONGESTUM DICHONDRA CAROLINENSIS Dicliptera brachiata DICTAMNUS ALBUS Didiplis diandra DIGITARIA CILIARIS Digitaria cognata Digitaria filiformis DIGITARIA ISCHAEMUM DIGITARIA SANGUINALIS DIGITARIA VIOLASCENS Diodia teres Diodia virginiana DIOSCOREA OPPOSITIFOLIA Dioscorea quaternata Dioscorea villosa Diospyros virginiana Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 138 Steyermark Panicum oligosanthes var. oli t Yatskievych Panicum 1: 1 Panicum oligosanthes vars. helleri & scribnerianum Panicum perlongum Panicum polyanthes Panicum praecocius Panicum ravenelii Panicum scoparium Panicum sphaerocarpon incl. var. inflatum Panicum villosissimum var. villosissimum Panicum linearifolium var. werneri not included not included ! not included Peplis diandra D. sanguinalis var. ciliaris Leptoloma cognatum ! incl. var. villosa ! incl. var. mississippiensis D. sanguinalis not included ! i not included ! ! ! incl. vars. platycarpa & pubescens var. oligosanthes Panicum oligosanthes var. scribnerianum P. linearifolium in part P. sphaerocarpon var. isophyllum USDA D. oligosanthes var. scribnerianum D. linearifolium in part D. sphaerocarpon var. isophyllum var. acuminatum in part Panicum ravenelii Panicum scoparium Panicum sphaerocarpon var. sphaerocarpon P. acuminatum var. i var. praecocius as var. sphaerocarpon as Var. Caan tae 2 in part Panicum linearifolrum in part I not included ! ! incl. var. villosa ! | not included ! ! ! ! v D. linearifolium in part ! ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Diplazium pycnocarpon DIPLOTAXIS MURALIS DIPSACUS FULLONUM DIPSACUS LACINIATUS Dirca palustris Distichlis spicata var. spicata DISTICHLIS SPICATA var. STRICTA Doellingeria umbellata var. pubens Draba aprica Draba brachycarpa Draba cuneifolia Draba reptans DRABA VERNA DRACOCEPHALUM PAR VIFLORUM Drymocallis arguta Dryopteris carthusiana Dryopteris celsa Dryopteris cristata Dryopteris goldiana Dryopteris intermedia Dryopteris marginalis DUCHESNEA INDICA Dulichium arundinaceum Dyssodia papposa Echinacea angustifolia Echinacea pallida Echinacea paradoxa Echinacea purpurea Echinacea simulata ECHINOCHLOA COLONUM ECHINOCHLOA CRUSGALLI ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-PAVONIS var. RA Echinochloa muricata Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 139 Steyermark Athyrium pycnocarpon! not included ! D. sylvestris ! not included ! ! ! incl. D. decipiens D. spicata ! D. stricta ! not included I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. micrantha ! ! incl. var. boerhaavii ! ! ! Potentiall arguta ! D. austriaca var. ! spinulosa D. clintoniana var. ! australis not included ! ! ! D. austriaca var. ! intermedia ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! in part ! ! ! ! ! E. pallida in part ! ! ! ! incl. var. frumentacea not included ! ! incl. vars. ! incl. var. ludoviciana, i t Yatskievych USDA incl. in D. spicata incl. in D. spicata ! ! ! Potentilla arguta ! ! E. "colona” ! ! ! incl. var. : 1 microstachya & occidentalis Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Echinochloa walteri Echinocystis lobata Echinodorus berteroi Echinodorus cordifolius Echinodorus tenellus ECHIUM VULGARE Eclipta prostrata EGERIA DENSA EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES ELAEAGNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA ELAEAGNUS UMBELLATA Elatine triandra Eleocharis acicularis Eleocharis atropurpurea Eleocharis compressa var. acutisquam ata Eleocharis compressa var. compressa Eleocharis elliptica Eleocharis engelmannii Eleocharis equisetoides Eleocharis erythropoda Eleocharis lanceolata Eleocharis macrostachya Eleocharis obtusa Eleocharis ovata Eleocharis palustris Eleocharis parvula Eleocharis quadrangulata Eleocharis tenuis var. atrata Eleocharis verrucosa Eleocharis wolfii Eleocharis xyridiformis Elephantopus carolinianus ELEUSINE INDICA ELEUSINE TRISTACHYA Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 140 Steyermark not included ! as var. lanceolatus l as var. parvulus ! E. alba not included I ! not included as var. americana | not included E. compressa in part E. compressa in part not included ! ! E. calva ! E. macrostachya in part ! in part, incl. var. jejuna E. obtusa in part incl. var. jejuna E. smallii ! incl. var. anachaeta t not included E. tenuis var. verrucosa ! E. macrostachya in part not included Yatskievych ! ! ! as var. parvulus ! ! ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. americana ! ! E. compressa in part E. compressa in part 0) E. ovata in part ! ! I E. palustris in part E. ovata in part ! in part E. palustris in part not included E. palustris in part USDA E. macrostachya in part ! E. palustris in part ! ! E. compressa in part E. tenuis var. verrucosa ! E. macrostachya in part ! ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Ellisia nyctelea Elodea canadensis Elodea nuttallii Elymus canadensis Elymus churchii Elymus curvatus ELYMUS ELONGATUS subsp. PONTICUS Elymus glabriflorus Elymus glaucus Elymus hystrix Elymus jejunus ELYMUS LONGIFOLIUS Elymus macgregorii ELYMUS REPENS Elymus riparius ELYMUS TRACHYCAULUS Elymus villosus Elymus virginicus ENGELMANNIA PERISTENIA Epifagus virginiana EPILOBIUM CILIATUM Epilobium coloratum Epilobium leptophyllum EPIPACTIS HELLEBORINE Equisetum * ferrissii Equisetum x nelsonii Equisetum arvense Equisetum hyemale Equisetum laevigatum ERAGROSTIS BARRELIERI Eragrostis capillaris Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 14] Steyermark ! Anacharis canadensis Anacharis nuttallii I E. interruptus E. submuticus not included E. virginicus var. glabriflorus in part Hystrix patula Elymus virginicus var. jejunus Sitanion longifolium E. virginicus var. glabriflorus in part Agropyron repens var. subulatum I Agropyron trachycaulum incl. var. glaucum ! as var. virginicus E. pinnatifida ! not included I I ! not included not included ! as vars. elatum & pseudohyemale ! incl. E. kansanum not included ! Yatskievych ! ! ! ! E. diversiglumis E. virginicus var. submuticus ! Elymus virginicus var. glabriflorus in part ! ! E. virginicus var. virginicus in part ! not included ! in part ! ! as var. affine ! ! ! USDA ! E. interruptus in part E. submuticus Thinopyrum ponticum ! In part ! ! incl. var. bigloviana E. virginicus var. virginicus in part E. elymoides subsp. brevifolius E. glabriflorus in part ! ! ! incl. subsp. subsecundus ! ! in part ! ! ! ! Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME ERAGROSTIS CILIANENSIS ERAGROSTIS CURTIPEDICELLATA ERAGROSTIS CURVULA ERAGROSTIS ELLIOTTI Eragrostis frankii Eragrostis glomerata Eragrostis hirsuta Eragrostis hypnoides Eragrostis intermedia ERAGROSTIS MINOR ERAGROSTIS PECTINACEA var. MISERRIMA Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea ERAGROSTIS PILOSA Eragrostis reptans ERAGROSTIS SECUNDIFLORA subsp. OXYLEPIS Eragrostis spectabilis Eragrostis trichodes ERANTHUS HYEMALIS Erechtites hieracifolius Erianthus alopecuroides ERIANTHUS GIGANTEUS ERIANTHUS RAVENNAE Erianthus strictus Erigenia bulbosa Erigeron annuus Erigeron philadelphicus Erigeron pulchellus Erigeron strigosus Erigeron tenuis ERIOCHLOA ACUMINATA ERIOCHLOA CONTRACTA ERIOCHLOA VILLOSA ERIOGONUM ANNUUM Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 142 Steyermark ! ® ! not included I I I E. poaeoides E. arida E. pectinacea not included ! incl. var. sparsihirsuta ! not included E. "hieracifolia" ! not included ! incl. var. beyrichii ! E. gracilis ! not included not included Yatskievych ! ! USDA ! ! E. japonica ! ! ! ! ! ! in part Neeragrostis reptans ! ! ! ! ! Saccharum alopecurioides Saccharum baldwinii ! ! ! ! ! incl. vars. beyrichii & septentrionalis ! ! ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Eriogonum longifolium ERODIUM CICUTARIUM ERODIUM TEXANUM ERUCA VESICARIA subsp. SATIVA ERUCASTRUM GALLICUM ERYNGIUM LEAVENWORTHII Eryngium prostratum Eryngium yuccifolium Erysimum capitatum ERYSIMUM CHEIRANTHOIDES ERYSIMUM INCONSPICUUM ERYSIMUM REPANDUM Erythronium albidum Erythronium americanum Erythronium mesochoreum Erythronium rostratum ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA EUONYMUS ALATUS Euonymus americanus Euonymus atropurpureus EUONYMUS EUROPAEUS EUONYMUS HEDERACEUS Euonymus obovatus Eupatorium album Eupatorium altissimum EUPATORIUM CAPILLIFOLIUM Eupatorium fistulosum Eupatorium hyssopifolium var. calcaratum Eupatorium maculatum Eupatorium perfoliatum Eupatorium purpureum Eupatorium rotundifolium Eupatorium semiserratum Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 143 Steyermark ! ! ! E. sativa ! O ! ! as var. albidum ! in part E. albidum var. mesochoreum E. americanum in part not included ! ! not included not included ! not included ! not included ! incl. var. cuneatum ! not included E. cuneifolium var. semiserratum Yatskievych ! ! ! not included ! ! ! as var. bruneri ! ! incl. var. holzingeri as var. scabridum ! USDA ! ! E. fortunei var. radicans ! ! ! ! Eutrochium fistulosum ! Eutrochium maculatum var. bruneri ! Eutrochium purpureum, incl. var. holzingeri as var. scabridum I Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Eupatorium serotinum Eupatorium sessilifolium Eupatorium torreyanum Euphorbia commutata Euphorbia corollata Euphorbia cyathophora EUPHORBIA CYPARISSIAS Euphorbia davidii Euphorbia dentata EUPHORBIA ESULA Euphorbia geyeri Euphorbia glyptosperma Euphorbia humistrata Euphorbia maculata Euphorbia marginata Euphorbia missurica Euphorbia nutans Euphorbia obtusata EUPHORBIA OPTHALMICA Euphorbia ouachitana EUPHORBIA PROSTRATA Euphorbia serpens EUPHORBIA SERPYLLIFOLIA Euphorbia spathulata EUPHORBIA STICTOSPORA Eurybia furcata Eurybia hemispherica Eurybia macrophylla Euthamia graminifolia Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 144 Steyermark I as var. brittonianum not included ! incl. vars. mollis & paniculata E. heterophylla incl. var. graminifolia I E. dentata in part ! in part ! E. supina ! ! E. maculata ! not included not included ! Aster furcatus Aster paludosus subsp. hemisphericus not included Solidago graminifolia vars. media & nuttallii Yatskievych ! ! not included not included not included ! USDA t ! incl. var. brittonianum E. hyssopifolium in part I I ! Incl. var. uralensis Chamaesyce geyeri Chamaesyce glyptosperma Chamaesyce humistrata Chamaesyce maculata ! Chamaesyce missurica Chamaesyce nutans E. spathulata in rt pa Chamaesyca opthalmica not included Chamaesyce prostrata Chamaesyce serpens ce serpyllifolia in part Chamaesyce stictiospora I I Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Euthamia gymnospermoides Euthamia leptocephala EVOLVULUS ALSINOIDES Evolvulus nuttallianus EXOCHORDA RACEMOSA FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM Fagus grandifolia FALCARIA VULGARIS FALLOPIA CONVOL VULUS FALLOPIA DUMETORUM FALLOPIA JAPONICA Fallopia scandens FATOUA VILLOSA FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA FESTUCA OVINA Festuca paradoxa FESTUCA PRATENSIS FESTUCA RUBRA FESTUCA SORORIA Festuca subverticillata FESTUCA TRACHYPHYLLA Filipendula rubra Fimbristylis annua Fimbristylis autumnalis FIMBRIST YLIS LITTORALIS Fimbristylis puberula Fimbristylis vahlii FLAVERIA CAMPESTRIS Fleischmannia incarnata Floerkea proserpinacoides FOENICULUM VULGARE FONTANESIA PHILLYREOIDES subsp. FORTUNEI Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 145 Steyermark Solidago gymnospermoides Solidago leptocephala ! I not included F. sagittatum as var. caroliniana F. sioides Polygonum convolvulus Polygonum scandens in part, incl. var. cristatum Polygonum cuspidatum Polygonum scandens in part, incl. var. cristatum not included F. elatior var. arundinacea as var. ovina ! F. elatior var. elatior ! incl. vars. arenaria & commutata not included F. obtusa F. ovina var. duriuscula ! F. dichotoma ! incl. var. mucronulata not included F. caroliniana I ! Eupatorium incarnatum I I not included Yatskievych ! USDA as var. angustifolius ! ! ! ! ! Polygonum convolvulus Polygonum scandens var. dumetorum Polygonum cuspidatum olygonum scandens incl. var. cristatum ! Schedonorus arundinaceus ! ! Schedonorus pratensis ! incl. subsp. arenaria ! ! F. brevipila ! ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Forestiera acuminata FORSYTHIA SUSPENSA FRAGARIA « ANANASSA Fragaria vesca var. americana Fragaria virginiana Frasera caroliniensis Fraxinus americana Fraxinus biltmoreana Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. pennsylvanica Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima Fraxinus profunda Fraxinus quadrangulata Fraxinus smallii Froelichia floridana var. campestris Froelichia gracilis Fuirena simplex var. aristatula Fuirena simplex var. simplex FUMARIA OFFICINALIS Gaillardia aestivalis var. flavovirens GAILLARDIA PULCHELLA Galactia regularis GALANTHUS NIVALIS Galearis spectabilis GALEOPSIS TETRAHIT GALINSOGA PARVIFLORA GALINSOGA QUADRIRADIATA GALIUM ANGLICUM Galium aparine Galium arkansanum Galium asprellum Galium boreale Galium circaezans Galium concinnum GALIUM DIVARICATUM Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 146 Steyermark ! not included I ! ! incl. var. illinoensis Swertia caroliniensis as. Var. americana in F. americana var. biltmoreana ! F. tomentosa I F. americana var. americana in part ! I F. simplex in part F. simplex in part not included G. lutea ! G. volubilis var. missippiensis not included Orchis spectabilis I ! G. ciliata not included I ! not included as var. hyssopifolium ! incl. var. hypomalicum ! not included Yatskievych ! ! ! USDA ! ! incl. var. grayana ! F. americana in F. americana in part 1 F.p in part not included ! ! ! F.p in part ! ! F. americana in part ! ! ! ! ! ! G. divaricatum in part ! ! ! I ! incl. var. hypomalicum ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Galium obtusum GALIUM PEDEMONT ANUM Galium pilosum Galium tinctorium Galium triflorum GALIUM VERUM Galium virgatum Gamochaeta argyrinea GAMOCHAETA PENSYLVANICA Gamochaeta purpurea Gaura coccinea Gaura longiflora Gaura parviflora GAURA SINUATA Gaylussacia baccata Gentiana alba Gentiana andrewsii var. andrewsii Gentiana andrewsii var. dakotica Gentiana puberulenta Gentianella quinquefolia subsp. occidentalis Geocarpon minimum Geranium carolinianum GERANIUM COLUMBINUM GERANIUM DISSECTUM Geranium maculatum GERANIUM MOLLE GERANIUM PUSILLUM Geum canadense Geum fragarioides Geum laciniatum Geum triflorum Geum vernum Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 147 Steyermark I G. virgatum in part ! ! ! ! in part Gnaphalium urpureum in part Gnaphalium purpureum in part Gnaphalium purpureum in part ! Gaura biennis incl. var. pitcheri ! not included ! Gentiana flavida G. andrewsii C. clausa G. puberula Gentiana quinquefolia var. occidentalis ! ! incl. var. confertiflorum not included ! | ! ! ! incl. var. camporum Waldsteinia fragarioides as var. trichocarpum not included ! Yatskievych ! ! Oenothera suffrutescens Oenothers filiformis Oenothera curtiflora ! I I USDA ! Cruciata pedemontanum ! incl. var. puncticulosum I ! ! ! Gnaphalium purpureum in part ! in part ! i Waldsteinia fragarioides as var. trichocarpum ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Geum virginianum Gillenia stipulata Gillenia trifoliata GLADIOLUS COMMUNIS Glandularia bipinnatifida Glandularia canadensis GLECHOMA HEDERACEA Gleditsia aquatica Gleditsia triacanthos GLINUS LOTOIDES Glyceria acutiflora Glyceria septentrionalis var. arkansana Glyceria septentrionalis var. septentrionalis Glyceria striata GLYCINE MAX Glycyrrhiza lepidota Gonolobus suberosus Goodyera pubescens GOSS YPIUM HIRSUTUM Gratiola neglecta Gratiola virginiana Gratiola viscidula GRINDELIA CILIATA Grindelia lanceolata GRINDELIA SQUARROSA GUIZOTIA ABYSSINICA GUTIERREZIA TEXANA Gymnocladus dioica Gymnopogon ambiguus Hackelia virginiana HALESIA DIPTERA Hamamelis vernalis Hamamelis virginiana Hasteola suaveolens Hedeoma hispida Hedeoma pulegioides HEDERA HELIX Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 148 Steyermark not included ! ! not included ! ! ! incl. var. micrantha ! incl. var. stricta ! ! Matelea gonocarpa ! G. herbaceum ! ! ! Haplopappus ciliatus ! ! incl. vars. nuda & serrulata not included ! | ! ! not included ! ! Cacalia suaveolens ! ! ! Yatskievych ! ! ! not included ! ! ! ! ! ! incl. vars. nuda & quasiperennis ! USDA ! G. arkansana G. spetentrionalis Matelea gonocarpos | ! ! ! ! G. papposa ! ! incl. G. nuda ! ! G. "dioicus" ! ! ! ! Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 149 Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Steyermark Yatskievych USDA HELENIUM AMARUM ! ! ! Helenium autumnale ! incl. vars. ! ! canaliculatum & parviflorum Helenium flexuosum ! ! ! Helenium virginicum H. autumnale x H. ! ! flexuosum Helianthemum bicknellii ! Helianthemum canadense () ! ! Helianthus laetiflorus H. laetiflorus var. ! ! laetiflorus Helianthus angustifolius ! ! ! Helianthus annuus ! incl. vars. lenticularis —! ! & nanus Helianthus decapetalus ! ! ! Helianthus divaricatus ! ! ! Helianthus grosseserratus ! ! ! Helianthus hirsutus ! incl. vars. ! ! stenophyllus & trachyphyllus Helianthus maximilianii H. "maximiliani" ! H. "maximiliani" Helianthus microcephalus ! ! ! Helianthus mollis ! ! ! Helianthus occidentalis ! ! ! Helianthus pauciflorus subsp. H. laetiflorus var. ! ! pauciflorus rigidus HELIANTHUS PAUCIFLORUS not included ! ! subsp. SUBRHOMBOIDEUS HELIANTHUS PETIOLARIS ! ! ! Helianthus salicifolius ! ! ! Helianthus silphioides ! ! ! Helianthus strumosus ! ! ! Helianthus tuberosus ! incl. var. ! ! subcanescens Heliopsis helianthoides var. as var. occidentalis ! ! incl. var. helianthoides occidentalis Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra ! ! ! HELIOTROPIUM AMPLEXICAULE not included ! ! Heliotropi i not included ! ! HELIOTROPIUM INDICUM ! ! ! HELIOTROPIUM PROCUMBENS not included ! ! Heliotropium tenellum ! ! ! HELMINOTHECA ECHIOIDES not included ! Picris echioides Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME HEMEROCALLIS FULVA Heracleum sphondylium subsp. montanum HESPERIS MATRONALIS Heteranthera dubia Heteranthera limosa Heteranthera multiflora Heteranthera reniformis Heteranthera rotundifolia Heterotheca camporum Heterotheca canescens Heterotheca subaxillaris Heuchera americana Heuchera parviflora var. parviflora Heuchera parviflora var. puberula Heuchera richardsonii Heuchera villosa Hexalectris spicata Hibiscus laevis Hibiscus lasiocarpos HIBISCUS SYRIACUS HIBISCUS TRIONUM HIERACIUM CAESPITOSUM Hieracium gronovii Hieracium longipilum Hieracium scabrum HOLCUS LANATUS HOLOSTEUM UMBELLATUM Hordeum jubatum Hordeum pusillum HORDEUM VULGARE Hottonia inflata Houstonia caerulea Houstonia longifolia var. longifolia Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 150 Steyermark ! incl. var. kwanso H. maximum I I | H. reneformis in part in part not included Chrysopsis villosa var. camporum Chrysopsis villosa vars, angustifolia & canescens H. latifolia as vars. hirsuticaulis & interior H. missouriensis H. puberula as vars. affinis & grayana as var. macrorhiza ! H. militaris ! ! ! not included ! ! ! incl. var. intonsum ! ! ! incl. var. caespitosum ! ! incl. var. trifurcatum ! ! ! Yatskievych ! incl. var. kwanso ! ! incl. var. landuliesi USDA ! H. maximum ! incl. var. lanchiliea} ! incl. var. hirsuticaulis ! ! ! H. longifolia in part ! incl. var. hirsuticaulis ! ! incl. var. intonsum | ! incl. subsp. intermedium ! ! ! ! H. longifolia in part Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Houstonia longifolia var. tenuifolia Houstonia micrantha Houstonia nigricans Houstonia purpurea Houstonia pusilla Houstonia rosea HUMULUS JAPONICUS Humulus lupulus var. lupulus Humulus lupulus var. neomexicanus Humulus lupulus var. pubescens Huperzia lucidula Huperzia porophila Hydrangea arborescens Hydrastis canadensis HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Hydrocotyle verticillata Hydrolea ovata Hydrolea uniflora a a RE qi] E P PE Hydrophyllum canadense Hydrophyllum virginianum Hylodesmum glutinosim Hylodesmum nudiflorum Hylodesmum pauciflorum Hymenocallis carolimana Ty 1 I Hypericum adpressum Hypericum ascyron subsp. pyramidatum Hypericum drummondii Hypericum gentianoides Hypericum gymnanthum Hypericum hypericoides Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 151] Steyermark i not included I ! incl. var. calycosa Houstonia minima & Houstonia pusilla not included ! ! in part ! in part ! in part Lycopodium lucidulum Lycopodium selago var. patens ! incl. vars. deamii & oblonga I not included not included ! ! ! ! ! ! Desmodium glutinosum Desmodium nudiflorum Desmodium pauciflorum H. occidentalis ! not included H. pyramidatum ! ! I Ascyrum hypericoides var. hypericoides Yatskievych H. longifolia in part ! ! incl. subsp. discolor ! not included ! ! ! as subsp. hypericoides USDA H. longifolia in part ! Stenaria nigricans ! incl. var. calycosa ! I ! Desmodium glutinosum Desmodium nudiflorum Desmodium pauciflorum I ! ! H. ascyron ! ! ! as subsp. hypericoides Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Hypericum lobocarpum Hypericum majus Hypericum mutilum HYPERICUM PERFORATUM Hypericum prolificum Hypericum pseudomaculatum Hypericum punctatum Hypericum sphaerocarpum Hypericum strangulum HYPOCHAERIS RADICATA Hypoxis hirsuta Tlex decidua Tlex opaca Tlex verticillata ILEX VOMITORIA IMPATIENS BALSAMINEA Impatiens capensis Impatiens pallida INULA BRITANNICA INULA HELENIUM Todanthus pinnatifidus Tonactis linariifolius IPOMOEA AMNICOLA IPOMOEA COCCINEA IPOMOEA HEDERACEA Ipomoea lacunosa Ipomoea pandurata IPOMOEA PURPUREA IPOMOEA QUAMOCLIT IPOMOEA TRICOLOR IPOMOPSIS RUBRA Tresine rhizomatosa Tris brevicaulis Tris cristata Tris fulva IRIS GERMANICA IRIS ORIENTALIS Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 152 Steyermark H. densiflorum incl. var. lobocarpum H. canadense ! incl. var. parviflorum ! H. spathulatum H. punctatum var. pseudomaculatum as var. punctatum ! incl. var. turgidum Ascyrum hypericoides var. multicaule ! ! ! | as var. padifolia not included ! ! ! not included ! ! Aster linariifolius ! ! ! incl. var. integriuscula ! ! ! ! not included Gilia rubra ! ! ! ! I not included Yatskievych ! ! ! H. hypericoides subsp. multicaule ! ! ! ! as var. padifolia ! ! ! USDA ! ! H. hypericoides subsp. multicaule ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME IRIS PALLIDA IRIS PSEUDOACORUS IRIS PUMILA IRIS VERNA Tris virginica var. shrevei ISATIS TINCTORIA Isoetes butleri Tsoetes engelmannii Isoetes melanopoda Isolepis carinata Isolepis molesta Tsopyrum biternatum Isotria medeoloides Isotria verticillata Itea virginica IVA ANGUSTIFOLIA Iva annua JACQUEMONTIA TAMNIFOLIA JASMINUM NUDIFLORUM Juglans cinerea Juglans nigra Juncus acum inatus Juncus alpinoarticulatus Juncus balticus subsp. littoralis Juncus biflorus Juncus brachycarpus Juncus brachyphyllus Juncus bufonius Juncus canadensis Juncus debilis Juncus diffusissimus Juncus dudleyi Juncus effusus subsp. solutus Juncus filipendulus JUNCUS GERARDII Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 153 Steyermark ! ! ! not included Scirpus koilolepis not included ! ! ! ! not included I. ciliata not included not included ! ! I J. alpinus var. fuscescens J. balticus var. littoralis ! ! J. kansanus ! ! ! ! I J. effusus var. solutus not included not included Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! not included ! ! not included ! USDA ! ! Enemion biternatum ! ! ! ! ! incl. vars. caudata & macrocarpa ! ! ! ! ! as subsp. nodulosus J. arcticus subsp. littoralis ! ! as var. solutus ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Juncus interior Juncus marginatus Juncus nodatus Juncus nodosus Juncus scirpoides Juncus secundus Juncus subcaudatus Juncus tenuis var. anthelatus Juncus tenuis var. tenuis Juncus torreyi Juncus validus Juniperus ashei Juniperus virginiana Justicia americana Justicia ovata KALLSTROEMIA PARVIFLORA KICKXIA ELATINE KICKXIA SPURIA KNAUTIA ARVENSIS KOCHIA SCOPARIA Koeleria macrantha KOELRUETERIA PANICULATA KOLKWITZIA AMABILIS Krigia biflora Krigia caespitosa Krigia dandelion Krigia occidentalis Krigia virginica KUMMEROWIA STIPULACEA KUMMEROWIA STRIATA KYLLINGA GRACILLIMA Kyllinga pumila LABLAB PURPUREUS Lactuca canadensis Lactuca floridana Lactuca hirsuta Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 154 Steyermark ! ! incl. var. setosus ! ! ! ! ! J. tenuis fs. anthelatus & discretiflorus J. tenuis f. tenuis ! ! | | ! ! K. hirsutissima ! ! not included ! incl. vars. culta & pubescens K. cristata not included not included ! Serenia oppositifolia t I ! Lespedeza stipulacea Lespedeza striata not included Cyperus tenuifolius not included ! incl. vars. latifolia, longifolia & obovata ! incl. var. villosa ! incl. var. sanguinea Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! as var. lanceolata ! ! ! not included ! ! ! not included ! | ! USDA J. anthelatus | ! as var. lanceolata ! ! | | Bassia scoparia ! incl. var. villosa ! incl. var. sanguinea Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Lactuca ludoviciana LACTUCA SALIGNA LACTUCA SERRIOLA Lactuca tatarica subsp. pulchella LAGENARIA SICERARIA LAMIUM AMPLEXICAULE LAMIUM HYBRIDUM LAMIUM PURPUREUM Laportea canadensis LAPPULA REDOWSKII LAPPULA SQUARROSA LAPSANA COMMUNIS LATHYRUS HIRSUTUS LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS Lathyrus palustris Lathyrus pusillus LATHYRUS SYLVESTRIS LATHYRUS TUBEROSUS Lathyrus venosus LAVATERA TRIMESTRIS Leavenworthia uniflora Lechea mucronata Lechea racemulosa Lechea tenuifolia Leersia lenticularis Leersia oryzoides Leersia virginica var. ovata Leersia virginica var. virginica Leitneria floridana Lemna aequinoctialis Lemna minor Lemna minuta Lemna obscura Lemna perpusilla Lemna trisulca Lemna turionifera Lemna valdiviana Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 155 Steyermark ! ! L. scariola L. pulchella ! ! not included as var. occidentalis L. echinata ! ! I ! incl. var. myrtifolius I not included not included as var. intonsus not included ! L. villosa I I I | L. virginica in part L. virginica in part I not included ! L. minima not included I I not included ! Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! L. virginica in part L. virginica in part ! USDA as var. pulchella ! ! L. purpureum var. incisum ! I L. occidentalis incl. var. cupulata ! I ! L. virginica in part L. virginica in part t incl. L. pilosa subsp. ozarkana ! Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME LEONTODON TARAXACOIDES LEONURUS CARDIACA LEONURUS JAPONICUS LEONURUS MARRUBIASTRUM LEPIDIUM APPELIANUM LEPIDIUM CAMPESTRE LEPIDIUM CHALAPENSE LEPIDIUM DENSIFLORUM LEPIDIUM DIDYMUM LEPIDIUM DRABA LEPIDIUM LATIFOLIUM LEPIDIUM PERFOLIATUM LEPIDIUM RUDERALE Lepidium virginicum LEPTOCHLOA DUBIA Leptochloa fusca subsp. fascicularis LEPTOCHLOA FUSCA subsp. UNINERVIA Leptochloa panicea subsp. brachiata Leptochloa panicea subsp. mucronata Leptochloa panicoides LESPEDEZA BICOLOR Lespedeza capitata LESPEDEZA CUNEATA Lespedeza frutescens Lespedeza hirta Lespedeza prairea Lespedeza procumbens Lespedeza repens Lespedeza stuevei LESPEDEZA THUNBERGII Lespedeza violacea Lespedeza virginica Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 156 Steyermark not included ! L. sibiricus not included Cardaria pubescens var. elongata ! Cardaria draba in part ! Coronopus didymus Cardaria draba in part not included ! not included ! not included Diplachne acuminata & D. fascicularis not included L. filiformis var. filiformis L. filiformis var. attenuata Diplachne halei not included ! incl. vars. stenophylla & vulgaris ! L. violacea in part I L. violacea in part ! incl. var. elliptica ! ! incl. var. angustifolia ! L. intermedia I Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! in part as subsp. hirta L. frutescens in part ! USDA L. sibiricus Chaiturus marrubiastrum Cardaria pubescens ! Cardaria chalapensis ! Coronopus didymus Cardaria draba ! ! L. oblongum ! ! | ! ! in part ! L. frutescens in part ! ! ! ! Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME LEUCANTHEMUM VULGARE LEUCOJUM AESTIVUM Leucospora multifida LEVISTICUM OFFICINALE Liatris aspera Liatris cylindracea Liatris mucronata Liatris punctata Liatris pycnostachya Liatris scariosa var. nieuwlandii Liatris spicata Liatris squarrosa var. hirsuta Liatris squarrosa var. squarrosa Liatris squarrulosa Ligusticum canadense LIGUSTRUM OBTUSIFOLIUM LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM LIGUSTRUM SINENSE LIGUSTRUM VULGARE LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM Lilium michiganense Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum Lilium superbum Limnobium spongia Limnosciadium pinnatum LINARIA VULGARIS Lindera benzoin Lindera melissifolia Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea Lindernia dubia var. dubia Linum floridanum Linum medium var. texanum LINUM RIGIDUM Linum striatum Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 157 Steyermark Chrysanthemum leucanthemum incl. var. pinnatifidum ! Conobea multifida L. paludapifolium ! I ! as var. nebraskana ! L. ligulistylis I I ! incl. var. glabrata L. scabra ! not included ! not included ! L. tigrinum ! not included 0) ! Cynosciadium pinnatum I ! incl. var. pubescens L. melissaefolium L. anagallidea L. dubia not included I I Yatskievych ! ! incl. var. glabrata ! ! L. dubia in part L. dubia in part ! I ! as var. compactum ! USDA ! incl. spp. pulchellum ! ! incl. var. intermedia ! ! as var. nebraskana ! ! ! ! incl. var. glabrata ! ! incl. var. pubescens ! ! ! ! I L. compactum Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Linum sulcatum LINUM USITATISSIMUM Linum virginianum Liparis liliifolia Liparis loeselii Lipocarpha aristulata Lipocarpha drummondii Lipocarpha micrantha Lippia lanceolata Lippia nodiflora Liquidamber styraciflua Liriodendron tulipifera LIRIOPE MUSCARI LIRIOPE SPICATA Listera australis Lithospermum canescens Lithospermum carolinense Lithospermum incisum Lithospermum latifolium Lobelia cardinalis Lobelia inflata Lobelia puberula Lobelia siphilitica Lobelia spicata LOBULARIA MARITIMA LOLIUM PERENNE var. ARISTATUM LOLIUM PERENNE var. PERENNE LOLIUM PERSICUM LOLIUM RIGIDUM LOLIUM TEMULENTUM Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 158 Steyermark ! ! not included ! ! Hemicarpha drummondii in part Hemicarpha drummondii in part Hemicarpha micrantha ! ! ! ! not included not included not included ! ! as var. mineolana ! incl. var. ludoviciana ! incl. vars. campanulata, hirtella & leptostachys not included L. multiflorum incl. var. diminutum L. perenne L. temulentum L. temulentum var. macrochaeton not included (name as applied here conceptually refers to L. persicum & L. rigidum) Yatskievych ! ! ! I ! not included not included not included I I ! incl. var. leptostachys USDA ! Phyla lanceolata Phyla nodiflora ! ! ! ! ! I ! incl. var. croceum ! ! I ! ! incl. var. minneolana ! incl. var. ludoviciana ! incl. vars. campanulata, hirtella & leptostachys t L. perenne subsp. multiflorum in part as subsp. perenne ! ! Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Lomatium foeniculaceum LONICERA « BELLA LONICERA « PERPUSII Lonicera dioica Lonicera flava LONICERA FRAGRANTISSIMA LONICERA JAPONICA LONICERA MAACKIT Lonicera reticulata LONICERA SEMPER VIRENS LOTUS CORNICULATUS Ludwigia alternifolia Ludwigia decurrens Ludwigia glandulosa LUDWIGIA GRANDIFLORA Ludwigia leptocarpa Ludwigia linearis Ludwigia microcarpa Ludwigia palustris Ludwigia peploides subsp. glabrescens Ludwigia polycarpa LUNARIA ANNUA Luzula campestris var. bulbosa Luzula campestris var. echinata Luzula campestris var. multiflora LYCHNIS CORONARIA LYCIUM BARBARUM LYCIUM CHINENSE Lycopodium dendroideum Lycopodium digitatum Lycopodium tristachyum Lycopus americanus Lycopus asper Lycopus rubellus Lycopus uniflorus Lycopus virginicus Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 159 Steyermark ! L. morrowi not included ! incl. var. glaucescens ! incl. var. flavescens not included ! not included L. prolifera ! ! ! incl. var. pubescens Jussiaea decurrens I Jussiaea uruguayensis Jussiaea leptocarpa not included ! as vars. americana & nana Jussiaea repens var. glabrescens I not included L. bulbosa in part L. bulbosa in part L. bulbosa in part not included L. halimifolium ! L. obscurum var. dendroideum not included ! ! incl. var. longii ! ! incl. vars. arkansanus & lanceolatus not included ! Yatskievych USDA ! incl. subsp. ! incl. subsp. ! ! ! not included ! ! ! ! O ! I ! L. bulbosa L. echinata L. multiflora I I I Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Lygodesmia juncea Lyonia mariana Lysimachia ciliata Lysimachia hybrida Lysimachia lanceolata LYSIMACHIA NUMMULARIA Lysimachia quadriflora Lysimachia radicans Lysimachia terrestris Lysimachia thyrsiflora LYSIMACHIA VULGARIS Lythrum alatum LYTHRUM SALICARIA MACLURA POMIFERA Magnolia acuminata MAGNOLIA TRIPETALA Maianthemum racemosum Maianthemum stellatum Malaxis unifolia MALUS « SOULARDII Malus angustifolia MALUS BACCATA Malus coronaria MALUS DOMESTICA MALUS FLORIBUNDA Malus ioensis MALUS SIEBOLDII MALVA MOSCHATA MALVA NEGLECTA MALVA PARVIFLORA MALVA PUSILLA MALVA SYLVESTRIS MALVA VERTICILLATA Malvastrum angustum Manfreda virginica MARRUBIUM VULGARE Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 160 Steyermark Yatskievych ! ! ! ! not included ! ! ! not included ! ! ! incl. var. lanceolatum ! ! ! ! ! ! ©) ! Smilacina racemosa ! incl. var. cylindrata Smilacina stellata ! ! ! Pyrus x soulardii ! Pyrus angustifolia var. —! spinosa not included ! Pyrus coronaria incl. ! var. lancifolia Pyrus malus ! not included ! Pyrus ioensis ! not included ! ! : ! ! ! ! M. rotundifolia ! ! ! as var. crispa as var. crispa Sphaeralcea angusta ! Agave virginica ! ! ! USDA as var. puberula Malus pumila ! ! M. toringo ! ! ! ! ! ! Malvastrum hispidum ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Marshallia caespitosa var. caespitosa Marshallia caespitosa var. signata MARSILEA MUTICA MARSILEA QUADRIFOLIA Matelea baldwyniana Matelea decipiens MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA MATRICARIA DISCOIDEA Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica MAZUS PUMILUS Mecardonia acuminata Medeola virginiana MEDICAGO ARABICA MEDICAGO LUPULINA MEDICAGO MINIMA MEDICAGO POLYMORPHA MEDICAGO SATIVA MELAMPODIUM CINEREUM var. RAMOSISSIMUM Melanthium virginicum MELIA AZEDARACH Melica mutica Melica nitens MELILOTUS ALBUS MELILOTUS OFFICINALE MELISSA OFFICINALIS MELOCHIA CORCHORIFOLIA Melothria pendula Menispermum canadense MENTHA « GRACILIS MENTHA « PIPERITA MENTHA AQUATICA var. CITRATA Mentha canadensis MENTHA LONGIFOLIA Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 161 Steyermark I ! not included ! incl. M. mucronata ! ! incl. M. obliqua ! M. matricarioides I M. japonicus Bacopa acuminata I | ! incl. var. glandulosa not included as var. vulgaris I not included ! ! not included ! ! M. "officinalis" ! not included ! ! M. cardiaca; (M. gentilis) M. piperita & M. citrata not included M. arvensis incl. var. villosa as vars. mollissima & undulata Yatskievych ! ! not included ! ! ! ! not included ! ! USDA ! ! M. recutita I M. struthiopteris Veratrum virginicum ! ! ! M. officinalis in pai M. "officinalis" in part ! ! ! ! ! M. aquatica in part M. arvensis M. spicata in part Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME MENTHA SPICATA MENTZELIA ALBESCENS MENTZELIA NUDA Mentzelia oligosperma Menyanthes trifoliata Mertensia virginica Micranthes pensylvanica var. forbesii Micranthes texana Micranthes virginiensis MICROSTEGIUM VIMINEUM MICROTHLASPI PERFOLIATUM Mikania scandens Mimosa quadrivalvis var. nuttallii Mimulus alatus Mimulus glabratus Mimulus ringens Minuartia michauxii Minuartia muscorum Minuartia patula Mirabilis albida Mirabilis linearis Mirabilis nyctaginea MISCANTHUS SACCHARIFLORUS MISCANTHUS SINENSIS Mitchella repens Mitella diphylla Mitreola petiolata Moehringia lateriflora MOLLUGO VERTICILLATA Monarda bradburiana Monarda citriodora Monarda clinopodia MONARDA DIDYMA Monarda fistulosa MONARDA PECTINATA Monarda punctata var. arkansana Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 162 Steyermark I ! not included ! as var. minor ! Saxifraga pensylvanica var. forbesii Saxifraga texana Saxifraga virginiensis not included Thlaspa perfoliatum ! Schrankia uncinata ! as var. fremontii ! incl. var. minthodes Arenaria stricta Arenaria patula var. robusta Arenaria patula var. patula ! incl. M. hirsuta ! ! not included M. floridulus ! ! Cynoctonum mitreola Arenaria lateriflora ! M. russeliana ! ! ! ! incl. var. mollis ! not included Yatskievych ! ! ! Micranthes texana Micranthes virginiensis ! as var. jamesii USDA ! in part ! ! ! ! ! S. pensylvanica in part Saxifraga texana Saxifraga virginiensis ! ! ! M. nuttallii ! as var. jamesii ! | incl. var. texana ! Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 163 SCIEN TIFIC NAME Steyermark Yatskievych USDA MONARDA PUNCTATA var. ! ! ! OCCIDENTALIS Monarda punctata var. villicaulis ! ! ! MONOLEPIS NUTT ALLIANA ! ! ! Monotropa hypopitys ! ! ! Monotropa uniflora ! ! ! MORUS ALBA ! ! ! Morus rubra ! ! ! Muhlenbergia asperifolia ! ! ! Muhlenbergia bushii M. brachyphylla ! ! Muhlenbergia capillaris ! ! ! Muhlenbergia cuspidata ! ! ! Muhlenbergia frondosa ! ! ! Muhlenbergia glabrifloris M. "glabriflora” ! M. "glabriflora” Muhlenbergia mexicana ! ! ! Muhlenbergia racemosa ! ! ! Muhlenbergia schreberi ! incl. var. curtisetosa ! ! Muhlenbergia sobolifera ! ! ! Muhlenbergia sylvatica ! ! ! Muhlenbergia tenuiflora ! ! ! MUSCARI BOTRYOIDES ! : ! MUSCARI COMOSUM. not included ! ! MUSCARIA RACEMOSUM not included ! M. neglectum Myosotis macrosperma M. virginica var. ! ! macrosperma MYOSOTIS SCORPIOIDES ! ! ! MYOSOTIS STRICTA not included ! ! Myosotis verna M. virginica var. ! ! virginica MYOSOTON AQUATICUM not included ! ! Myosurus minimus ! ! ! MYRIOPHYLLUM AQUATICUM M. brasiliense ! ! Myriophyllum heterophyllum ! ! ! Myriophyllum pinnatum ! ! ! MYRIOPHYLLUM SIBIRICUM not included ! ! MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM not included ! ! Najas flexilis ! ! ! Najas gracillima ! ! ! Najas guadalupensis ! ! ! NAJAS MINOR not included ! ! Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME NARCISSUS POETICUS NARCISSUS PSEUDO-NARCISSUS NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE Nelumbo lutea NELUMBO NUCIFERA Nemastylis geminiflora Nemastylis nuttallii NEPETA CATARIA NESLIA PANICULATA Neviusia alabamensis NICANDRA PHYSALODES NICOTIANA LONGIFLORA NICOTIANA RUSTICA NICOTIANA TABACUM Nothocalis cuspidata Nothoscordum bivalve Nuphar advena subsp. advena Nuphar advena subsp. ozarkana Nuttallanthus canadensis Nuttallanthus texanus Nymphaea odorata NYMPHOIDES PELTATA Nyssa aquatica Nyssa biflora Nyssa sylvatica Obolaria virginica OCIMUM BASILICUM OENANTHE JAVANICA Oenothera biennis Oenothera clelandii Oenothera fruticosa subsp. fruticosa Oenothera fruticosa subsp. glauca Oenothera grandis Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 164 Steyermark ! ! ! incl. var. siifolium ® Agoseris cuspidata ! Nuphar luteum subsp. macrophyllum Nuphar luteum subsp. ozarkanum Linaria canadensis var. canadensis Linaria canadensis var. texana ! incl. var. gigantea & N. tuberosa N. "peltatum” ! not included ! incl. var. caroliniana ! ! not included ! incl. vars. hirsutissima & pycnocarpa O. rhombipetala in part as var. linearis O. fruticosa var. hybrida O. laciniata var. grandiflora Yatskievych ! ! ! USDA ! ! N. lutea subsp. advena in part N. lutea subsp. advena in part ! ! incl. subsp. tuberosa ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME OENOTHERA HETEROPHYLLA Oenothera laciniata Oenothera linifolia Oenothera macrocarpa Oenothera nutans Oenothera parviflora Oenothera perennis Oenothera pilosella Oenothera rhombipetala Oenothera speciosa Oenothera triloba Oenothera villosa Oldenlandia boscii Oldenlandia uniflora Oligoneuron album Oligoneuron riddellii Oligoneuron rigidum Onoclea sensibilis ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM Onosmodium molle subsp. hispidissimum Onosmodium molle subsp. occidentale Onosmodium molle subsp. subsetosum Ophios] lant 4 Ophios] ] Ophioglossum petiolatum Ophioglossum vulgatum Opuntia humifusa Opuntia macrorhiza Opuntia polyacantha Orbexilum onobrychis Orbexilum pedunculatum ORIGANUM VULGARE ORNITHOGALUM NUTANS Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 165 Steyermark not included as var. laciniata ! O. missouriensis not included not included I ! in part ! incl. O. kunthiana ! O. biennis var. canescens ! Aster ptarmicoides Solidago riddellii Solidago rigida O. hispidissimum O. occidentale O. subsetosum not included ! not included as vars. pycnostichum & pseudopodum O. compressa ! Y Psoralea onobrychis Psoralea psoralioides var. eglandulosa not included ! Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! Solidago ptarmicoides Solidago riddellii Solidago rigida, incl. subsp. glabrata & humilis ! USDA ! ! incl. vars. glabratum & humile ! ! O. bejariense var. hispidissimum O. bejariense var. occidentale O. bejariense var. subsetorum ! ! ! Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME ORNITHOGALUM UMBELLATUM Orobanche ludoviciana Orobanche riparia Orobanche uniflora ORYZA SATIVA Oryzopsis racemosa Osmorhiza claytonii Osmorhiza longistylis Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda claytoniana Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis Ostrya virginiana OTTELIA ALISMOIDES OXALIS CORNICULATA Oxalis dillenii Oxalis florida Oxalis stricta Oxalis violacea Oxypolis rigidior Oxytropis lambertii PACHYSANDRA PROCUMBENS Packera aurea Packera glabella Packera obovata Packera paupercula Packera plattensis Packera pseudaurea var. semicordata Packera tomentosa Palafoxia callosa Panax quinquefolius Panicum anceps Panicum capillare Panicum dichotomiflorum Panicum flexile Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 166 Steyermark ! ! not included ! ! ! O. "claytoni" ! incl. vars. brachycoma & villicaulis ! ! ! ! incl. var. lasia not included ! as subsp. dillenii O. dillemi subsp. filipes ! ! incl. var. trichophora ! incl. var. ambigua ! not included Senecio aureus incl. vars. gracilis & intercursus Senecio glabellus Senecio obovatus Senecio pauperculus var. balsamitae Senecio plattensis Senecio aureus var. semicordatus not included ! ! ! ! incl. var. occidentale ! incl. var. geniculatum ! Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! not included ! ! ! USDA ! as subsp. ludoviciana ! ! ! Patis racemosa ! ! ! ! in part O. dillenii in part ! ! ! ! Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Panicum gattingeri Panicum longifolium PANICUM MILIACEUM PANICUM OBTUSUM. Panicum philadelphicum Panicum rigidulum Panicum verrucosum Panicum virgatum PAPAVER DUBIUM PAPAVER RHOEAS PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM Parietaria pensylvanica Parnassia grandifolia Paronychia canadensis Paronychia fastigiata Paronychia virginica Parthenium hispidum PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS Parthenium integrifolium Dartl = z fali ‘F PARTHENOCISSUS TRICUSPIDATA Parthenocissus vitacea Pascopyrum smithii PASPALIDIUM GEMINATUM Paspalum bifidum PASPALUM DILATATUM Paspalum dissectum PASPALUM DISTICHUM Paspalum floridanum Paspalum laeve var. circulare Paspalum laeve var. laeve Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 167 Steyermark ! P. rigidulum in part ! incl. var. tuckermanii P. agrostoides in part, incl. vars. condensum & ramosius, & P. stipitatum not included ! ! ! ! ! ! I ! incl. var. paleacea not included ! not included P. inserta Agropyron smithii Panicum geminatum not included i ! not included ! incl. var. glabratum ! incl. var. pilosum Yatskievych P. philadelphicum in part P. rigidulum in part ! ! ! in part ! in part Parthenium integrifolium var. hispidum ! Parthenium integrifolium var. integrifolium ! ! Elymus smithii ! ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. glabratum ! incl. var. pilosum ! USDA P. rigidulum in part ! ! ! ! in part, incl. var. elongatum ! incl. var. paleacea ! P. laeve in part ! in part Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 168 Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Steyermark Yatskievych USDA Paspalum pubiflorum as var. glabrum as var. glabrum ! Paspalum repens P. fluitans ! P. fluitans Paspalum setaceum var. ciliatifolium P. ciliatifolium var. ! P. setaceum in part ciliatifolium Paspalum setaceum var. muhlenbergii __P. ciliatifolium var. ! P. setaceum in part muhlenbergii Paspalum setaceum var. setaceum ! ! P. setaceum in part Paspalum setaceum var. stramineum P. ciliatifolium var. ! P. setaceum in part stramineum & P. bushii PASPALUM URVILLEI ! ! ! Passiflora incarnata ! ! ! Passiflora lutea as var. glabriflora as var. glabriflora ! PASTINACA SATIVA ! ! ! PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA ! ! ! Pedicularis canadensis ! ! ! Pedicularis lanceolata ! ! ! Pediomelum argophyllum Psoralea argyphylla ! ! Pediomelum esculentum Psoralea esculenta ! ! Pediomelum tenuiflorum Psoralea tenuiflora incl. ! Psoralidium var. floribunda tenuiflorum Pellaea x gastonyi not included P. gastonyi P. gastonyi Pellaea atropurpurea ! ! ! Pellaea glabella ! ! incl. var. ! incl. subsp. mi ourien: sf mi: ourien: 1 Peltandra virginica ! ! ! PENNISETUM ALOPECUROIDES not included 0) ! PENNISETUM AMERICANUM not included ! P. glaucum PENNISETUM SETACEUM not included not included ! Penstemon arkansanus ! ! ! Penstemon cobaea var. cobaea ! P. cobaea in part P. cobara in part Penstemon cobaea var. purpureus ! P. cobaea in part P. cobaea in part Penstemon digitalis !inel. P. alluviorum ! ! Penstemon grandiflorus ! ! ! Penstemon pallidus ! ! ! Penstemon tenuis not included ! ! Penstemon tubaeflorus ! ! ! Penthorum sedoides ! ! ! Perideridia americana ! ! ! PERILLA FRUTESCENS ! incl. var. crispa ! ! incl. var. crispa Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 169 Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Steyermark Yatskievych USDA Persicaria amphibia var. emersa Polygonum coccineum ! Polygonum incl. var. pratincola amphibium var. emersum Persicaria amphibia var. stipulacea Polygonum amphibium ! Polygonum var. stipulaceum amphibium var. stipulaceum Persicaria arifolia Polygonum arifolium ! Polygonum var. pubescens arifolium Persicaria bicornis Polygonum bicorne ! Polygonum pensylvanicum in part Persicaria glabra Polygonum ! Polygonum densiflorum glabrum Persicaria hydropiper Polygonum hydropiper ! Polygonum hydropiper Persicaria hydropiperoides Polygonum ! Polygonum hydropiperoides incl. hydropiperoides var. opelousanum Persicaria lapathifolia Polygonum ! Polygonum lapathifolium lapathifolium PERSICARIA LONGISETA Polygonum ! Polygonum caespitosum var. caespitosum longisetum PERSICARIA MACULOSA Polygonum persicaria ! Polygonum persicaria PERSICARIA ORIENTALIS Polygonum orientale ! Polygonum orientale Persicaria pensylvanica Polygonum ! Polygonum pensylvanicum incl. pensylvanicum in vars. eglandulosum & part laevigatum Persicaria punctata Polygonum punctatum —! Polygonum incl. var. majus in part punctatum incl. & var. confertiflorum var. confertiflorum Persicaria robustior Polygonum punctatum —! Polygonum var. majus in part robustius Persicaria sagittata Polygonum sagittatum =! Polygonum sagittatum Persicaria setacea Polygonum ! Polygonum hydropiperoides var. setaceum setaceum Persicaria virginiana Polygonum ! Polygonum virginianum incl. var. virginianum glaberrimum PETROHAGIA PROLIFERA Dianthus prolifer I ! PETUNIA < ATKINSIANA (P. hybrida) ! ! PETUNIA AXILLARIS ! ! ! PETUNIA INTEGRIFOLIA P. violacea ! ! Phacelia bipinnatifida ! ! ! Phacelia covillei not included ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Phacelia gilioides Phacelia hirsuta Phacelia purshii Phacelia ranunculacea PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA PHALARIS BRACHYSTACHYS PHALARIS CANARIENSIS Phalaris caroliniana PHASEOLUS LUNATUS Phaseolus polystachios PHASEOLUS VULGARIS Phegoteris hexagonoptera PHELLODENDRON AMURENSE Phemeranthus calycinus Phemeranthus parviflorus PHILADELPHUS CORONARIUS Philadelphus pubescens var. verrucosus PHLEUM PRATENSE Phlox amplifolia Phlox bifida Phlox divaricata PHLOX DRUMMONDII Phlox glaberrima subsp. interior Phlox maculata subsp. pyramidalis Phlox paniculata Phlox pilosa subsp. fulgida Phlox pilosa subsp. ozarkana Phlox pilosa subsp. pilosa PHLOX SUBULATA Phoradendron leucarpum Phragmites australis subsp. americanus PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS subsp. AUSTRALIS Phryma leptostachya Phyllanthus carolinensis Phyllanthus polygonoides Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 170 Steyermark ! ! ! ! as var. lunonanus ! as var. humilis Thelypteris hexagonoptera not included Talinum calycinum Talinum parviflorum not included ! ! ! ! incl. var. stellaria as var. laphamii ! as var. interior & P. carolina as var. pyramidalis ! as var. fulgida as var. ozarkana as var. pilosa, incl. var. amplexicaulis o) P. flavescens P. communis var. berlandieri in part P. communis var. berlandieri in part ! ! ! Yatskievych ! ! ! P. australis in part P. australis in part USDA P. pubescens var. pubescens ! ! ! incl. var. stellaria ! incl. subsp. laphamii ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME PHYLLOSTACHYS VIRIDIS PHYSALIS ACUTIFOLIA PHYSALIS ALKEKENGI Physalis angulata PHYSALIS CINERASCENS Physalis cordata Physalis grisea Physalis heterophylla Physalis longifolia Physalis missouriensis PHYSALIS PHILADELPHICA Physalis pubescens Physalis pumila Physalis virginiana Physaria filiformis PHYSARIA GRACILIS Physocarpus opulifolius var. intermedius Physostegia angustifolia Physostegia intermedia Physostegia virginiana subsp. praemorsa Physostegia virginiana subsp. virginiana Phytolacca americana PICRIS HIERACIOIDES PICRIS RHAGADIOLOIDES Pilea pumila Pilularia americana PINUS BANKSIANA Pinus echinata PINUS NIGRA PINUS STROBUS PINUS TAEDA Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 171] Steyermark not included not included not included ! incl. var. pendula P. viscosa subsp. mollis var. cinerascens P. pubescens var. glabra P. pubescens var. grisea I as var. subglabrata ! P. ixocarpa ! incl. vars. glabra (in part) & integrifolia ! Lesquerella filiformis Lesquerella gracilis ! I I P. virginiana var. virginiana f. virgimana, P. virginiana var. speciosa, P. formosior P. virginiana var. virginiana f. candida I not included P. sprengeriana ! not included not included I ! not included not included Yatskievych not included ! ! ! ! incl. var. subglabrata I ! incl. subsp. hispida ! USDA P. sulphurea ! ! ! incl. var. pendula ! ! incl. var. subglabrata ! as var. immaculata ! incl. var. integrifolia I I Lesquerella filiformis Lesquerella gracilis I ! ! P. spregeriana ! ! ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME PINUS VIRGINIANA PISTIA STRATIOTES PISUM SATIVUM Planera aquatica Planodes virginica Plantago aristata Plantago cordata Plantago elongata Plantago heterophylla PLANTAGO INDICA PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA PLANTAGO MAJOR Plantago patagonica PLANTAGO RHODOSPERMA Plantago rugelii Plantago virginica PLANTAGO WRIGHTIANA Platanthera ciliaris Platanthera clavellata Platanthera flava var. flava Platanthera flava var. herbiola Platanthera lacera Platanthera leucophaea Platanthera peramoena Platanthera praeclara Platanthera psychodes Platanus occidentalis Pluchea camphorata Pluchea foetida POA ANNUA POA BULBOSA Poa chapmaniana POA COMPRESSA Poa interior Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 172 Steyermark ! not included ! ! Sibara virginica ! ! P. pusilla incl. var. ! not included ! incl. var. sphaerostachya I P. purshii & P. spinulosa ! ! ! ! Habenaria ciliaris Habenaria clavellata Habenaria flava var. flava Habenaria flava var. herbiola Habenaria lacera Habenaria leucophaea in part Habenaria param oena Habenaria leucophaea in part Habenaria psycodes ! incl. var. glabrata ! ! ! ! ! I not included Yatskievych ! not included ! ! ! ! USDA ! Sibara virginica ! ! P. pusilla, incl. var. major ! P. psyllium ! P. nemoralis subsp. interior Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME POA PALUSTRIS POA PRATENSIS Poa sylvestris POA TRIVIALIS Poa wolfii Podophyllum peltatum Pogonia ophioglossoides Polanisia dodecandra subsp. dodecandra Polanisia dodecandra subsp. trachysperma Polemonium reptans Polygala incarnata Polygala sanguinea Polygala senega Polygala verticillata Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum Polygonum achoreum Polygonum americanum POLYGONUM AVICULARE subsp. AVICULARE Polygonum aviculare subsp. buxiforme POLYGONUM AVICULARE subsp. DEPRESSUM POLYGONUM AVICULARE subsp. NEGLECTUM Polygonum erectum Polygonum ramosissimum var. prolificum Polygonum ramosissimum var. ramosissimum Polygonum tenue Polymnia canadensis Polymnia laevigata Polypodium polypodioides var. michauxianum Polypodium virginianum Polypremum procumbens Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 173 Steyermark | | ! ! | ! ! P. dodecandra var. dodecandra P. dodecandra var. trachysperma ! ! ! ! incl. var. latifolia ! incl. vars. ambigua, dolichoptera, isocycla & phenostachya P. biflorum & P. canaliculatum I Polygonella americana in part, incl. var. vegetum in part P. aviculare var. ittorale in part, incl. var. vegetum in part in part, incl. var. vegetum in part I P. prolificum P. vulgare var. virginianum ! Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. ambigua ! P. ramosissimum in part P. ramosissimum in part I USDA ! ! ! ! incl. var. isocycla & P. ambigua ! Polygonella americana ! P. buxiforme Polygonum arenastrum P. bellardii ! ! ! ! | Pleopeltis polypodioides var. michauxiana ! Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Polystichum acrostichoides Polytaenia nuttallii POMARIA JAMESII Pontederia cordata POPULUS « CANADENSIS POPULUS * CANESCENS POPULUS * JACKII POPULUS ALBA Populus deltoides Populus grandidentata Populus heterophylla POPULUS NIGRA var. ITALICA Populus tremuloides PORTULACA GRANDIFLORA Portulaca pilosa Portulacca oleracea Potamogeton amplifolius POTAMOGETON CRISPUS Potamogeton diversifolius Potamogeton epihydrus Potamogeton foliosus Potamogeton illinoensis Potamogeton nodosus Potamogeton pectinatus Potamogeton pulcher Potamogeton pusillus POTENTILLA ARGENTEA Potentilla canadensis Potentilla norvegica POTENTILLA RECTA Potentilla rivalis Potentilla simplex Potentilla supina subsp. paradoxa Prenanthes alba Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 174 Steyermark I ! Hoffmanseggia jamesii ! P. x eugenei P. tremula P. x gileadensis ! ! incl. var. missouriensis ! t I I ! P. mundula ! incl. P. neglecta & P. retusa I I ! as var. nutallii ! incl. var. macellus I I I not included as var. villosissima ! f ! incl. vars. millegrana & pentandra ! incl. vars. argyrisma & calvescens P. nicollettii & P. paradoxa I Yatskievych ! ! ! ! ! incl. subsp. monilifera ! USDA ! ! ! incl. subsp. monilifera ! ! P. nigra in part ! ! ! Stuckenia pectinata ! ! incl. subsp. tenuissimus I ! incl. var. vilosissima as subsp. monospeliensis I P. paradoxa Tabie 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Prenanthes altissima Prenanthes aspera Prenanthes crepidinea Prenanthes racemosa Primula fassettii Primula frenchii Primula meadia PRIMULA VERIS PROBOSCIDEA LOUISIANA Proserpinaca palustris PROSOPIS GLANDULOSA Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata PRUNELLA VULGARIS var. VULGARIS Prunus americana Prunus angustifolia PRUNUS ARMENIACA PRUNUS CERASUS Prunus hortulana PRUNUS MAHALEB Prunus mexicana Prunus munsoniana PRUNUS PERSICA Prunus serotina PRUNUS SPINOSA Prunus virginiana Pseudognaphalium helleri Dd. j Tai mn IF Ptelea trifoliata Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 175 Steyermark as var. cinnamomea ! ! ! Dodecatheon amethystinum not included Dodecatheon meadia incl. var. brachycarpum not included P. "louisianica” ! incl. vars. amblyogona & crebra not included ! ! ! not included ! ! incl. P. munsoniana ! ! ! | not included Gnaphalium obtusifolium var. micradentum Gnaphalium obtusifolium var. obtusifolium ! incl. var. mollis Yatskievych ! ! ! ! incl. vars. LI USDA ! incl. var. multiflora Dodecatheon amethystinum Dodecatheon frenchii Dodecatheon meadia incl. subsp. brachycarpum I P. "louisianica” ! incl. vars. LI crebra ! P. hortulana in part ! crebra as var. torreyana as subsp. lanceolata as subsp. vulgaris ! ! ! ! ! incl. P. munsoniana ! ! ! ! ! as subsp. helleri P. helleri subsp. micradentum ! incl. var. mollis Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Pteridium aquilinum Ptilimnium capillaceum Ptilimnium costatum Ptilimnium nuttallii PUCCINELLIA DISTANS PUERARIA MONTANA var. LOBATA Pycnanthemum albescens Pycnanthemum muticum Pycnanthemum pilosum Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Pycnanthemum torrei Pycnanthemum virginianum PYRACANTHA COCCINEA Pyrrhopappus carolinianus PYRUS CALLERYANA PYRUS COMMUNIS QUERCUS ACUTISSIMA Quercus alba Quercus bicolor Quercus coccinea Quercus ellipsoidalis Quercus falcata Quercus imbricaria Quercus lyrata Quercus macrocarpa Quercus marilandica Quercus michauxii Quercus muehlenbergii Quercus nigra Quercus pagoda Quercus palustris Quercus phellos Quercus prinoides Quercus rubra Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 176 Steyermark as vars. latiusculum & pseudocaudatum i I ! ! incl. P. airoides P. lobata I I ! not included ! not included ! not included I I ! incl. var. tuberculata ! as var. falcata ! ! ! ! ! Q. prinoides var. acuminata I Q. falcata var. pagodaefolia ! ! as var. prinoides ! incl. var. borealis Yatskievych as vars. latiusculum & 1 1 USDA as vars. latiusculum & 1 1 FE ! ! P. verticillatum var. pilosum ! ! incl. var. tuberculata ! ! ! ! ! incl. var. depressa ! ! incl.var. ambigua Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Quercus shumardii var. acerifolia Quercus shumardii var. shumardii Quercus similis Quercus stellata Quercus texana Quercus velutina Ranunculus abortivus RANUNCULUS ACRIS Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus RANUNCULUS ARVENSIS RANUNCULUS BULBOSUS Ranunculus cymbalaria Ranunculus fascicularis RANUNCULUS FICARIA Ranunculus flabellaris Ranunculus harveyi Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus Ranunculus laxicaulis Ranunculus micranthus RANUNCULUS PARVIFLORUS Ranunculus pusillus Ranunculus recurvatus RANUNCULUS REPENS RANUNCULUS SARDOUS Ranunculus sceleratus RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM RAPHANUS SATIVUS RAPISTRUM RUGOSUM RATIBIDA COLUMNIFERA Ratibida pinnata RATIBIDA TAGETES RESEDA LUTEA RESEDA LUTEOLA Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 177 Steyermark Q. shumardii var. schneckti ! not included ! incl. var. margaretta Q. nutallii ! ! incl. var. indivisus ! R. longirostris I I ! ! incl. var. apricus not included I I R. septentrionalis var. caricetorum R. hispidus incl. var. marilandicus R. septentrionalis incl. var. pterocarpus ! ! incl. var. delitescens ! ! ! ! incl. var. pleniflorus ! ! ! ! not included ! ! ! not included ! Yatskievych Q. shumardii in part Q. shumardii in part 0) as var. stellata ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! as subsp. bulbifer ! ! ! USDA Q. shumardii var. schneckti ! ! R. longirostris | ! ! ! as var. bulbifera ! ! ! Table 2 SCIENTIFIC NAME Rhamnus caroliniana RHAMNUS CATHARTICA RHAMNUS DAVURICA RHAMNUS JAPONICA Rhamnus lanceolata Rhexia mariana var. interior Rhexia mariana var. mariana Rhexia virginica Rhododendron prinophyllum RHODOTYPOS SCANDENS Rhus aromatica var. aromatica Rhus aromatica var. serotina Rhus copallinum var. latifolia Rhus glabra RHUS TYPHINA Rhynchosia difformis Rhynchosia latifolia Rhynchospora capillacea Rhynchospora capitellata Rhynchospora corniculata Rhynchospora globularis var. recognita Rhynchospora harveyi Rt 1 1 F Rhynchospora scirpoides Ribes americanum Ribes cynosbati Ribes missouriense Ribes odoratum RICINUS COMMUNIS ROBINIA HISPIDA ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA Robinia pseudoacacia Rorippa aquatica Rorippa curvipes Rorippa palustris var. fernaldiana Ladd and Thomas: Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora 178 Steyermark ! incl. var. mollis ! in part not included R. cathartica in part ! incl. var. glabrata R. interior ! ! R. roseum not included ! incl. var. illinoensis I R. copallina var. latifolia ! I